Ezichazamazwi zanamuhla, autarky uhlelo oluvaliwe, oluqondiswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, ngokuthembela okuphansi kwimvelo yangaphandle - isb. ubukhosi obugcwele. Umqondo ohlukile wuhlelo oluvulekile ngokuphelele, oluxhomeke emvelweni.
Kuyini ukuzimela?
I-Autarky - lo mqondo, njengabanye abaningi, uvela eGrisi lasendulo. Ekuqaleni, usebenzisa leli gama, libhekene nomuntu ongadingi usizo futhi unikeza noma yiziphi izinsiza. I-Autarky ngezinye izikhathi ididaniswe ne-autocracy, kodwa lokhu kuyimibono ehlukile futhi okwesibili kusho amandla angenamkhawulo womuntu oyedwa. Ngolwazi lwesimabhizinisi, ukuzimela ngokweqile kungukudalwa kwemigodlo evaliwe emnothweni, isibonelo, njengendlela yomzabalazo wokwabiwa kabusha kwezizinda zomnotho.
Yini eyaziwa ngefilosofi?
Ukuzikhandla ngokweqile kwifilosofi kusho ukusikeka, ukuzithiba, nokubekezela - zonke lezi zimfanelo zingabonakala yi-Homeric Greece. Igama elithi autarchy lasetshenziswa i-Aristotle ne-Neoplatonists ukuze libheke eqenjini lezingqondo zefilosofi, njenge:
- "Indoda yedwa";
- othile noma into, ekwazi ukulondoloza impilo, ukuhlinzeka ngokuphila okuzimele nokuvikela ekubhujisweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama lithinta izinguquko futhi lihlangene phakathi kwezazi zefilosofi ekudalweni kobuntu uPlotinus, Proclus nabanye abhekisele kuyo ngokuthi:
- "Umzimba we-Autarchic";
- "Umbuso wezwe lonke";
- "Umbuso we-cosmos".
UDemocritus uhlangana ngokuzenzekelayo esimweni semvelo, ukuthobeka, imvelo. Isibonelo, "ukudla okuzimele" kuhlukile kokudla okunethezeka, okungenamkhawulo. Ukuzimela ngendlela yendlela yokuphila ehlangothini lobufokazi kungumshini wezinhlaka kanye neqebelengwane elihle lebhali, okwanele ukwanelisa ukulamba nokukhathala. I-Autocracy in Democritus yinto eqinisekisa izidingo ezincane zomzimba, kodwa igalelo ekukhuleni "kokukhathazeka", "inhlalakahle yomphefumulo."
E-Plato, i-autarky inokuqala okuhlukile - lokhu akuyona okungenani, kepha kunesilinganiso esiphezulu. Ngokusho kwalesi safilosofi, autarkic cosmos "unkulunkulu ophilayo", akapheli futhi akadingi lutho, umphefumulo wakhe uhamba yonke indawo, uhlanganisa konke futhi wazi yena ngokwakhe. Kamuva, le ncazelo yokuzimela iyaqhubeka emibhalweni yamafilosofi namaKhristu abefundisi. I-Autarky iyinzuzo kaNkulunkulu, ingokomoya, ukuhlakanipha.
Ukuzimela komnotho
I-Autarky emnothweni umqondo obonisa umnotho ovaliwe oqondiswe phambili. Ukwaneliseka kanye nobukhosi obuphelele yizibonakaliso eziyinhloko zombuso ozimele, lapho amazwe amakhulu amakhulu athola khona. Ekhulwini lama-21 izimo ezinjalo zombuso azikwazi, ngisho nemiphakathi evaliwe kakhulu kanye namazwe anesibopho namanye amazwe.
Umnotho ovulekile futhi ovulekile
Ukuvulwa komnotho noma ukuzimela - ohulumeni banamuhla kakade abanakho ukukhetha okunjalo. I-Avtarkizm kungenzeka kuphela kwezinye izindawo. Isibonelo, amazwe athile angenise imikhiqizo yokudla engeniswa ngaphakathi, enza i-block evaliwe kule ndawo yokukhiqiza, enomphumela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni amapulazi alo mbuso. Amazwe amancane njengamanje awakwazi ukusekela ngokuzimela, ayikwazi ukunikeza abantu konke okudingekayo.
I-Avtarkia - izinzuzo nezindleko
Isimiso se-autarky njengamanje sitholakala kakhulu eNyakatho Korea, kodwa ngisho nezwe lilokhu lihileleka emnothweni wezwe. Ukuzikhandla okunjalo (isikhathi esifushane) kunomphumela omuhle ekukhiqizeni okufuywayo, ngoba abantu baphoqeleka ukuba bathole kuphela lokho okukhiqizwa ekhaya, ngakho-ke ukufunwa kwezimpahla kuhlale kuphakeme. Ukunciphisa uhlelo olunjalo kuhlobene ngokuqondile ne-plus, ngoba akukho lutho olungathengwa ngaphandle kwempahla eyenziwe ngokwayo.
I-Autarky emnothweni womhlaba wonke
Abacwaningi bezomhlaba baye bafakazela ukuthi ukuzithelela kudala umonakalo omkhulu emnothweni wezwe kanye nabakhileyo kuwo. Inqubomgomo yokuzimela njengomthetho wezomnotho wezwe ibhekwa ngezibonelo eziningana eziqinisekisa le mbono.
- I-USSR - ubukhosi besikhathi eside bezwe buholele ekubuyiseleni ubuchwepheshe bezwe, ngakho amandla amakhulu namuhla kunomphela kuphela umphakeli wezinsiza zamandla. I-Autarky isetshenziswe nguhulumeni njengesivikelo ngokucindezelwa kwangaphandle.
- IJalimane, iJapane, i-Italy - lawa mazwe phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili wasebenzisa ukuzisebenzisa njengendlela yokuqhubekisela phambili ukubuyiswa kwezwe, kanye nokuqinisa amandla phezu kwabantu. Inqubomgomo yokuzimela ikhonjiswe ekuthuthukiseni umnotho.
- E-Afghanistan, i- autarchy yabusa kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2001 phakathi nohulumeni weTaliban.
- EU.SA - leli zwe laliseduze nemigomo yokuzimela ngokuqondile kusukela ngo-1807 kuya ku-1809 ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa, lapho uMongameli uJefferson ebizwa ngokuthi yi-embargo yokuzithandela.
- U-Austria-Hungary wahambisana ne-autarky kusukela ngo-1867 kuya ku-1918. Lokhu yisibonelo esihle kuphela, ngoba ubukhosi bekungokwemvelo, futhi izwe alincike emakethe yomhlaba.