I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - ukulima, izici zobumba bebumba

Hlala i-artichoke e-Jerusalem ewusizo futhi engenakuzithoba, ukulima kwalesi sihlobo "sesifo sofuba" sithatha isikhathi esiningi futhi kusiza ukuthola ukwesekwa okumnandi ekudleni kwansuku zonke. I-pear yomhlabathi ngokubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco ayiphansi kunazo zonke amazambane, kodwa inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokwelapha nezokudla.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ibukeka kanjani?

AmaNdiya aseBrazil ase-Tupinamoas isizwe sokuqala ukwethula lesi siko sokudla kubantu baseYurophu. Amakholoni asheshe aqaphela ukubaluleka kokuthola futhi anikeze isandla ekusakazeni komhlaba emhlabeni jikelele. Isitshalo se-artichoke saseJerusalema siyakulungele ukukhula ngefolda, i-tuber ingadliwa. Ngokusakazwa kwamazambane, ukuthandwa kwayo kuye kwehla kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwamaqanda umhlaba ukhula ngokukhululekile kuwo wonke amazwekazi endle.

Kukhona izimpande ezibomvu, eziphuzi, ezimhlophe nezibomvu ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema, ezifana nezimo ze-ginger rootlets. Ukunambitheka okukhulu kumelela okuthile phakathi kwe-turnips, isoso se-asparagus, i-artichoke noma iklabishi, okufanele ukwenze izitsha eziningana okumnandi. Ingxenye engenhla yomuthi ifana nesitshalo se-sunflower, esivumelana eduze nayo. Iziqu zimbozwa nge-villi emfushane, ukuphakama kufinyelelwa uma kukhula u-3 m, ukufumba kwe-orange kuphezulu.

Isiko jikelele jikelele i-artichoke yaseJerusalema, ukutshalwa kwe-green mass inikeza i-silage, i-haylage, ifolishi exubekile. Kusukela ezilimo eziyizigaxa zenza isaladi, izitsha eziphekwe nezitshisi, ukudla okusemathinini. Izimpande zithandwa yizinogwaja, izingulube, izimvu nezinkomo, ziphakamisa ubisi kahle futhi zikhulise isisindo sazo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-artichoke yaseJerusalema kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, usawoti ubeka, i-anemia, ne-low acid acid. Isithelo sesitshalo sinconywa kakhulu njengesithako esiwusizo esifo sikashukela.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - izinhlobo

Ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo zezitshalo zemifino, ukwakha inqwaba eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa izimpande ezincane ze-artichoke zaseJerusalema, nezinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kokudla nokwanda kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Kukhona izitshalo zakuqala nokuphuza, ezinye izinhlobo zivuthwe hhayi ngaphambi kukaNovemba futhi azifaneleki isimo sezulu esibandayo. Okwamanje, ama-hybrids angaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu namalimi alo masiko asetshalwe. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa zangempela, ezithole ukusatshalaliswa okuncane esifundeni sethu, zikhishwa.

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-artichoke zaseJerusalema zokukhula:

1. I-Leningrad - uhlobo oluthile, kodwa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimhlophe ezivuthayo zingavuthwa ngokugcwele eNyakatho-West yaseRussia, ezifanelekile ukugcina isitoreji sasebusika.
2. I-Omsk emhlophe - ezihlukahlukene ezivuthiwe, iziqu zikhula ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili, imifino imifino isisindo esingaba ngu-50-55 g.
3. I-Skorospelka - ihlanganisa izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimhlophe ezimnandi ezizwakalayo, ukuvuthwa kwesitshalo ekuqaleni, zihlukile ekukhuleni kweqhwa.
4. I-Vulgothsky - izitshalo zezimpande zesitshalo ziphuzi, isikhathi eside, isivuno - ngaphezu kuka 100c / ha. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-artichoke zaseJerusalema zingatshalwa eNyakatho-West naseNyakatho yeRussia.
5. Intshisekelo - ezihlukahlukene zizobheka abalandeli abatshala isitshalo ezindaweni ezishisayo. Iziqu ze-artichoke zaseJerusalema zinamandla, zakha, ziveza isikhathi sokuvuthwa.
6. Ngokushisa - ukuvuthwa kwesikhathi, izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula zibe ngu-60g, izihlahla zikhulu. I-artichoke yase-Jerusalem enhle kakhulu, ekhula emikhiqizweni inokwenzeka ezindaweni eziningi.
7. I-Pasko - ukuvuthwa kwephuzile, ephakemeyo, ifaka ngesikhathi sokutshala izimpande zohlobo oluzungeza umbala omhlophe kuze kube ngu-80 g.
8. Ukuthola sekuphelile, ukuvumela, okufanelekile ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
9. Izindaba ze-VIR - isivuno samapheya angokwesibhakabhaka angama-35t / ha, i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ingahlonywa ngendlela efanele.
10. I-Volzhsky 2 - ifomu izithelo eziphakathi kwe-pear, ezimhlophe ngamachashazi aphuzi, ezingamelana nokushisa, zithelela kufika ku-200t / ha.

Indlela yokutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema?

I-artichoke yaseJerusalema ikhulile njenge-monoculture yaminyaka yonke noma njengamanye amazwe ezindaweni ezikhethiwe. Emapulazini bakhetha ukhetho lokuqala, kodwa ku-cottage noma yiziphi izindlela ezenzekayo kuncike ekuhlosweni komlimi wezitshalo ozibekela wona. Ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwenhlabathi ngephepha eliphakathi kwe-pH 6.0-7.7, lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle ekukhanyeni kokukhanya. Ukutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema kuyinto efiselekayo emibhedeni yelanga noma emthunzini omnyama. Ungakwazi ukukhula iminyaka emibili emkhakheni we-dacha, futhi uthathe indawo embizeni ucingo.

Ukutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema

Lapho ukhetha ukutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema, ukhetho olufanele nokuphathwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa lidlala indima ebalulekile. Thatha isilinganiso ngesayizi ngezinkukhu zamaqanda ezinkukhu futhi zifakwe emanzini esisombululo se-manganese ebomvu obomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukucubungula izilimo eziyizigaxa ku-stimulator yeZircon, ukwandisa ukuhluma nokusheshisa ukukhula kwamahlumela. Emigqeni ihlelwe ngamasentimitha angu-30, ikhulile nebanga phakathi kwemigqa - kuze kufike kuma-80 cm, kuye ngokuthi yizinhlobonhlobo. Ukujula kokutshala ipear yodaka yi-12-15 cm. Uma i-artichoke yaseJerusalema isomisiwe ngaphambi kokutshala, iyancibilikiswa ngokuyibeka emanzini.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - imbewu yokutshala

Ukuphindaphinda kwembewu yalesi siko ngama-amateur akuvamile ukusetshenziselwa ukulima, kufanelekile ukuzalisa izinhlobo ezintsha uma uthenga izinto ngeposi. Kubalulekile ukulinda iminyaka embalwa ukuze uthole isivuno esigcwele sepey zobumba ngale ndlela. I-artichoke yaseJerusalema lapho kuhlwanyela kanye nokuhlwanyela imbewu ngonyaka wokuqala kungcono ukukhula ezinkalweni, ngoba ehlobo uzothola amahlumela amancane noma amahlumela. Ngentwasahlobo sifunda izimpande ezincane bese siwafaka emhlabathini.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - isikhathi sokutshala

Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, umsebenzi usuphelile amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokufika kwamaqhwa aqinile. Ngemuva kokubeka izilimo eziyizigaxa emgodini, umhlabathi usuke unqunywe ngama-rakes. Ukutshala i-artichoke yaseJerusalema entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sihambisana nokutshala kwamazambane, ezindaweni eziningi ziqala ukukhiqizwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli emva kokushisa inhlabathi, iholwa izimo zezulu.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalema - ukunakekelwa nokulima

Sibhekene nesitshalo esiqinile kakhulu esikhula ezindaweni eziningi ngisho nokhula, kodwa eshiye ngaphandle kokunakekelwa izitshalo zakha izitshalo ezincane ezingenayo impahla. Embuzweni wokuthi kufanele ukhule kanjani i-artichoke yaseJerusalema endaweni evulekile, kubalulekile ukugcwalisa izimo eziningana eziyisisekelo ezizosiza ukuthola izithelo eziphakeme ezingapheli zomhlaba wamapheya omnandi.

Indlela yokukhulisa i-artichoke yaseJerusalema:

1. Emva kokutshala senza ukukhululeka kwenhlabathi, sisusa utshani obunzima embhedeni.
2. Izithombo zivela ngemva kwamasonto amabili.
3. Ukuqala kokuphakama kwezinhlanzi kwenziwa ngesikhatsi amahlumela afinyelela ku-0.4-0.5 m.
4. Izihlahla ezindala ezineziqu zamamitha angu-1 nangaphezulu kunesifiso sokubopha kweseyili noma ezisekelweni zokhuni.
5. Siyakhula uma sikhula.
6. Ukusika izimbali kusiza ekukhuleni ukuze kutholakale izivuno ezingcono zezimapheya zobumba.
7. Sifaka i-artichokes yaseJerusalema ne-amaminerali noma ama-organic preparations.
8. Sivuna izithelo ekwindla kuze kube seqhwa noma entwasahlobo.
9. Kungenzeka ukukhipha ingxenye yombhede ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo, futhi ukumba isivuno esikhulu lapho kufika ukushisa, emhlabathini, izimpande zinyuka kakhulu. Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa imigomo yomsebenzi, ngaphandle kwalokho izilimo eziyizigaxa zizodubula futhi zizolahlekelwa yindlala.

Izwe eliphakathi kweJerusalema i-artichoke - ukuchelela

Esikhathini semvula i-artichoke iJerusalema ayizithobeki futhi ayidingi ukuphuza. Esikhathini sesomiso, lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa okuqinile emasontweni amaningana, kungenzeka ukusiza izitshalo, uchithe ama-15 amalitha amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Kusetshenziswe ekutshaleni ukufafaza noma indlela yokwelela ukuchelela. Sisebenzisa amanzi ngezinga lokushisa lika-15 ° C kuya ku-18 ° C, ngenkathi sikhula i-artichoke yaseJerusalema i-artichoke ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngekhefu lamasonto amabili.

I-artichoke yaseJerusalem - ukugqoka okuphezulu

Amahlumela amapheya asemhlabathini angadliwa ngezinkuni ngomlotha ngokubala kuze kufike ku-300 g wezinto eziyimitha engama-1 m ² yenhlabathi, okunye, umanyolo we-mineral potassium kufanelekile. Ukuxazulula inkinga, indlela yokukhulisa i-artichoke yaseJalimane ezweni, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen ne-microfertilizers. Lezi zinto ngesimo se-aqueous ziyongezwa ekukhuleni kwesibili ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Ngemuva kokuvuna kwekwindla, inhlabathi igcwele ama-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (10 g / m ² ), kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise umquba olungiswe kahle emibhedeni.

Indlela yokusakaza i-artichoke?

Ukuthenga i-tuber yezinhlobonhlobo ezintsha, singavamile ukuthi sibe nesilinganiso esifanele sokutshala izinto, ngakho-ke i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ikhula ngokuhlukanisa izilimo ezimpande zibe yizingxenye. Ukuhlakulela izicucu zamapheya ezenziwe ngamehlo enempilo, ungathola izithombo ezigcwele. Kudingeka ukushiya okungenani amaphuzu amabili okukhula ezingxenyeni ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema. Le ndlela ifanelekele ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, ekwindla akunconywa ukwehlukanisa izilimo eziyizigaxa.

I-pear tree i-artichoke - izifo nezinambuzane

Ngezinye izikhathi kunezifo zezifo e-Jerusalem artichoke, indlela yokukhulisa isitshalo eminyakeni engafaneleki?

1. I-sclerotiniosis ihlasela iziqu, okubangela ukubonakala kwebala elimhlophe. Kunconywa amahlumela abuhlungu ukushisa, nokuhlwanyela ukucubungula "Immunocytophyte".
2. Ukutshala amaqabunga kanye nokubonakala kwamabala amnyama kubangelwa ukunye, ukwelashwa kwemibhede nge-fungicides kusiza ukuvimbela lesi sifo - i-Topaz, i-Bayleton, i-Skor, i-Topsin.
3. I-Medvedku , i- scoop , i-beetle ye-May, ezinye izinambuzane ngesikhathi sokulima zibhujiswa ngamalungiselelo okugcoba - iBoverin, Anti-Medvedka, RembeK.