Ukungazi lutho okuyingqayizivele kuyimfihlakalo ngemvelo yayo, kuveza ngezindlela eziningi: amaphupho, izinkolelo namathekisthi, ukuziphatha okukodwa noma okunye ezimweni, iziboniso, noma lapho umuntu enquma ukungenela ibhizinisi elisha futhi izandla zibonakala zibona lokhu "ukwenza" . Abahlakaniphile bathi ngokufanele: "Zonke izimpendulo kuwe!".
Umqondo wokuhlangana okungazi lutho
Umqondo wokungazi lutho oqoqayo uthatha ukuthi umuntu ngamunye nguye ophethe isipiliyoni jikelele sokuthuthukiswa kwe-phylogenetic yesintu sonke. I-collective unconscious iyadluliselwa ngokusebenzisa izakhi zobuchopho futhi ingqimba ejulile yengqondo, futhi okuqukethwe kuveza ngokwawo ngokusebenzisa ama-archetypes athile - amaphethini wokuziphatha afakiwe ekuphenduleni izimo ezithile. Ezingxenyeni ezijulile zokungazi lutho, hhayi kuphela izinhlobo ze-archaic zokuphila komuntu, kodwa futhi nezidalwa zokusebenza kwezilwane zokhokho.
Ubani owethule igama lokuqala lokungazi lutho?
Umbhali womqondo we-psychoanalyst odumile waseSwitzerland owaziwayo uKarl Gustav Jung, umfundi odumile kakhulu futhi ophikisanayo kaFreud. Isikhathi sokuqala leli gama lazwakala ngo-1916 esihlokweni esashicilelwe nguJung "Isakhiwo Sokungazi," lapho egcizelela ukuthi ekuhloliseni amaphupho eziguli, uFreud waqala ukuthola izinto ezingekho kumuntu ongenalwazi, kodwa ugcizelele umqondo wezemvelo, uhlobo oluhlangene. Kamuva K.G. UJung waqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "umgomo we-psyche", bese "ukungazi lutho."
Inkinga yeqoqo elihlangene elingazi lutho
Umbono weqoqo ohlangene awuqondi UJung watholakala emibono "yokumelwa okuhlangene" kwe-ethnologist uLevi-Bruhl ehambisana nezinqubo zokuzijabulisa komuntu, kodwa uJung waqhubeka ngokuthembela eziphilayo futhi, kwezinye izindawo, ukuhumusha okungokwemvelo kokuphila komuntu. Ubuhlobo bezenkolo, ubudlelwane bezinganekwane babelelwa yi-K.G. I-Jung ingenye yezakhi ezibalulekile zesimo sengqondo somuntu, esilungiswa ngendlela yezibonakaliso zokungazi lutho, ngokungafani noFreud, ongazange anikeze ukunakekelwa okungokomoya komuntu.
Ukungazi ngalutho nomuntu ngamunye
Umqondo womuntu ohlangene nomuntu ongenalo ulwazi unomthelela othile. Ukungazi lutho okutholakala nguFreud kuhlale kumuntu siqu, ngokusekelwe ezimisweni zokuzimela zokuzimela, ukukhiqiza, izakhi zofuzo ezidluliselwa ngabazali. Ukungazi lutho ndawonye kufana naso sonke isintu, kudala ungqimba olujulile lwe-psyche futhi kuyimfuneko yomuntu ngamunye ongazi lutho ngalowo muntu ngamunye.
Ukungazi lutho ndawonye ku-Jung
Ukuhlangana okungazi lutho emqondweni kaJung kuqukethe i-conglomerate ye-archetypes, futhi i-archetypes ngokwayo iningi kakhulu njengezimo zokuphila ezivamile, eziphindaphindiwe futhi ezihleliwe ngomoya we-psyche ngesimo esingagcwaliswa ngokuqukethwe, kodwa sinamathuba ohlobo oluthile lokubona noma isenzo. I-Archetypes ngokwayo isetshenziswe ngendlela yesithombe engqondweni, uma isimo esifanayo sidlala kubo futhi sibonakaliswa ngesikhathi samaphupho, ukuveza okuzenzakalelayo ukuveza.
Ukwakhiwa kokungazihlanganisi ndawonye
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-collective ezingenayo i-Jung, kubalulekile ukufuna izincazelo zomsebenzi we-psychoanalyst ngokwakhe. I-KG Jung ichaza okuqukethwe kokungazi lutho ndawonye ngokuthembela emigomeni elandelayo:
- izuzwe njengefa;
- liqukethe ama-archetypes, okuyizinto ezihamba phambili nezibonelo zokubonakaliswa kwangokwemvelo;
- uhlobo lwama-archaic: okuqukethwe kanye nezithombe zokuziphatha zifana naso sonke isintu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuhlanga, futhi lokhu kuyakha isisekelo esisodwa sokuphila komuntu wonke;
- inganekwane esakhiweni;
- ayilawulwa yiyo intando .
I-Archetypes ye-collective engazi lutho
I-Jung, e-archetypes yokungazi lutho, yathi lolu uhlobo lomsizi kumuntu ukuvumelanisa nemvelo yangaphandle. Abantu balalela izindlela ezintathu zokuziphatha:
- impikiswano - isifiso sempi;
- ukuhleleka noma ukungathathi hlangothi - ukubambisana, ukubambisana, ukugcina ibhalansi;
- ukuvumelana - isifiso sokuchuma, ukuqonda okufanayo nobuhle kukho konke.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-archetypes, kepha i-CG Jung ihlukanisa okuyisisekelo noma eyisisekelo, okucacisa ukuba khona, amacebo wokuziphatha, ukusebenzisana nezwe kubantu abaningi:
- I-Anima ne-Animus . Ububili besilisa nabesilisa besilisa.
- Umthunzi yingxenye emnyama yengqondo, eqashwe ngokucophelela ngukungazi lutho.
- Iqhawe - lixazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nengozi, liwela emgodini, lihlula ama-dragons.
- Umdala ohlakaniphile - Baba, i-Animus enhle, namuhla K.G. I-Jung ingafakwa kulolu chungechunge.
- I-Trickster - ingu -Joker, i-Fool, i-archtype yokuqamba, inkohliso, kodwa yamandla anamandla namandla, ihlala iqhamuka ezindabeni ze-Heroes.
- Umuntu - ukuthi umuntu uzibonakalisa kanjani emphakathini, "isikhumba sokuzivikela" somuntu .
Ukungazi lutho ndawonye ku-M. Foucault
Iqoqo elingazi lutho ekucwaningweni kwengqondo yilokho konke okushiwo yi-archetypes, futhi ukungazi lutho ngefilosofi kungumlando noma umasiko ongazi lutho, ngokusho kukaMichel Foucault, isazi sefilosofi nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, ummeleli we-antipsychiatry owadala isihlalo sokuqala sengqondo eFrance. I-Foucault ichaza ukungazi njengombhalo. Lapho efunda ama-epochs ahlukene, uFoucault waphawula ukuthi kuzo zonke izinkathi zenkathi kukhona "inkinga yenkinga" eyakhiwe ngezinkulumo ezikhona zesayensi, kepha zonke zakha i-episteme eyodwa (uhlelo lwolwazi).
I-Episteme igcwaliseka enkulumweni yabantu abaphila njengendlela yekhodi ecacile yemigomo nemigomo, izinkambiso kanye nokuvinjelwa, ngokungazi ngokucacile ukuziphatha nokucabangela kwesimo esinikeziwe esakha umlando owodwa ohlangene ongenalwazi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uMnu. Foucault uphikisa abantu ngabanye abangaphandle "abacatshangelwe emphakathini" abacwaningi, abaculi, abadume abakwazi ukubhubhisa i-epiconstruction ekhona.
Ukungazi lutho ndawonye - izibonelo
Ukungazi lutho ndawonye - izibonelo empilweni zingatholakala ekuhlaziyeni ukuziphatha kwabantu abasesixukwini, futhi lapha okungazi lutho noma okungahambi kahle komuntu kubonakala ngezindlela ezimbili zokuziphatha:
- Ukuhlanganisa ukuziphatha komzimba - isixuku siba yinto eyodwa ngenxa yokutheleleka ngesimo sangokomzwelo esifanayo, imibono - njengokwenzeka ngesikhathi se-rally lapho iqembu labantu livikela amalungelo abo, noma isixuku sabantu abathandekayo esimweni se-ecstasy jikelele.
- Ukunqamula ukuziphatha kwabantu abaningi - lapha izenzo ezihlangene ezingenakuqaphela njenge "ukuhlwanyela" ukwesaba nokushayisana. Abantu bayadabuka ngokomzwelo, futhi izindlela zokuziphatha esimweni esingajwayele ukusebenza emkhakheni wesimo sokuphila, abantu benza ngokungenangqondo - kwangaphandle kubonakala sengathi umuntu akaqapheli ukuziphatha kwakhe.
Isibonelo esivela kumkhuba we-psychiatric K.G. Intsha. Esinye seziguli sathonywa yi-archetype yoMsindisi futhi wabiza udokotela ukuba abheke naye elangeni ukucabangela iphallus yelanga, futhi uma uzama ukuzamazama ikhanda ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi, i-phallus nayo izoguquka, idale umoya. Ngo-1910, uJung, ecwaninga inganekwane, wathola incazelo ye-liturgy yasendulo yenkolo yeMithras, eyachaza umbono webhubhu yelanga ngokukhanya okudala umoya. Ukufana phakathi kwalezi zichazo kuyabonakala, futhi ngolwazi lwesiguli kusuka esikhathini esidlule esingenalutho oluvulekile.