I-autumn kanye nentwasahlobo - isikhathi lapho umzimba womuntu uvame ukutheleleka kwezikhathi ezithile, amakhaza, lapho uphawu oluvame ukukhwehlela. Namuhla, izinkampani ezenza imithi zinikeza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zokukhwehlela eziphumelelayo namaphilisi. Ngokukhetha okunjalo okukhulu, kuphakama umbuzo wemvelo: yiziphi izidakamizwa ezizozikhetha?
Izinhlobo zokukhwehlela kubantu abadala - izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa
Imvelo ngokuhlakanipha ilungiselele umzimba womuntu, ihlinzeka ngomzimba ngezindlela zokuzivikela kanye nezitho ezikhipha konke ukungcola, amabhaktheriya, amagciwane kanye ne-toxin. Enye yalezi zivikelo zokuzivikela ukukhwehlela - isenzo sokuziphendulela somzimba, okuhloswe ngaso ukuqeda ukukhwabanisa okwenziwe ngenxa yokuvuvukala noma ukungena ohlelweni lokuphefumula lwento yangaphandle.
Kungani kukhwehlela?
Isistimu yezitho zomzimba zokuphefumula ihlanganiswe ne-epithelium ethintekayo, ephethe imisebenzi yokuzivikela emelene nama-pathogenic agents. Ngokumelene nesimo sokukhubazeka kwesifo sokuzivikela, ukwehluleka kwenzeka emzimbeni kanye nezifo eziphilayo ziwela emthonjeni, wehla ngezansi emigwaqeni yokuqhaqhazela, futhi uma ungapheli izifo ezihambisana nokukhwehlela - inqubo yokuvuvukala ingafinyelela emaphashini.
I-reflex ye-cough ivela ku-medulla oblongata. Izimbangela zokukhwehlela:
- umsebenzi wokuzivikela (umvikeli);
- Umsebenzi wokuhlanza - ukukhululwa komuthi owuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-sputum, i-mucus, ipus, uthuli, izinhlayiya zokudla.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kokukhwehlela:
- Ukuphefumula okukhulu okuhlala njalo imizuzwana 2-3 kuhambisane nokucasuka kwe-reflex kwemizwa yezinzwa ze-larynx, kanti ukuvala umlomo kuvala.
- Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisipha ye-bronchial ihileleke kule nqubo, futhi izwi layo liyanda.
- Imisipha yomzimba iqala ukuvumelanisa ngokuqinile ukunqoba ukuphikiswa kwe-glottis evaliwe.
- Ngenxa yomsindo ophezulu we-intrathoracic, i-vocal cavity ivuleka futhi ukukhishwa kwamandla okuphoqa ngokwehlukana kwe-sputum kwenzeka.
Izinhlobo zokukhwehlela
Ukuhlukaniswa kokukhwehlela kuboniswa amaqembu amabili:
- ukukhwehlela owomile ;
- ukukhwehlela okumanzi .
Ukukhwehlela okumile (okungazalanga) kubonakala ngokungabi khona kwe-sputum ehlukanisiwe, kwahlukaniswa izinhlobo:
- ukudumaza;
- i-paroxysmal;
- eside, isikhathi eside, ngokuthambekela kokuvela ekuseni.
Izimbangela zokukhwehlela owomile:
- uphawu lokuqala i- ARVI , umkhuhlane kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula;
- imikhuba emibi (ukubhema);
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwezifo ezithintekayo.
Ukukhwehlela okumanzi (okukhiqizayo) kuhambisane nokuhlukaniswa kwe-sputum:
- i-paroxysmal, nokushabalalisa izimpawu emva kokukhwehlela;
- i-viscous, ne-sputum "engenakubonakala".
Izimbangela zokwakheka kokukhwehlela okumanzi:
- ukutheleleka;
- i-asthma ye-bronchial;
- i-cystic fibrosis;
- i-pneumonia;
- i-sinusitis;
- i-bronchitis yokuvimbela;
- isifo sofuba.
Amathebulethi asebenza kahle
Ukuze ukwelaphe ukukhwehlela kwakuphumelele, udinga uthintane nodokotela noma isazi se-ENT. Ukuzihlolisisa lapha akuyona into engathandeki, ngoba noma yikuphi ukukhwehlela akuyona isifo, kodwa isibonakaliso, nokwenza ukuzikhethela kwemithi, ungakwazi ukweqa isikhathi esiyigugu, futhi lesi sifo singaba nzima. Amaphilisi e-Antitussive ahlukaniswe:
- amaphilisi avela kukhwehlela owomile;
- amaphilisi avela ekukhwehleleni okumanzi.
Amathebulethi avela kukhwehlela owomile
Ukukhwehlela okunomsoco kunesimo esibi, esiphazamisayo, asiletheli impumuzo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ebusuku nasekuseni. Isikhumba asikhiqizi, ngakho-ke asikho ukusetshenziswa kuwo. Imizamo embi, ukukhwanyisa ukuqeda isiguli. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthatha amaphilisi okukhwehlela, okuyinto ezokwenza ngokucindezelayo esikhungweni sokukhwehlela.
Amathebulethi anomkhuhlane owomile:
- izidakamizwa ezine-codeine (i-narcotic), isenzo esiphakathi (umphumela oqondile esikhungweni sokukhwehlela ku-medulla oblongata);
- izidakamizwa eziphikisanayo zesenzo sangaphakathi (sendawo).
Izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-Codeine zibhekisela ezidakamizweni zezinambuzane futhi ziyasetshenziswa kakhulu ngokweqile ngenxa yomphumela ohlangothini wokulutha umlutha, zikhishwa kuphela emtholampilo. Amathebulethi aqukethe i-Codeine:
- I-Terpinkod;
- Kodelak;
- I-Codterpine;
- Tedein;
- Caffetin;
- Nurofen plus.
Ama-Antitussive ama-action of peripheral amelwe emakethe yezokwelapha ngokuningi. Ukukhethwa kwezidakamizwa kungcono kakhulu kunikezwe udokotela. Izidakamizwa ezinokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe:
- I-Libexin - amaphilisi angabizi kodwa asebenzayo ngokumelene nokukhwehlela;
- I-Ambroghexal - ukusizwa kuvela ngosuku lokuqala noma lwesibili;
- I-Bithidion - amaphilisi amnandi ngokumelene nokukhwehlela, imiphumela emibi ayibalulekile;
- Omnitus - kunciphisa ukuhlaselwa okunzima kokukhwehlela;
- Umphumela we-Glaucin-antitussive engakapheli isigamu sehora ngemva kokuphathwa;
- I-Falimint - isidakamizwa sinomphumela wokuphumula kwi-bronchi;
- I-Tusuprex - hhayi umlutha.
Amathebulethi avela ekukhwehleleni okumanzi
Kusho ukukhwehlela okumanzi kunqatshelwe ngokuvunyelwa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwe-codeine ne-antitussive agents. Amathebulethi avela ekukhwehleleni okumanzi aqala ukusebenza esigabeni, lapho ukukhwehlela kuveza. Imithi yokukhwehlela okumanzi (expectorant):
- I-Mukaltin - amaphilisi aqukethe izitshalo ze-althea ezitshala izihlahla, ezinezakhiwo ze-expectorant;
- I-Ambroxol yisidakamizwa esabizi kakhulu sokukhwehlela okumanzi;
- I-bromhexine - i-ejenti ephumelelayo e-mucolytic ene-effect expectorant ezinkingeni ze-bronchial;
- I-GeloMirtol forte - idonsa umcibisholo onamahloni futhi uyisuse ku-bronchi;
- I-Ascoril - ibonisa i-phlegm, ikhulula ubuhlungu esifubeni.
Amalungiselelo ekhwehlela ahlangene
Imithi ye-Antitussive yezenzo ezixubekile inezakhiwo eziningana eziwusizo:
- ukucindezelwa kwe-reflex yokukhwehlela;
- ukukhishwa kwe-sputum;
- ukuvuselela kwe-expectoration;
- ukukhululeka kokuvuvukala;
- umphumela we-antibacterial kanye ne-antiviral.
Amathebulethi okukhwehlela ngesenzo esihlanganisiwe:
- I-Stoptussin - iyeka i-reflex yokukhwehlela futhi inempahla e-mucolytic;
- I-ATSTS Amathebulethi ase-Long-effervescent avela kukhwehlela - abe nemiphumela engcolisayo neye-expectorant, isetshenziselwa ukukhwehlela nge-sputum e-viscous;
- Amathebulethi avela kukhwehlela ne-thermopsis - ikhambi elingabizi futhi lemvelo elisetshenziselwa ukukhwehlela owomile (likhiqiza), futhi uma limanzi (likhuthaza ukuphuma kwe-sputum);
- I-Kodelak Broncho - imiphumela yokulwa ne-antibacterial, anti-inflammatory kanye ne-expectorant;
- I-Vix Active - ikhuphula futhi ibonisa imfihlo ye-bronchial.
Amathebulethi okukhwehlela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, owesifazane angase athole ukwehla kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza futhi abe yingozi ekubandeni. Ukwelapha ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kubalulekile, kodwa ukuthi ungalimazi kanjani umntwana ozayo. Udokotela kufanele akhethe amaphilisi ngomphumela omncane wokubala. Uhlu lwamaphilisi okukhwehlela angasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
- UDkt. Thais;
- I-Travisil;
- I-Bronchicum;
- Mukaltin;
- I-Bromhexine (II-III trimester).
Ungathatha kanjani amaphilisi ukukhwehlela?
Isilinganiso kanye nesikhathi sokuqokwa kufanele sikhethe udokotela. Imiyalo ejwayelekile yokusetshenziswa iboniswa ekufakweni kwezidakamizwa. Amathebulethi avela kukhwehlela athathe ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokudla, izikhathi ezintathu - 4 ngosuku, wageza ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Izimali zesikhathi eside zisetshenziswe isikhathi 1 ngosuku. Inkambo yokwelashwa yinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-7. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuzivocavoca akuphephile empilweni.