Ukulinganisela kokubona kwezesayensi nokufilosofi

Ukuzijwayeza kungenye yemigomo eminingi efunyenwe yizinhlelo eziningi ezitholile uhlelo lokusebenza ezinkambeni ezihlukahlukene zesayensi. Izigaba zokuzikhethela ezithandwayo zisetshenziselwa ngokuqinile ekuziphatheni kwengqondo futhi ziyizinkomba zokubheka izindlela zokusebenzisana neqiniso lomthengi ohlelweni lwe-neurolinguistic (NLP).

Kuyini ukuziphatha?

Ukuzijwayeza (i-Latin modus - ukuthambekela, indlela, isilinganiso) - imodi yesenzo noma ubudlelwano, oboniswe esenzweni. Ukuzijwayeza - igama elisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezilimi ngolwazi lukaCharles Bally futhi luchaza ukuhlolwa okuzithobayo (imodi) ngokuphathelene nokuqamba (indaba, umbhalo, ukukhuluma). Kamuva, umqondo wendlela yokuziphatha waqala ukusetshenziselwa kwengqondo ukuze uchaze izigaba zesistimu yezinzwa zomuntu kanye nefilosofi njengendlela yokubonakalisa izindlela zokuba, izenzakalo. Ukuzijwayeza kubuye kusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezifana nalezi:

1. Izinhlelo zekhompyutha - isikhombimsebenzisi sezinhlelo eziningi, lapho enye yamawindi ephakathi, igxila kumsebenzisi.
2. Umculo - isebenzisa isixazululo samamodeli, okuvela kuwo amanye ama-frets.
3. Izepolitiki. Esikhathini sokuthi abantu bezenhlalakahle bezenhlalo - umuntu oyisimo esijwayelekile noma ubuntu obunjalo, lokhu kuyinhlobo enkulu kakhulu emphakathini onikeziwe.

Ukulinganiswa kwefilosofi

Uhlobo lokube luhambisana nezimo ezifakiwe. Ngabe ukuziphatha okusho ukuthini ngefilosofi? Le mpikiswano isetshenziswe nguprofesa waseRussia wefilosofi MN. Epstein. Emsebenzini wakhe "Ifilosofi ye-kungenzeka. Izindlela zokucabanga nezamasiko "usosayensi uhlongoze ukuhlukanisa izindlela zibe izinhlobo ezintathu, kuye ngokuthi izibikezelo ezisetshenziswe enkulumweni:

1. I-optical (being) - "ingakwazi" futhi "ibe." Lezi yizigaba ezahlukene zamandla ngokuphathelene nokuba (mhlawumbe kwenzeke, noma akunakwenzeka futhi ngeke kwenzeke).
2. I-Pure (okungenzeka) - amamodeli amakhono: "angakwazi" - "akakwazi" (angeke adle, angakwazi ukuphuza, angeke adlale ithuluzi)
3. I-Epistemic (ingqondo) - yenziwa ngama-predicates "angakwazi" futhi "azi." Izahlulelo zeModal zezazi zefilosofi zasendulo zamaGrisi: Socrates "Ngiyazi ukuthi angikwazi lutho" futhi uPlato "Ngiyazi ukuthi angikaze ngazi (angazi)" kubonisa ukuthi isimo sengqondo sokuzicabangela sefilosofi.

Isimo se-Psychology

Uhlelo lomuntu olumele lumelelwa iziteshi zokubona noma izamukeli ezizwakalayo. Ukuzijwayeza kwesazi-psychology kuyinhlobonhlobo yezinzwa nokucubungula kwangaphakathi kolwazi olutholiwe ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezitho ezithile zomqondo. Kuhlelo lwe-neurolinguistic (NLP) - incazelo yesimo esihamba phambili somuntu yisigaba esibalulekile sokuletha ulwazi oluphumelelayo kumakhasimende.

Izindlela zokubona

Kunezimo ezilandelayo zokubona kwezingqondo:

• imodeli enengqondo (imisebenzi yengqondo);
• ubuhlobo (ukuthinta, ukuhamba emkhathini, izinzwa ezithinta inhliziyo );
• ukuhlola (ukuhlolwa);
• ezibukwayo (ezibukwayo).

Ukulinganiswa kwezinzwa

Zonke izinto eziphilayo emvelo zinozwela. Indlela yokuzizwa kwengqondo kwengqondo ithola ulwazi ezweni langaphandle ngokusebenzisa abahlaziyi bezinzwa:

• ukubona (umbala nokukhanya);
• ukuzwa (ukudlidliza kwamagagasi omsindo);
• uthinta (ukucindezela, ukushisa okushisa, izinga lokushisa, ubuhlungu);
• iphunga (iphunga);
• ukunambitha (ikhwalithi yokudla).

Umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, kodwa kukhona izingxenye ezivamile ezivumela ukunikeza umuntu eqenjini elithile noma isichazamazwi. Izazi zengqondo, seziqhube izifundo eziningi, zathola ukuthi umuntu ngamunye unesimiso esihamba phambili sezinzwa, okwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa:

1. Ulwazi lwe- Audial - olungenayo luhlaziywa kangcono ngabahlaziyi bokuhlola. Umuntu onjalo uvame ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "Ngizwile lokho ...", "kuzwakalisa ukulingwa / okumangalisa", "kudubula izindlebe", "Angifuni ngisho nokuyilalela!".
2. Ukubukeka - ucabanga ngemifanekiso. Uhlobo olubukwayo lusebenzisa amagama ahlobene nezenzo ezibukwayo, uhlelo lombala: "elikhanyayo / elimnandi / elimibalabala / elincane", "kubonakala kimi," "waphawula / wagxila."
3. Ukuzizwa komzimba nokuthinta umzimba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni umzimba. Ukuzibonakalisa nokuzibonakalisa kwabantu abanjalo bacebile kakhulu. Kulezi zinkulumo ungase uzwe amagama: "nice", "efudumele", "creepy" "kuyinengiso kimi ngokungapheli".

Ukulinganisela kokucabanga

Isimiso somqondo wokucabanga yikhono lokucabanga ngemingcele ehlukene. Ngomuntu, indlela yokubona nokucabanga iphawuleka futhi ihileleke njalo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpawu zikaJa. Ukucabanga kuka-Startsev ngezinhlobo:

1. Ukulinganisela komqondo - kuhilela isigaba "seqiniso-amanga". Umqondo weqiniso usetshenziswa njengesihlungi ekukhetheni, ekuhleleni nasekushintsheni kolwazi.
2. Indlela yokuzijabulisa - izithombe zobuciko. Ukwakhiwa kwezithombe kwenzeka ngokoqobo lwe-psychic, bese kuboniswa ezweni lomzimba ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yobuciko, izincwadi.
3. Indlela yokusebenza ye- Instrumental - ukuxhaphazwa kwezinto ezweni nasemzimbeni. Amakhono ahlobene nomsebenzi, ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo nokuhlukaniswa okungenamsebenzi.
4. Isimo somlingo - ukucabanga okungenangqondo, kugxile emifanekisweni, izimpawu, izimangaliso. Ngokungahle kwenzeke kulokhu kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umuntu ulungile kanjani izahlulelo zakhe, ngenxa yokubonakala.
5. Indlela yokuziphatha - ukuziphatha, izinhloso nezimo zengqondo zabantu. Ukusebenzisana kokufunda-subject. Noma yisiphi isenzo noma inhloso ihlolwe kusukela esikhundleni sezimiso ezamukelwa umphakathi. Ukucabanga ngokuziphatha "kucabanga" ngezigaba: "okuhle-okubi," "okuhle-okubi."

Ukulinganisela kwemizwelo

Imizwelo ivame ukuhlukaniswa ibe yinto enhle, engalungile futhi ehambelanayo (engabonakali). Isimo sengqondo ngumzwelo ohlangene nendaba. U-K. Izard (isazi sezengqondo saseMelika) wasungula inkolelo yezimiso ezihlukile zokuhlukanisa:

• injabulo - isimo sengqondo esihle emhlabeni kanye nawe;
• isithakazelo - ikhono lokuqonda nokwenza ulwazi;
• ukumangala - izinguquko ngokuzumayo;
• usizi - okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlobene nokulahlekelwa yinto yokwaneliseka kwezidingo;
• ukuzinyanya - umzwelo wokwenqatshwa;
• intukuthelo - ukuzimisela ukuhlasela ngokuphendula;
• ukudelelwa - umuzwa wokuphakama, ukwehlisa komunye umuntu;
• amahlazo - isipiliyoni sokungaphansi;
• ukwesaba - kuhlobene nezimo zengozi, ukuzimisela ukubalekela;
• unecala - ukubeka icala kanye nokulahlwa ngenxa yokungaziphathi kahle.

Imemori ye-modal

Isimo sokuhola somuntu akusho ukuthi akasebenzisi ezinye iziteshi zokuzwa. Zonke izinhlelo zibandakanyeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngohlobo lwezimiso eziyisisekelo zokubona, kunezinhlobo zememori:

1. Ukubukwa - ukukhumbula izithombe ezingabonwayo ezingenayo.
2. I-auditory - ikhumbula ngekhanda imisindo engenayo, imisindo, umculo.
3. Ukudla - umuntu ukhumbula ukuthanda okuhlukile.
4. I-Touch - inkumbulo yezithombe, ukulondolozwa nokukhiqizwa kwezenzo / ukunyakaza;
5. Imoto - ukubunjwa nokukhumbula ngekhono lamakhono.
6. Okucacile - inkumbulo yephunga.
7. Imizwelo - khumbula yonke imizwa nemizwelo .

Ukuzibandakanya kwamanye amazwe kuhluke kanjani ezimisweni?

Umqondo wokuziphatha ngokuqondene nokusebenza kwengqondo kuyisimo sokufaniswa kwezidalwa eziningana ngaphakathi komuntu. Ukuzibophezela kubambisene nezindima zomuntu: ezenhlalakahle, ezenhlalakahle, ezomndeni, futhi ezibandakanya, ngokuqonda kwazo, izindlela ezahlukene. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuziphatha komuntu ngesimiso, kufaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa igama eliphansi. Ukuzijwayeza kanye nokulinganisa okuncane kungumqondo ohambisanayo. Ngokungafani namamodeli, izinto ezingezansi zingu-nuances kanye nokwahlukana phakathi kohlobo oluthile lwesimo: ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okunamandla-okuhamba phambili, okuhamba phambili.