Ukungena ngaphakathi kungukuthuthukiswa okujulile kobuntu uma uxhumana nabanye. Umuntu uyakwazi ukuzihlola, ukukhetha umsebenzi nokulawula inkambo yayo, ukulinganisa izindinganiso zomphakathi. Inkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemisebenzi ithole isicelo sayo kulesi sciences ehlobene nalokhu: ifilosofi, isayensi yezokwelapha, i-pedagogy kanye nezenhlalo.
Kuyini ukuxoshwa?
Ukungena ngaphakathi kungukubunjwa kwezakhiwo ezingokwengqondo zangaphakathi ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yangaphandle yomphakathi. Lapho izinqubo zangaphakathi zikhona:
- ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga;
- ukuvuthwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yengqondo yonke;
- ukwakha isipiliyoni sempilo ;
- ukuhlalisana kwabantu.
Kuyini ukuxoshwa kwezingqondo ku-psychology?
Yonke imisebenzi yangaphandle yomuntu ilawulwa umsebenzi wengqondo yangaphakathi. Ukungena ngaphakathi kwengqondo kuyisifundo sezinqubo zokucubungula ulwazi oluvela ngaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi. Umuntu usebenza ngezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke kwenzeka okwenzekayo okuvumela ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi onomgomo kakade engqondweni - imisebenzi yengqondo ngaphandle kokuhlanganyela kwezinto ngokwabo. Ukwakhiwa kwama-structural units of consciousness kusiza umuntu ukuba "ashukumise" ngengqondo ngezikhathi ezahlukene.
Ukutadisha ukuxoshwa kwamanye amazwe kwahilela izingqondo zezokwelapha uJippa Piaget, uL. Vygotsky ngombono wokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi wengqondo owakhiwa okokuqala njengangaphandle, kanti lapho kusetshenziswe khona umsebenzi, kutholakala izimpande kumuntu we-psyche ngokwayo. Ukwakhiwa kwenkulumo kwenzeka enkambisweni yokuzibandakanya ngaphakathi futhi kwakha ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Abantu abadala basebenzisa inkulumo yabo ukuze bathinte ingane, bamkhuthaze ukuthi asebenze.
- Ingane ithatha izindlela zokuxhumana futhi iqala ukuthonya umuntu omdala ngokwakhe.
- Esikhathini esizayo, ingane ithonya igama kuye.
Kuyini ukuxoshwa ekufundiseni?
Ukuzibandakanya ekufundiseni kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ubuntu bomfundi futhi unikezwe indawo ebalulekile futhi umphumela wenqubo awuqhutshwa nje kuphela ngokuthola ulwazi olusha ngabafundi, kodwa nangokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo somuntu . Ukuzibandakanya ngokuphumelelayo kwezingane zesikole kuncike kubuntu bothisha ngokwabo. Kukholelwa ukuthi izici eziyinhloko ekufundiseni kuyinkqubo yokufundisa kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi kwamanani abantu abamba iqhaza kulokhu:
- ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu obumbene bomfundi;
- ukwakheka kwesigaba sokugqugquzela esimeme;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwemigomo yokuziphatha nokuziphatha kanye nemigomo yomphakathi.
Ukuzibandakanya ngefilosofi
Umqondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wamukelwa izazi zefilosofi. Umsebenzi owusizo kuyindlela yokwazi umhlaba nokuba. Isigaba sefilosofi-gnoseology sibona ngokusemthethweni umgomo weqiniso, kodwa umkhuba uqobo uyindlela kuphela yokwenza ulwazi olusemthethweni. D.V. UPivovarov waphetha: ukuhlangenwe nakho komuntu kuvela emisebenzini ewusizo ngokuqhathanisa nengxenye ekhona ekhona yendaba. Isimiso sokungenelela kwezefilosofi sibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqonda womuntu uyindlela yokuqonda ukuthi ukhona.
Ukuzibandakanya phakathi kwezenhlalo
Ukuzibandakanya kwezenhlalakahle kuyindlela yokwakha ubumbano nokubaluleka komuntu njengeyunithi yezenhlalakahle ngokusebenzisa ukulingana kwamagugu, imigomo namagugu amasiko womuntu ngamunye. Umphakathi uqhubeka njalo futhi umuntu kumele azivumelanise nezimo zomphakathi eziguqukayo. Izazi zezenkolo zikholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu kubangelwa imisebenzi ehlangene ehlangene. Indlela yokuzibandakanya komuntu iqukethe izinto ezintathu:
- Ukuzimela komunye umuntu . Imfundiso kaL. Vygotsky mayelana nendawo okuthuthukiswa ngayo ingane ibonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukugcwaliseka okuhlanganyelwe kwezinto ezingakajwayelekile ezinganeni - lokhu kufaka umsebenzi we-intrapsychic (ngamunye) wesikhathi esizayo.
- Ukusebenza kahle . "Siba" mina ". Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala, zikhuluma ngazo kumuntu wesithathu - zizibiza ngegama, njengoba zibizwa ngokuthi abadala. Ukuguqulwa kuya "Mina" - kukhona ukuqaphela ngokwabo kanye nokusabalala kwencazelo ngaphezu kwencazelo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza zangaphakathi zokuqwashisa noma ukukhwabanisa ubuntu . Kulesi sigaba, kukhona ukuchithwa - inqubo yokunikeza ngaphandle kolwazi oluthile, ulwazi, isipiliyoni. Isabelo kanye nokuphathwa kwamaphethini wokuziphatha okusimeme.