Ukuphila komuntu kusekelwe emithethweni ethile yokuziphatha esiza ekunqumeni okuhle nokubi. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi umuntu ungubani futhi yiziphi izimiso ezitshaliwe kulo mqondo, nakuba kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi.
Kuyini ubuzwe nobuntu?
Lo mqondo uvela egameni lesiLatini, elihumusha ngokuthi "umuntu". Umuntu wesintu ngumuntu ohlukanisa izimiso zomuntu womuntu. Okusho ukuqaphela ilungelo lomuntu wenkululeko, intuthuko, uthando, injabulo njalonjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphika ukubonakaliswa kwanoma yiluphi udlame oluphila kubantu. Umqondo wokubambisana kwabantu ubonisa ukuthi isisekelo sezwe jikelele yikhono lomuntu ukuzwelana nokusiza abanye. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwesintu akufanele kuhambisane nezithakazelo zomuntu ngamunye.
I-Humanism e-Philosophy
Lo mqondo usetshenziswa emazingeni ahlukene, kufaka phakathi ifilosofi, lapho kuboniswa khona, njengendawo yokuzimela yabantu ngaphandle kwemingcele. Kunezici eziningi ezisiza ukuqonda incazelo yobuntu:
- Ngomuntu ngamunye, abanye abantu kufanele babe yizindleko eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi kufanele babe kuqala ngaphambi kokubheka izinto, izinto ezingokomoya, ezenhlalo nezemvelo.
- Efilosofi, ukuhlonipha abantu yisimo esichaza ukuthi umuntu uyigugu kuye futhi kungakhathaliseki isimo sakhe senhlalo , ubulili, ubuzwe kanye nokunye umehluko.
- Enye yezimfundiso zobuuntu ithi uma ucabanga kahle ngabantu, ngokuqinisekile bayoba ngcono.
Ubuntu Nobuntu - Umehluko
Abaningi bavame ukudidanisa lezi zindinganiso, kodwa empeleni, banezici ezimbili ezivamile nezihlukanisayo. I-Humanism kanye nesintu kukhona imibono emibili engenakulinganiswa okusho ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo ngabanye inkululeko nenjabulo. Ngokuqondene nomuntu, kuyisici esithile somuntu oveza isimo sengqondo esihle kwabanye abantu. Yakhiwa ngenxa yokuqonda okuqaphele nokusimeme kokuhle nokubi. Ubuntu nokubambisana kwabantu kukhona imibono ehlangene, ngoba yangaphambili yenziwa ngokulingisa izimiso zalokhu okulandelayo.
Izimpawu ze-Humanism
Eyaziwayo yizici eziyinhloko zokubambisana kwabantu, okuveze ngokugcwele lo mqondo:
- Ukuzimela . Imibono yokubambisana kwabantu ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nendawo engokwenkolo, emlandweni noma emqondweni. Izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwezwe ngokuqondile lixhomeke ekuthembekeni, ukwethembeka, ukubekezelelana nezinye izimfanelo.
- Okubalulekile . Izindinganiso zokubambisana kwabantu zibalulekile ekusungulweni kwezenhlalakahle futhi ziyizinto eziyinhloko.
- Ukungafani . Ifilosofi yobuntu kanye nemibono yayo isebenza kubo bonke abantu nanoma yiziphi izinhlelo zenhlalo. Emibonweni yezwe ekhona, umuntu angaphumelela, ngoba wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuphila, uthando nezinye izici.
Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko kobuntu
Okushiwo ubuntu kubangelwa ukuthi kuwo wonke umuntu kukhona amathuba okuthuthukiswa noma sekukhona isintu, lapho ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa yokuziphatha nokucabanga kwenzeka. Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ithonya lemvelo, abanye abantu nezici ezihlukahlukene, kodwa kuphela umuntu ophethe kuphela futhi owenza iqiniso. Izindinganiso ze-Humanistic zisekelwe enhlonipho, enobumnene nangokwenembeza.
Ubuntu - Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlawulo eziningana zabantu, okungafani nalokho okukhethwa kukho. Uma sigxila emthonjeni womlando kanye nokuqukethwe, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zabantu: ifilosofi, ikhomanisi, amasiko, isayensi, zenkolo, ezemvelo, izigqila, ama-feudal, ezemvelo, ezemvelo kanye nezikhululekile. Kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi luhlobo luni lokubaluleka kwabantu okubaluleke kakhulu:
- abantu - bahlala ngenjabulo yabantu;
- amalungelo abantu - ukukhuthaza amalungelo nenkululeko yabantu bonke;
- i-pacifist - abantu-abagcini bezokuthula, abalwa nakho konke okulimazayo emhlabeni;
- umphakathi - ukunikeza usizo kubantwana, abantu abakhubazekile nabanye abantu abaswele.
Umgomo wobuntu
Umuntu kufanele athuthukise futhi athole ulwazi oluthe xaxa futhi athuthukise amakhono azobuya emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yezenhlalo nezomsebenzi. Ukubukwa kwezwe okubonisa abantu kubonisa ukuhlonipha izindinganiso zomthetho nezokuziphatha zomphakathi nokuhlonipha izimiso zomphakathi. Isimiso sokubambisana kwabantu sisho ukugcinwa kwemithetho eminingi:
- Isimo sengqondo esifanele emphakathini kubo bonke abantu, ngaphandle kokucabangela isimo somzimba, impahla kanye nesimo senhlalakahle.
- Ukuthola lokho okushiwo umuntu, kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngomgomo owodwa: ilungelo lomuntu wonke ukuba abe nguye kufanele lihlonishwe.
- Kubalulekile ukuqonda uthando njengesinyathelo ekubhekiseni ubuntu, okungafanelekile ngokusekelwe ekuhawukelweni nesihawu, kodwa ngesifiso sokusiza umuntu ukuba ahlangane emphakathini.
Ubuntu Ezweni Lwanamuhla
Muva nje, imibono yokubambisana kwabantu ishintshile, futhi ilahlekelwe nokubaluleka kwayo, ngoba umphakathi wanamuhla imibono yobunikazi kanye nokwaneliseka, okungukuthi, inkolo yemali, ifike phambili. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mqondo wawungewona umuntu onomusa ongeyena ohlukile kumzwelo wabanye abantu, kodwa umuntu ozenzayo futhi akaxhomeki kunoma ubani. Izazi zengqondo zikholelwa ukuthi lesi simo siholele umphakathi ekupheleni kokufa.
Ukuphila komuntu kwanamuhla kuthatha indawo yokuthanda isintu ngokulwela ukuthuthukiswa kwayo okuqhubekayo, okuyinto eyathinta ngokuqondile incazelo yangempela yalo mqondo. Izinto eziningi zokulondoloza amasiko ezintu zingenza isimo, isibonelo, imfundo yamahhala nemithi, ukukhulisa inkokhelo kubasebenzi bezezimali kuzokuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi zibe ngamaqembu. I-ray yethemba ukuthi akuyona yonke into elahlekile futhi ubuzwe emphakathini wanamuhla bungasakwazi ukululama, ngabantu abangakabizi abangazi ukubaluleka kobulungiswa nokulingana.
Imibono yokusebenzisa abantu eBhayibhelini
Amakholwa alondoloza ukuthi ukuzenzela abantu ubuKristu, ngoba ukholo lushumayela ukuthi bonke abantu bayalingana futhi badinga ukuthandana futhi babonise ubuntu. Ubuntu lobuKristu buyinkolo yothando nokuvuselelwa kwangaphakathi kobuntu bomuntu. Ubiza umuntu ukuba aqede ukukhonza nokuzidela kwabanye abantu. Inkolo yobuKristu ayikwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kokuziphatha.
Amaqiniso mayelana nokuphila kwabantu
Le ndawo ihlotshaniswa nolwazi oluningi oluthakazelisayo, ngoba iminyaka eminingi, ubuntuntu bubekwe ngaphansi kokuhlola, kulungiswa, bekuncipha njalo njalo.
- Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile u-A. Maslow kanye nosebenza nabo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engu-50 bafuna ukwakha inhlangano enhle ezobheka ukubonakaliswa kobuntu emphakathini nge-psychology. Kwakunqunywe ukuthi ekuhambeni okusha endaweni yokuqala kufanele kube ukuziqhenya kanye nokuzikhethela. Ngenxa yalokho, i-American Association of Humanistic Psychology yadalwa.
- Ngokombiko, umuntu wokuqala weqiniso uFrancesco Petrarca, owabeka indoda emzimbeni njengomuntu othakazelisayo nokwanelisayo.
- Abaningi banesithakazelo kulokho igama elithi "ubuntu" lihambisana nokusebenzelana nemvelo, ngakho-ke lisho isimo sengqondo sokucophelela imvelo nokuhlonipha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ama-Ecohumanists afuna ukuphinda avuselele izici ezilahlekile zendalo.
Amabhuku mayelana nokuphila kwabantu
Isihloko senkululeko yomuntu kanye nokufaneleka komuntu kusetshenziswe njalo ezincwadini. I-Humanism kanye nosizo kuyasiza ukucabangela izici ezinhle zomuntu nokubaluleka kwabo emphakathini nasemhlabeni wonke.
- "Balekela inkululeko" E. Kusuka ku- . Le ncwadi inikezwe izici ezingokwengqondo ezikhona zamandla nokuthola ukuzimela komuntu siqu. Umbhali ubheka ukubaluleka kwenkululeko kubantu abahlukene.
- "Intaba ethi Magic" nguT. Mann. Le ncwadi ichaza ukuthi umuntu ungubani, ngokusebenzisa ubuhlobo babantu abaye balahlekelwa injongo yokuphila futhi kubo ubuhlobo babantu buza kuqala.