Umfula omkhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu yi-Volga, ekhona ezweni elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Volga isisemfuleni omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, egeleza egcekeni elingaphakathi.
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Ubude bomfula obude kunazo zonke eYurophu buyizinkulungwane ezingama-3530. Yiqiniso, emfuleni omude kakhulu emhlabeni, iNayile Volga ikude kakhulu, ngoba iNayile ingama-6670 km ubude. Kodwa eYurophu nalesi ubude kuyisibonakaliso esibi.
Kusukela i-Volga yayo ihamba ne-Valdai Upland, futhi lapho ihamba iwela i-Central Central Upland, iphinde iphendukele emagqumeni ama-Urals iphinde iya e- Caspian Sea .
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuqala kweVolga yayo kuthatha ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-228 ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi kuphela ngamamitha angu-28 ngaphansi kolwandle. Umfula uhlukaniswe ngokuyinhloko izingxenye ezintathu: phezulu, phezulu naphansi. Esigodini semifula kunemifula engaphezu kuka-150 000, futhi inendawo engaba ngu-8% yensimu yaseRussia.
Ukusetshenziswa komfula ode kakhulu wase-Europe
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo iVolga isetshenziswe ngabantu njengendlela yokuthutha nokuhweba. Umfula wawuhlelwe yihlathi - lokhu kwakuyizindawo eziyinhloko. Namuhla, ukubaluleka komfula kunkulu kakhulu: kuxhunywe ngamanetha okufakelwa emaLwandle aseMhlophe naseBaltic, futhi ukuqhutshwa kwamagesi kagesi kuVolga ngumkhiqizi wekota yesandla samanzi eRussia, okuyiyona eyesibili esiteshini samandla esiphezulu samandla kagesi amakhulu emhlabeni.
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Kuze kube phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, isifunda seVolga saba umholi ekufakweni kwamafutha nezinye izimbiwa. Ibuye izakhi eziningi ezimbonini ezinkulu ze-metallurgical, okuyinto eyaziwa, zidinga amanzi amaningi kule nqubo. umsebenzi wokuphila.
Umfula ojulile eYurophu
Futhi kulolu pharamitha, iRussia yayingaphambili. Isihloko somfula waseYurophu esiphelele kakhulu siwuMfula iNevva, owenza unyaka wonke unamanzi ama-cubic amamitha angu-80, okuyinto, ngobude bawo, yikhombisi ephezulu.
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I-Neva iqala eLwandle Ladoga, ngendlela, echibi elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu, futhi ligeleza lingene eGulf of Finland eBaltic Sea. Ubude bomfula buncane - amakhilomitha angama-74, ukujula okuphezulu - amamitha angu-24. Kodwa ububanzi obuphezulu emfuleni buyamangalisa - amamitha angu-1250.
Umfula unokuningi okungavamile: ububanzi bawo bekhilomitha eyi-1 buyahlukahluka izikhathi ezingu-10, bube nemigodi enezintambo ezijulile, ngenxa yokuthi imikhumbi ayikwazi ukuguqula amabhange, i-Neva igcwele izikhukhula hhayi entwasahlobo kodwa ekwindla, nase-delta yayo ngo-7 izikhathi ezibanzi kunomzila, ngenxa yokuthi imingcele enkulu idalwe eduze kolwandle.
Ngaphezulu kwe-Neva kunamabhuloho angu-342 akhiwe, izakhiwo ezidumile njenge-Issakievsky Cathedral, i-museum yokuqala yaseRussia Kunstkamera, eyunivesithi yokuqala, i-mosque enkulu kunazo zonke eYurophu nasenyakatho ye-Buddhist monastery yakhiwe emabhange ayo.
Umfula omude kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu
Uma ungazi ukuthi imuphi umfula omkhulu kunawo wonke eNtshonalanga Yurophu, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola - lo Mfula iDanube. Ubude bayo buyi-2860 m. Uqala umfula walo eJalimane, kodwa ugeleza ufike oLwandle Olumnyama, ugeleza ezweni layishumi lamazwe aseYurophu.| | |
Okuthakazelisayo ngalolu mfula kungukuhlukahluka kwemifula emanzini onke. Esikhathini samanje, umuntu angathola ama-glaciers, izintaba eziphakeme, izintaba ze-mountain, ama-karst plateaus, amathafa asezintabeni namathafa asehlathini.
Amanzi aseDanube ane-tinge engavamile ephuzi okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza umfula ube ngumfula ophazamiseka kakhulu eYurophu. Lo mbala uchazwa ngokuba khona kwezinhlayiya ezinqanyuliwe ze-silt eziwela emfuleni ukusuka ezindaweni ezikugu.
I-Danube ingumfula wesibili ngobukhulu ngemva kweVolga, egeleza eYurophu. Kodwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu ukuthi yiyona ende kunazo zonke futhi ejulile kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalo kukhona imifula i-Rhine (1320 km) noVislala (1047 km).