Uma ufuna ukunikeza ama-exotics engadini, qaphela isenzo se-plantinidia, ukutshala nokuzinakekela kulula kakhulu. Kungenxa yesigaba sama-liana, ngokwemvelo sande ezindaweni zase-Himalaya, eChina, eJapane, eSakhalin. Igama lendabuko livela egameni lesiGreki futhi lisho "inkanyezi". Abalimi baveza izinhlobo ezithela izithelo ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia.
Incazelo ye-Actinidia
I-actinidia ethandekayo iyinhlangano ehlala njalo e-shrub liana, ekhuphuka ezisekelweni eziphezulu. Kujabulisa iso nge ubuhle bayo futhi kudonsela izimfanelo zokuphulukisa amajikijolo. Wonke umuntu uyazi izithelo ze-actinidia delicacy (isiShayina) - kiwi. Amasiko adonsela abalimi ngezakhiwo zokuhlobisa, izidakamizwa kanye nokwehliswa. Incazelo emfushane yenkambiso:
- Lokhu kuyisiko esinama-dioecious winding elinamagatsha aqinile, ukuthola izithelo, izithombo zamadoda nabesifazane ezidingekayo.
- Ubulili bamahlumela bunqunywa umgomo: ezimpandeni zesilisa zihlanganiswe izicucu ezingu-6 noma ngaphezulu, kubesifazane zihlukanisiwe.
- Amahlamvu anesikhumba, angabhekiswa emaphethelweni.
- I-blossoms actinidia i-snow-white, i-orange, i-buds ephuzi, ekhumbuza ama-asterisks.
- Isihlahla ngoSepthemba sinikeza izithelo eziluhlaza okomnandi nezomuncu ngezinhlamvu ezincane kanye nephunga le-ananas. Ngokwabelana nge-vitamin C, ibhisikidi lidlulile i-currant ebomvu nezithelo ze-citrus.
I-liana ehambayo iyathokozisa abalimi unyaka wonke: entwasahlobo amahlamvu aqhakazile, ngesikhathi sezimbali - ngephunga elimnandi. Kwezinye izinhlobo ngo-Agasti amahlamvu abe i-variegated crimson. Ekwindla isitshalo sibe umbala ogqamile wegolide, ngo-Okthoba amaqabunga awela. Isihlahla sifanele ukuhlobisa okubonakalayo, sisebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle wocingo, i-lattice, i-gazebo, isakhiwo sekhaya.
Izinhlobo ze-Actinidia - izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ze-shrubby actinidia, ziyahluka ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ubukhulu bamajikijolo nezihlahla. Okuthandwa kakhulu yensimu isithembu kanye nokuphikisana. Okubaluleke kunazo zonke ensimini yeRussia kubhekwa njengenhlobo ye-colomict, okuvela kuyo yi-subspecies Michurin noClara Zetkin. Lesi sitshalo siyamangalisa ukumelana nesithwathwa, siphila ku-45 ° С. Amaqabunga ama-oval anempahla emangalisayo - izinsuku ezingu-5-10 ngaphambi kokusila, ipuleti iba mhlophe, bese iguqulwa ibe ngumbala obomvu. I-Buds iphunga kahle, futhi iberry emerald, inesayizi enkulu kanye ukunambitheka okumnandi.
I-argument ka-Actinidia
Ngosayizi lithatha indawo ehamba phambili, ukuphakama komvini kungafinyelela kumamitha angu-30. Ubuningi be-trunk yayo buhluka kusuka ku-10 ukuya kwangu-20 amasentimitha. I-Arguta ihlaba kahle izihlahla, ibanike ukubukeka okungajwayelekile. Izithelo zezinhlobonhlobo zikhulu kunabo bonke izihlobo, zifana ne-mini kiwi, i-actinidia yezingxabano inezimbali ezimhlophe. Amajikijolo akhe ephunga elifana ne-ananas, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amanzi namanzi. Isisindo sesithelo ngu-6 amagremu, sizovuthwa ekuvuneni ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, izithelo ezivuthiwe zihle.
I-Actinidium Issai
I-self-pollinating (hermaphroditic) actinidia, ukutshala nokuyinakekela akudingi ukuba khona kwe-subspecies yamadoda nabesifazane. U-Liana ukhula ngamamitha angu-9, ukhula kuze kube ngu-30 iminyaka. Isihlahla sinezimbali ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-pubescent enezinwele ezibomvu. Amaqabunga akhulu, ibumba lebhola, lesikhumba, i-velvety. Ukuma kwepuleti kungama-oval, ubude buyi-17-25 cm. Izimbali ze-Actinidium ze-Issyi zichitheka ngoMeyi-Juni, zinombala wekhilimu, umumo omebe indebe, u-2.5-5 cm ububanzi. Phakathi no-Okthoba esihlahleni kukhona izithelo ezimuncu-ezimnandi, umnqumo wangaphakathi, ngaphandle zimbozwe izinwele ezibomvu.
Actinidia Far Eastern
Izinhlobo ezibandayo kakhulu zalesi sitshalo ngu-Actinidia, insimu esempumalanga. Olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-amur gooseberries. Ukusuka EMpumalanga Ekude lesi siko sesifikile emasimini asezindaweni eziphakathi. Endaweni eyodwa ihlathi lihluma kuze kube neminyaka engu-50 ubudala, linesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Unezinhlamvu ezimnyama, amahlumela akhula ngokushesha. Izithelo zinde, ziyi-cylindrical, zinemibala eluhlaza. Bathandeka futhi banomsoco, bakhumbule i-ananas, banesikhumba esincane. ULiana unobulukhuni obunzima obubusika. Njengengxenye ye-fetus, kunomthamo wokurekhoda we-vitamin C, kuphela kumaqabunga e rose.
Actinidia ipheyinapple
I-actinidia ye-Dioecious ye-"Ananas" ibhekwa njenge-liana ekhula ngokushesha, enye yezinto ezinamandla kakhulu. Ifinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-10, i-blooms ngezimbali ezimnandi ngoMeyi-June. Izithelo zikhula zibe ngu-3 cm ububanzi, ziluhlaza okwesibomvu, zilalele kahle nge-asidi evuselelayo, zikhumbuza i-kiwi nephunga elimnandi le-ananas. Zingadliwa nge-peel, zivuthwe ngo-Okthoba, zihanjiswe kahle. Imbewu emajikijolo ayinto encane kakhulu, ngokudla akuzwa. Ukuze impova idinga isitshalo sesilisa esisodwa ku-6-8 wesifazane.
Actinidia purple
Kusukela ekubukeni kokuhlobisa, izinhlobo ezibomvu zibukeka zithakazelisayo. I-actinidia enjalo kule ncazelo ibonakala ngokutholakala kweziqu eziguquguqukayo, efinyelela ukuphakama kwemitha engama-3. Ngeziqu ezibomvu, ezimbozwe ngamagxolo angaphandle. Amaqabunga ahamba nge-elliptical, anezinwele ezithile zesikhishobhi, ngezimpondo ezikhomba. Izimbali ezinezintambo ezimhlophe zeqhwa nama-black anthers, eziqoqwe ngamaqembu amancane.
Umehluko oyinhloko ubhebhe obushelelezi obunzima obunomzimba obomvu nesikhumba, ngokunambitheka okumnandi, okulinganisa amagremu ama-5. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo, isitshalo sibheka ukuhlobisa - njengokungathi amaswidi abomvu afakwa emaqabunga. Izinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe zibhekene nobunzima obusika obubusika nokuvuthwa okuphuzile. Lesi sitshalo esinothando sokushisa, i-halo eyingozi kakhulu ekukhuleni kwayo iyahamba ngobubanzi beKiev.
Actinidia Jumbo
Ezihlukahlukene zaseNtaliyane nezithelo ezinkulu, ezithandekayo zesimo se-cylindrical, lapho zivuthiwe zithola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Angadliwa nge-peel, isivuno sokuvuna ngo-Okthoba. Isitshalo sinamandla, sifinyelela ubude bamamitha ayisishiyagalombili, iziqu zimbozwe ezitshalweni noma zisakaze emhlabathini, zakha ama-dense aminyene. Izinhlobonhlobo zibusika-ziqinile, zibhekene nama-frost kuze kube ku--30 ° C, kodwa zidinga indawo evikelwe emoyeni. I-Jumbo, ngokungafani ne-actinidia hermaphroditic, uhlobo lwe-dioecious, ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwezithelo kudinga i-pollinator - ukuba khona kwezitshalo zesilisa nabesifazane. Bahlala ndawonye.
Actinidia - ukufika
Manje ithembisa ukuba nesitshalo se-actinidia engadini, ukutshala nokuyinakekela kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nama-agrotechnics athuthukile. Ukuvuthwa kwemifino kungcono entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Beka kahle ngokuhamba kwendawo engadini, eduze kwezindonga noma izicingo, i-arbors, i-stling stalk izodinga trellis ukulungisa amagatsha. Indlela yokutshala i-actinidia:
- ububanzi bomgobo buyi-70 cm, ukujula kungama-50-60 cm, ibanga phakathi kwehlathi kukhona 1.5-2 m;
- kuya engxenyeni engezansi yezingqimba, ungqimba lwe-rubble oluyi-15 cm;
- udinga ngokushesha ukutshala i-actinidia, ngokutshala nokunakekela udinga inhlanganisela yezwe engadini ne-10 kg yama-humus, i-200 g ye- superphosphate , i-50 g ye-ammonium nitrate, u-80 g we-usawoti we-potassium;
- lapho i-substrate ihlala (inxenye yenyanga), i-hillock evela enhlabathini evundile ngaphandle kokungcola ithululelwa phezu kwengxube yokugcwalisa, izithombo zitshalwe;
- inhlabathi ithambile kahle, isihlahla siphuziswa kakhulu ngamabhakede amabili amanzi;
- I-cervix yomsuka kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphansi ngemuva kokutshala;
- Ngesikhathi sokuqala (izinsuku ezingu-14), isithombo senziwe ngendwangu elula;
- inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ne- sawdust noma i-peat;
- ngokuba i-actinidia, ukutshala kanye nokuhlengikaza kuvunyelwe futhi ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuwusebenzisa ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo bezolimo 2-3 amasonto ngaphambi kweqhwa lokuqala. Ngalesi sizathu, izithombo ezineminyaka engama-2-3 zifanelekile, abadala bakunzima ukubekezelela ukuvuthwa kwekwindla.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Actinidia
Isitshalo esikhuphuka siveza kalula - amathonti, imbewu, ama-cuttings. Indlela ye-vegetative izoveza izithelo zeminyaka engu-3-4. Lesi sitshalo, esakhula kusuka kumbewu, sizonikeza amajikijolo okuqala eminyakeni engu-7. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwandisa i-actinidia:
- Amathinta. Lapho ukugeleza kokushisa kwentwasahlobo kuphelile futhi amaqabunga amancane avela, ihlumela elinamandla likhethiwe futhi i-downline iphiniwe phansi. Indawo yokunamathisela ichitheka ngomhlabathi ezingeni lika-15 cm no-sawdust. Phezu kwesibhamu kumele ihlale phansi. Inhlabathi ithuliswa ngendlela ehlelekile, ukhula luphuma. Ngonyaka olandelayo, izimpungushe zingahlukaniswa nesiqu somama futhi zigxilile, zisebenzisa i-agrotechnics - indlela yokutshala i-actinidia entwasahlobo.
- Cuttings. Le ndlela iyona esheshayo. I-cuttings ikhiqizwa ngoJuni, amagatsha amaningana enempilo cishe ngamamitha ubude anqunywe. Imikhawulo yehlumela iyancishiselwa emanzini, ihlukaniswe ngamagceke angu-15 cm nama-internodes amabili. Ukutshala kwe-cuttings ku-greenhouse kwenziwa embhede. Emhlabathini, isihlabathi se-humus kanye nomfula sisungulwa ngesilinganiso se-2: 2: 1 kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali (100 amagremu ngamitha yendawo ngayinye). Igebe eliphakathi kwama-specimens lingama-5 cm, izinso ezingaphezulu kufanele zibe ngaphezu komhlaba. Inhlabathi iningi kakhulu yokunisela, ngoba izidakamizwa zasebusika zidinga ukunakekelwa - zigcwele amaqabunga awile, kanti entwasahlobo itshalwe ensimini.
- Imbewu. Izinto zokwelapha zisuswa esithelweni, zomisiwe. Ngenyanga kaDisemba bahlonywe izinsuku ezingu-4, bafakwe esitokisini se-kapron kanye nebhokisi lomhlabathi. Imbewu idinga ukunakekelwa - iyanamiswa masonto onke ukuze ingafi. NgoJanuwari, ibhokisi lehlabathi lifakwa efrijini. Ngo-Mashi, idluliselwa endaweni enezinga lokushisa lika-10-12 ° C, imbewu iyaqhubeka iyanamanzi futhi ihlanzwe.
Uma ezinye zazo zivela proklyutsya, okusanhlamvu kuhlwanyelwe ezitsheni ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi somfula kanye nomhlabathi wezithelo kuze kube yi-1.5 cm ejulile. Isiko sihlungiwe, sigcwele imisebe eqondile yelanga. Lapho amahlumela ama-3-4 avela emahlumela, amahlumela atshalwe endaweni yokushisa. Isikhathi sokuqala izithombo zizoqhakaza emva kweminyaka engu-3-5, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ziqonde ubulili bazo futhi zizitshale endaweni ehlala njalo.
Actinidia - ukulima nokunakekelwa
I-garden actinidia, ukutshala nokunakekelwa okwenziwe kahle, iveza isivuno esingama-20 kg amajikijolo asuka ehlathini. Imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhula isitshalo:
- Ukudubula. Onsana ezineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala ehlobo kususa amahlumela aphukile, angahlanjululwayo namagatsha, eqinisa umqhele. I-Liana isakhiwe ngesimo somugqa oshayayo futhi omsindo. Lapho uneminyaka eyi-8-10, ukwelashwa kwe-actinidia kwenziwa ngokuhlobisa izihlahla - ebusika ushiye kuphela isitshalo esingu-40 cm.
- Ebusika. Emva kokuvuna, lesi sitshalo sigcwele i-sawdust kanye ne-fir-tree tree eduze nezimpande. Abasusi umvini kusuka e-trellis.
- Ukukhululeka. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo, umhlabathi uhamba ngokucophelela nge-podpushivayut ngokujulile okungaphezulu kuka-10 cm, ngokunakekelwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungalimazi izimpande ezisendaweni engaphezulu.
U-Actinidia - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukulima kwe-actinidia kuhilela ukugcwalisa isitshalo, kuvuselela ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha, kuthuthukise ukuqina kwebusika. Izitshalo zilethwa ekwindla emva kokuvuna ngesilinganiso semitha elilodwa lesikwele: 2 kg we-humus, 40 g we-superphosphate, u-10 g we-usawoti we-potassium. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuzimbali, ukugqoka okuphezulu kumele kufake ukufaka ama-gramu angu-30 we-nitrogen kanye nama-20 g we-potassium kanye nama-phosphoric amalungiselelo emitha ngayinye.
Actinidia izimbali - ukuchelela
Ukuvuthwa kwe-actioninia engadini kuyakunyiswa indlela yokuhambisa umoya-ngokunisela nokusa. Esikhathini esishisayo, amabhakede amanzi ayisithupha kuya ku-8-8 athululelwa ngaphansi kwehlathi elihlukile njalo ngesonto lonke isikhathi semifino, ukuze i-liana ingalahlekelwa amaqabunga. Umhlaba uyadingeka ukuze izimpande zimanzi, kodwa amanzi akufanele agxumeke emjikelezweni oseduze. Kuwusizo ukuba umquba we-substrate ube no-10-12 cm we-sawdust ukuze ulondoloze umswakama.