U-Alalia ukuphulwa kwenkulumo (noma ukungabikho okuphelele) ezinganeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, azikho ukukhathazeka okusebenzayo kosizo lokuzwa. Ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo kubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okuncane noma ukuphazanyiswa kwezifunda zobuchopho ezibhekene nenkulumo, imbangela yayo ukubhujiswa kwalezi zindawo ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine noma eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila kwengane.
I-Motor alalia kubantwana ibizwa ukulibaziseka ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo ekhuluma kahle, okubangelwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo noma ukuphazanyiswa kwe-analyzer-motor (njengombuso, ukulimala ekuqhubeni izindlela zokukhuluma ngezimoto kanye nokuphela kwe-cortical). Ngaphandle, ukuphulwa komsebenzi wokuhlaziywa kwe-site ukuchazwa ngokufaka izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezicashile zohlelo lokubhala ngezingcingo ezilula futhi ezinamaqhinga.
I-Motor alalia ezinganeni inezibonakaliso ezilandelayo: ingane ilukhuni ekwenzeni iziphakamiso, ukuqonda ulimi lolimi, inombhalo osebenzayo omncane, kodwa futhi iyaqonda inkulumo yabanye abantu.
Ukwelashwa nokubikezela
Ukuhlolwa kwezingane nge-alalia kwenziwa kwinkimbinkimbi, ngokusebenzisana kwe-neurologist, udokotela wezingane nodokotela wezinkulumo. Kulesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucacisa izinga lokulimala komqondo, ngoba kuye ngokuthi lokhu, ubukhulu besifo buhlukile. Ezimweni ezinzima zika-alalia ezinganeni, ukwelashwa kunqunyelwe ngezifundo ngophakamisi wezinkulumo nasekhaya, okukuvumela ngokushesha ukuba ufundise ingane yakho amagama amasha negrama. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo omkhulu ezikhungweni zokukhuluma, ukwelashwa kungabi ngempumelelo, kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okuncane kwengqondo yomntwana esebenzayo, futhi inkulumo yonke ihlala ezingeni eliphansi: ukulinganisa nokulinganisa okungalungile.
Ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle, ekwelapheni i-alalia ebantwaneni, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kusetshenziswa, okufaka izingxenye ezintathu:
- Izikhathi zokwelapha inkulumo (zombili ngophethiloli nangomsebenzi wesikole). Uhlelo olusungulwe ngokukhethekile lwezokwelapha ukulungiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-alalia kusiza ukwandisa isilulumagama nokwenza inkulumo yengane iqondwe kangcono. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha lusebenza kuphela uma kwenzeka izifundo ezihleliwe.
- Ukusikhipha kwe-logopedic. Isekelwe emthethweni emisipha yezinkulumo ukuze kulungiswe ithoni yemisipha yokuhlolisisa futhi yenza kube lula ukubiza amagama. Ukuphunga okunjalo kwenziwa nge-probes ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile, inkambo eyodwa yokwelashwa iqukethe ama-8-10 amaseshini.
- Microcurrent reflexotherapy. Inhloso yokwelapha okunjalo ukuvula amasayithi e-cortex anesibopho sokukhuluma, isilulumagama nesichazamazwi, ikhono lokwakha imisho, njll. Inkambo inezinsuku ezingu-15. Inombolo yezifundo kanye nemigomo yokwelapha yodwa kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokulibaleka ekuthuthukiseni ingane ngayinye.
- Ukwelapha izidakamizwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubufakazi besayensi obukholisayo bokusebenza kwemithi kanye nabakwa-BAD abangaphezu kwalokho, odokotela bavame ukubeka i-nootropics namavithamini. Imithi ethandwa kunazo zonke yilungiselelo lenombolo: i-spitum, i-cortexin, i-gamma-lon, i-ceraxon, i-complexes yamavithamini weqembu B, njll.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni kuka-alalia kukhona imisebenzi yasekhaya kanye nengane (ikakhulukazi, ngokusetshenziswa kwezixhobo ezibukwayo).
Izimpawu zobuntu bomntwana ophethe i-alalia
Izimpawu zezingane ezine-alalia:
- ukusebenza okunciphise, ukukhathala okusheshayo;
- ubunzima ukugxila, ukugcina ukunakwa;
- ukuphuza okwesikhashana kokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, okuyinto, njengoba umthetho, idlulela ngokuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo;
- ngokuphathelene nomonakalo ezindaweni ezibuchopho, ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene kwembono kuvame ukubonwa: okubukwayo, okuhlolisisa, okubhaliwe, njll, okungukuthi, ingane ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa imisindo efanayo noma imibala, ukufiphaza amafomu, njll;
- naphezu kokunye okuthuthukile ekuthuthukiseni, izingane-umshumayeli akavaliwe, bazimisele ukudlala, ukufunda, ukufunda izinto ezintsha,
ukukhulumisana, ukubeka esikhundleni inkulumo ngezwi elibukeka ngokucacile, ukuthinta izinto ezihlukahlukene, njll; - i-infantilism yengqondo: ukuguquguquka njalo kwemizwelo (akuyona ehambisana njalo nesimo), ubuwula obukhulu, ukuzithemba nokuzibulala, ukungakwazi ukuzigxeka.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde izinto ezikhethekile ze-psyche yezingane ne-alalia, ebheka ukuziphatha kwabo, ikakhulukazi, emdlalweni (ozimele noma nabanye abantwana). Ukuphakama okukhulu komonakalo wobuchopho, ukucasula okukhulu, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlukaniswa, ukungafuni ukuxhumana noma ukuqhubeka nokwenza uma kwenzeka ubunzima.