Ama-analgesics ama-narcotic

Ama-analgesics ayingxenye yemithi enamandla okwehlisa noma ukuqeda umuzwa wobuhlungu. Ngokwemvelo yabo, imiphumela yemithi kanye nemiphumela emzimbeni, ama-analgesics ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: i-narcotic kanye ne-narcotic.

Izidakamizwa ezingenabuhlungu nezidakamizwa

Izidakamizwa ezingezona izidakamizwa zihlanganisa:

1. Amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-salicylic acid: i-aspirin, i-salicylate ye-sodium.
2. Amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-pyrazolone: ​​i-analgin, i-amidopyrine, i-butadione.
3. Amalungiselelo asekelwe ku-aniline: i-paracetamol, i-panadol, i-phenacetin.
4. Amalungiselelo asekelwe ngama-alkanoic acid: i-diclofenac sodium, i-brufen.
5. Abanye: i-natrofen, i-piroxicam, i-dimexide, i-chlorotazole.

Izidakamizwa ezidakayo:

1. Tincture futhi ukhiphe i-opium.
2. I-alkaloids ye-opium: amalungiselelo aqukethe i-morphine ne-codeine.
3. Ama-analogues e-Semisynthetic e-morphine: i-ethylmorphine, i-hydrocodone, njll.
4. Ama-substitute for morphine: estocin, butorphanol, buprenorphine, methadone, sufentanil, alfentanil, oxymorphone, levorphanol, propoxyphene, nalbuphine, nalorphine, fentanyl, promedol, tramadol, tramal.

I-Pharmacology ye-analgesics yama-narcotic

Iningi lalezi zi-analgesiki ziyi-derivatives, synthetic noma semi-synthetic analogues of morphine. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, bangama-agonist noma ama-agonist-antagonists we-opioid (ubuhlungu) receptors.

1. Ama-Agonists: i- morphine, i-hydromorphone, i-oxymorphone, i-methadone, i-meperidine, i-fentanyl, i- alfentanil, i-sufentanil, i-remifentanil, i-levorphanol, i-oxycodone.
2. Ama-agonists ayingxenye: i- codeine, i-hydrocodone, i-propoxyphene, i-diphenoxylate.
3. I-antagonist i-agonists: i- buprenorphine, i-nalbuphine, i-butorphanol, i-pentazocine, i-nalorphine (amalungiselelo e-mix mix-agonists noma ama-agonists ayingxenye ye-receptor nabaphikisi kwabanye, okunciphisa ingozi yokucindezeleka ukuphefumula, imiphumela yamathumbu neminye imiphumela emibi).
4. Abathintekayo: i- naloxone, i-naltrexone, i-nalmefene.

Iqembu lokugcina ohlwini alubhekiseli kwizidakamizwa zezinambuzane, kodwa abaphikisi babo banezindawo zokuvimbela umphumela we-analgesics yama-narcotic. Zisetshenziselwa ukudlulela kwezidakamizwa ezidakayo ukuze zinciphise imiphumela yazo.

Imiphumela emzimbeni

Ku-analgesics yama-narcotic, lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo ziyisici:

1. Umphumela onamandla we-analgesic, owenza ukuba usetshenziselwe ukulimala nezifo ezihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu.
2. Ukuthinta isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, sibonakaliswe ngokuthokoza okukhulu, futhi kubangela ukuthembela kwengqondo nokwenyama ngokufaka isikhathi eside.
3. Ukuvela kwe-abstinence syndrome kubantu abanokuxhomekeka okuthuthukile.

Izakhiwo zemithi yemithi enjalo, ngaphezu komphumela we-analgesic, zilele, ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula nokukhwehlela komkhuhlane, ukuqinisa ithoni yesisu nesisu. Kungabangela nesicashu, ukuhlanza, ukuphazamiseka kusuka isistimu yomphakathi oyinhloko (i-hallucinations) neminye imiphumela emibi.

Inqubo yesenzo

Izidakamizwa zaleli qembu zinomthelela engxenyeni yesigqila sobuchopho, obangela ukuhlolwa ngokomzwelo, okuphazamisa ukuhlolwa komzwelo nangokwengqondo kobuhlungu, kuphazamise ukwesaba okubangelwa yilo. Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-endorphin, okuyi-agonists e-pain receptor (ie, ukucindezela), okuholela ekuvimbeleni nasekunciphiseni ubuhlungu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lomuthi, izikhungo zenjabulo nenjabulo zivulwa ebuchosheni, umuzwa wokukhanya, inqola, injabulo idalwa, okuholela ekukhuleni kwengqondo.