Isimiso se-determinism yisikhathi esivamile, esibonisa ukuthi i-psyche yomuntu iqondiswa ngokuyinhloko ngendlela yayo yokuphila, futhi ngenxa yalokho, iyakwazi ukushintsha izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ngendlela efanayo nendlela yokuphila eguqukayo ngayo. Uma ezilwaneni ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kuqhubeka ngendlela elula ngokusebenzisa ukukhetha kwemvelo, imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isebenza ngokuqondene nomuntu-umthetho wokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, njll.
Umbono we-determinism
Ngokokuqala ngqá kwisayensi, ukucabanga ngalesi sihloko kwavela emfundisweni ye-Marxism, lapho kuchazwa khona izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, kanye neminye imithetho yangempela yentuthuko yomphakathi. Yilesi sici esasikhonza njengesizathu senkambo eqhubekayo yomcabango wesayensi maqondana nezinto ezithile ezithile zesimo sengqondo somuntu nokuqonda.
Okokuqala, isimiso sokuqhathanisa nokuhlolisisa sihlobene nesihloko semvelo kanye nalokho okushiwo yizimo zengqondo. Ukuthuthukisa ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokufunda ukubuka umhlaba ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo-ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, indlela yokucabanga ngokusebenza kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokulwa kobufilosofi obubabazayo okwenzeka ekhulwini lama-20, umqondo we-determinism wawubuye ube phambili. Wathola ngokushesha ukuthandwa futhi wadlulisela imiqondo eminingi yangaphambilini, isibonelo, indlela yokukhuluma kanye nendlela ehambelanayo.
Umqondo wokuba yi-determinism kwaba yimpumelelo yangempela: uma ngaphambilini ingqondo ye-psyche ibhekwa njengento ehlukile ehlukile engakwazi ukuguqulwa ngaphandle futhi ingabonakali isisekelo sayo empilweni yomuntu, manje i-psyche iye yabonakala njengepulasitiki, iguquguqukayo, ishintsha futhi ivulekile ukucwaninga. Esikhundleni sokuzibonela ngokuzithobayo kwafika indlela yokusebenza, okwakusheshe yaphakamisa ucwaningo oluningi lwengqondo. Yilokho okwenziwe ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yini ekwazi ukuthonya umuntu, ngokulinganisela nangokulinganayo ekhombisa zonke izinhlobo ezivulekile zezinto eziqhamukayo, ukucacisa ukuphendula nokuziphatha, nokwenza uphawu olufanisayo lwemiphumela etholakalayo.
Usosayensi uLs Vygotsky waletha isayensi umqondo obaluleke kakhulu wemasiko nomlando. Yile ndlela yokwelashwa eqondisa ukucaciswa kwemisebenzi ephakeme yengqondo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu kuxhumano umqondo wokuthi izinqubo zemvelo zezindlela zengqondo zishintsha ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-ingenetic yomuntu okwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi nezomlando ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uthatha imikhiqizo yenkambiso yabantu ngenkathi esebenzelana nabanye.
Imfundiso yokuzikhethela iqhubekela phambili ekuthuthukiseni ngaphakathi kohlaka lomqondo ososayensi ukuthi akugcini nje ukuthi umuntu onezici ezithile ze-psyche uphikisana nezwe langaphandle, kodwa umuntu osebenzayo ongenakwazi ukubona kuphela iqiniso kepha futhi ukuguqula. Ngakho-ke, ukucabanga komphakathi kusho ukukwazi komuntu ukubona izenzo zenhlalo,
Ukuqaphela umgomo wokunquma
Enye yezinketho, okuvumela ukuba ucabange ngesimiso sokuthi i-determinism, hhayi inkolelo, kodwa ekusebenzeni, ukuxazulula inkinga yokuthi i-psyche ihlobene kanjani nomsebenzi wengqondo. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi i-psyche ingenye yemisebenzi eminingi yobuchopho, futhi izifundo ezihlukahlukene zenzelwe ukukhomba izindlela zomsebenzi wobuchopho, imiphumela egcina ibe yinto engqondweni. Ngakho-ke, esimweni esithile sokunqunywa kwemithetho kunquma imithetho yemvelo maqondana ne-psyche.