Phakathi kwenqwaba yama-pods, ama-peas aseTurkey ahlukaniswa uhlobo olungavamile lwezinhlamvu nezakhiwo eziwusizo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, yisisekelo senani elikhulu lezitsha zokudla zasendulo zaseMpumalanga. Lesi sitshalo sezinsimu sinomsoco ngaphambi kwazo zonke izihlobo zayo zomzimba futhi kufanelekile ukubhaliswa kuzo zonke izivande zasendlini.
Ama-peas aseTurkey (ama-chickpeas) - incazelo
Lesi sitshalo sinamagama amaningana - i-chick pea, i-polka peas, i-greas peas, i-peas peas. Ama-pods we-turkey amafushane nge-1-2 okusanhlamvu, kwamanye amabanga kuze kube yizingcezu ezingu-4, izithelo ezithintekayo ziyi-tuberculate-rough, zangaphandle zifana nenhloko yewundlu elincane. I-nut - isitshalo esibalulekile, esikhulisa egcekeni lizoletha inzuzo enkulu kumnikazi. Ngisho nokwaziswa okuncane kwezinhlanzi zama-turkey kusiza ukuhlola wonke amathemba abalulekile ekutshalweni kwawo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Yini edumile ngama-peas aseTurkey:
- I-chickpeas ingadliwa ngendlela ebilisiwe futhi eluhlaza, inani elikhulu lihlume ubhontshisi.
- Inkomba encane ye-glycemic yenza i-peas umkhiqizo obalulekile ekudleni kwesifo sikashukela.
- Ngamanani amaprotheni, ama-chickpeas angaphansi kwezingubo zokudla, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuba izitshalo kanye namaKristu asetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokuzila.
- Ema-peas aseTurkey inani elikhulu le-phosphorus, kukhona i-magnesium ne-potassium, i-riboflavin ne-lecithin, amavithamini amakhulu.
- Ngaphezu kokubaluleka kokudla, ama-peas aseTurkey angasetshenziselwa ukudla.
- Kukholelwa ukuthi ngokubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco, lezi zibhontshisi zingafaka indawo yokudla kwezinhlanzi emaxukeni okudla.
- Izitshalo ezikhunjelwe zalesi sitshalo ziwusizo futhi zihlwabusayo, futhi ufulawa oluvela kubo lisetshenziselwa ukupheka nokupheka ama-porridges.
I-Chickpea - ukufika
Ama-peas aseTurkey awawenawo izitshalo ezingenangqondo nezindayo. Ngokuvame ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esomile futhi ngemva kwemvula ibuye ivuselele izitshalo kahle, iveza isivuno esihle kakhulu. Okubi nakakhulu lolu hlobo lwezitshalo lukhula ngokuvutha okukhulu, kumangazwe yi-askohitosis, okwenza ukwehluleka kwe-ovary. Lesi sitshalo sibhekwa njengesiko esingabandeki sosuku olude, ukumelana nesithwathwa esinzima ngaphansi kweqhwa. E-Uzbekistan, ukutshala kwe-chick peas kwenzeka ekwindla.
Indlela yokutshala ama-chickpeas?
Ama-peas awagcini umhlabathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwandisa kakhulu isivuno esakhiweni, okwenza kube yisikhathi esiyigugu kuzo zonke izitshalo. Isimo esibalulekile - ukungabikho kokhula okungapheli, ukucindezela ukunakekelwa kwemibhede. Umthamo womswakama womhlabathi uthinta ukujula kwenzalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, zivaliwe ngo-6-8 cm, uma isitshalo sikhiqizwa ngesikhathi esomile, bese ukwandisa ukujula kokutshala ku-10 cm. Ukwandisa ukukhula nokwandisa isivuno, umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziselwa ukutshala i-chickpea - nitrate, i- nitroammophosco , i- superphosphate .
Izindlela zokutshala ama-pean turkey:
- umugqa (imbewu yokutshala emva kuka-15 cm),
- indlela ye-tape (uchungechunge oluthile oluthile olubekwe eceleni ne-gap encane),
- I-wide-stranded (ububanzi bemigqa phakathi kuka-45-60 cm).
Ingabe ngidinga ukucwilisa ama-chickpeas ngaphambi kokutshala?
Emthonjeni owomile, kunconywa ukuthi ugobe ama-chickpeas, ukutshala nokukhula isitshalo ngale ndlela akufani nokubunzima. Imbewu elungiselelwe ukuhlwanyela ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngamanzi futhi ishiya amahora angu-12, ishintsha uketshezi emva kwamahora amathathu. Kungenzeka, ngesikhathi esifanayo nokugaya, ukwenza ukwelashwa kwembewu ngamalungiselelo avuselela ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma. Uma inhlabathi inomswakama, khona-ke ubhontshisiwe ohlwanyela ngaphandle kokugcoba.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala ama-chickpeas?
Ukutshala ama-chickpeas entwasahlobo ezindaweni ezihlukene zezulu kuyahluka ngokusho kwesimo sezulu sendawo. Ama-agronomists ancoma ukugxila kulo mcimbi ngobuningi nokushisa kwenhlabathi. Izinhlanzi zasentwasahlobo zakuqala ukuqhuma ama-peas aseTurkey cishe azilimazi, ngakho-ke isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela ama-chickpeas sishisa izinga elingenhla lomhlaba ekushiseni kwama-5-6 ° C.
Indlela yokutshala ama-chickpeas ezweni?
Ngokungafani nama-peas, lesi sitshalo asikhiphi futhi simelana nokulala. Ukulima kwalesi sitshalo esingenakunyakazeka futhi esithambileyo kufanelana, isivuno esihle kunazo zonke ema-dachas sitholakala uma uhlwanyela emibhedeni ngokuhlukanisa okusanhlamvu ka-15 cm kuya ku-20 cm. I-Herbicide turkey ibekezelele kabi, kungcono ukuhlakulela inhlabathi yokuhlwanyela ngesandla noma ngomshini, kodwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zama-pean turkey:
- Ipulazi kahulumeni. Ikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezivuthiwe, izimila zifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingu-105. Amaprotheni ezinhlamvu - kuze kube ngu-24%, ukukhiqiza ngobuchwepheshe obuhle bokulima - 3.8 kg / 10 sq.m. Bashaqeka kakhulu yi-askohitosis.
- I-Krasnokutsky 195. Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinyosi ezivuthiwe, ezivuthiwe eziphekwe ngokuphelele. Izihlahla zalesi sitshalo zihluma, ukumelana nesomiso, ama-pods awaqedi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu uma ukhula ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho yemishini yokulima - 3,5 kg / 10 sq.m.
- I-Anniversary. Izihlahla zinika umbala wombala ophuzi-pink owenziwe kahle nge-27% amaprotheni. Umkhiqizo walezi ezihlukahlukene ufike ku-3 kg / 10 sq.m.
- Budzhak. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Ukraine nama-beige ekhanyayo, amahlumela aphelile, isikhathi sokuvuna izinsuku ezingu-90. Isitshalo sikhiqiza ku-1.8 t / ha.
Ama-peas aseTurkey - ukuchelela
Ukuze izikhukhukazi zivumelane nezimo ezikhulayo ezimweni ezishisayo, ukuchelela okwengeziwe kuyadingeka kuphela eminyakeni eyomile. Ukugcoba okuphezulu kwamahlumela e-turkey ngamanzi kubangele ukulimala, okufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwezifo ezifungayo. Uketshezi oluthola kuma-pods lubangela ukuqhekeka kwabo kokuqala. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ungabi amanzi, kodwa ngqo umhlabathi, ugweme ukupompa ngokweqile kwamaconsi emaceleni. Yeka ngokuphelele ukuphuza i-pea yaseTurkey ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa lapho inqubo yokufa kwemvelo yensimu eluhlaza kwenzeka.
Ama-peas aseTurkey ama-chickpeas - ukugqoka okuphezulu
Abantu abaningi bathanda ama-peas, kodwa abafundile ukuthi bakhule kanjani isitshalo, bethembele ekubambeni kwemvelo. Ukwesaba ukukhulelwa akufanele kube khona, ukufaka umanyolo ngendlela efanele kukhulisa kakhulu isivuno semikhiqizo yasensimini. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza le misebenzi ngesikhathi sekwindla-entwasahlobo, ukubeka izinto zamaminerali (superphosphate) ngqo emhlabathini, noma ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo kwama-turkey peas (saltpetre).
Umthamo we-superphosphate wesitshalo esinikeziwe ufika ku-30-40 g ngehora elilodwa le-1. M, kungcono ukwethula ekwindla lapho ugoba inhlabathi. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa, ama-peas adinga i-nitrogen, okulula ukuhlinzeka ohlelweni lwempande ngosizo lwe-saltpetre. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenziwa lapho amahlumela efinyelela ukuphakama kwama-5-8 cm ngesilinganiso se-10-15 g ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-nitragin ngesisekelo se-nodule amabhaktheriya, okwandisa kakhulu isivuno saso sonke isitshalo esimisiwe, sithole ukubuyekezwa okuhle.
I-peas yaseTurkey - ukunakekelwa
Lesi siko sakha izihlahla ezide (50-60 cm), kodwa aziqambi amanga enhlabathini futhi aziphiki njengama-peas. Ingozi enkulu ye-pea yaseTurkey yokhula oluhlala njalo, elibhujiswa yi-weeding. Ama-peas aseTurkey athuthuka kahle kuyo yonke inhlabathi ngaphandle kwe-loamy esindayo, amaxhaphozi, ngokutholakala kwamanzi okuseduze. Kudingekile ukuba silwele ukubeka imbewu ezinkathini zokuqala, lapho kusekhona inhlabathi igcwele umswakama, okudingeka ukuba kuhlume kahle futhi kuvumelane ukuhluma kwamabhontshisi.
Ukubonakala kwamahlumela okusheshayo kusheshisa ukupakisha komhlaba ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Uma inhlabathi igubungile i-crust, futhi amahlumela ayengakabonakali, bese ukhululeka ngomhlabathi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina umhlaba uhlanzekile kunokhula. Izakhi zofuzo eziphumelelayo zokwenza izinkukhu azikho, ukutshala, nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile zenziwa ngama-dachas ikakhulukazi ngesandla.
Ukulima kwezinkukhu - izifo nezinambuzane
Kunezinkinga ezintathu eziyinhloko ezilindele umuntu ofuna ukukhulisa i-pea yaseTurkey engadini:
- Ifosholo yekotini - i-butterfly umbala obomvu-ophuzi, ubeka amaqabunga amaqanda. Kuzo zivela emacimbini aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aphuzi kuze kube ngu-50 mm ubude, bedla amapheshana ama-pods namabele.
- I-fly fly - inkathazo, ibeka amaqanda kumahlumela e-turkey peas. Izibungu ezibonakalayo zenza amaqabunga emaqabunga, inqwaba eluhlaza yesitshalo iphenduka iphuzi, ifa, isivuno siyancipha.
- I-Ascochitis yisifo esithinta ama-chickpeas eminyakeni yemvula. Kubonakala njengamabala aphuzi okwe-oval emaqabunga neziqu. Ubhontshisi obugulayo abuyikukhula, imbewu ilahlekelwa ukubonakala kwayo nokuhluma.
Ukulwa nezinambuzane zisebenzisa Karate, Zolon, Decis , Actellik , Inta-VIR. Ngaphezu kwezinambuzane eziqinile, i-aktofit i-agent ye-biochemical, ufulawa ogwayi, kanye nohlaka lwamapulangwe asetshenziswa. I-ascohitosis igxiliwe ngokutshala izitshalo ngesisombululo se-1% sulfure, futhi kuhlwanyelwe izinhlobo ezinqabile. Kunconywa ukuthi ungakhulumi ama-peas aseTurkey kwenye indawo eyodwa iminyaka eminingi elandelanayo, okwenza isikhashana seminyaka engu-3-4.