Iso lomuntu lisebenza njenge-lense lapho i-lens isabela khona ekukhanyeni kwemisebe elula. Ukuze uqinisekise umbono ovamile, kufanele ube obala ngokuphelele. I-Cataract iso i-clouding ye-lens. Lokhu kubangela ukuwohloka okuphawulekayo kwombono kuze kugcwalise ukuphoyisa.
I-Cataracts - Izimbangela
I-pathology echazwe yithinta iningi labantu emhlabeni, lithinta wonke umuntu wesithupha ohlala eMhlabeni eneminyaka engama-40 ubudala nangama-75% asebekhulile, engaphezu kweminyaka engu-80 ubudala. Ekuhunyushweni okuvela olimini lwesiGreki, igama lesifo esichazwayo lizwakala sengathi "i-waterfall spray". Ihlukanisa ngokunembile ukuzwa komuntu one-cataract iso, unjani lo mzwa, njengokungathi ubheka emanzini anomsindo, isithombe si-turbid futhi singenangqondo, siphambene.
Isici esiyinhloko esibangele ekuthuthukiseni isifo esethuliwe siguga. Izinguquko zomdala emzimbeni ziholela ekuguqulweni kwamaprotheni, okuyi-lens. Lokhu kubangela ukulahlekelwa kokubala kanye nokonakala kwekhono lokuphikisa nokudlulisa ukukhanya. Ukucaciswa kwe-lens yeso - kubangela ukuthi akuhlobene nokuguga:
- i-ecology;
- izifo nokuhlukunyezwa kwamehlo;
- ukubhema;
- imisebe;
- ukufeza;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine;
- imithi ethile;
- i-beriberi.
I-Cataract - izimpawu
Ukubonakaliswa komtholampilo oyinhloko we-clouding lens ukuwohloka kokubukhali nokucaca kombono. Izinga lezizinto zifiphakile, izinto zingaba kabili noma zifiphaze phambi kwamehlo. Ezinye izimpawu ze-cataract:
- ukunciphisa noma ukwanda kwe-photosensitivity;
- ushintsho embala womfundi, ukutholakala kwe-gray, yellow, hue white;
- ukuwohloka kombono wombala (umhlaba uyancipha);
- ubusuku, ubumpumputhe bokukhanya;
- ama-halos, ama-glare, amabala, ama-stroke nezinye iziphambeko phambi kwamehlo;
- ukukhathala okusheshayo ne-eye strain.
Izimpawu ezinjalo ze-cataract azikwenzeka njalokanyekanye. Ukubukeka nokuqina kwabo kuhlukile ezigulini ezahlukene ze-ophthalmologist, ebeka uhlobo lwesifo. Kwamanye amacala, amehlo angaboni. Kuxhomeke endaweni ye-opacity eyinhloko lens. Uma kutholakala endaweni yangasese, kude nendawo, umbono uhlala uqondile futhi ucacile, umbono wemibala awushintshi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-cataracts ezikhona?
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pathology kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo emi-3 - umsuka wesifo, indawo ye-turbidity ku-lens kanye nezinga lokuvuthwa kwalo. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinkinga:
- ubudala (senile);
- i-traumatic;
- ibhola;
- ukuzalwa;
- i-toxic;
- obangelwa izifo ezivamile zomzimba;
- kunzima (nge-inflammation ehambisanayo).
Ngokuhambisana nendawo ye-lens eye iso, i-cataracts ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- phambili, polar yangemuva;
- indawo yokwehlukanisa
- okwenziwe nge-spindle;
- inyukliya;
- subcapsular ephansi;
- i-cortical;
- ukuqedela (inani).
Into yokugcina ehlukanisa i-cataract yisilinganiso sokukhula kwayo:
- okokuqala;
- i-immature;
- ukuvuthwa;
- ngaphezulu.
Yini engozini ye-cataracts?
Ukuhlukunyezwa okuyinhloko kwezifo ezichazwe yikulimala okuphawulekayo kombono, kuze kuphele ukulahlekelwa okuphelele. Iminye yemiphumela ingacaciswa kalula, ukwazi ukuthi i-cataract ye-eye iqala kanjani, ukuthi iyini nokuthi yini ehambisanayo. Lesi sifo sithuthuka njalo futhi simele inqubo engenakuguqulwa yokufaka i-lens. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesakhiwo seprotheyini ekubunjweni kwayo, ama-tissue anzima futhi anzima. I-lens ayigcini nje iqine, kodwa iphinde ikhulise ngobukhulu, obhekene nezinkinga ezinjalo:
- ukunyuka kwe-intraocular ;
- i-glaucoma (eyesibili, i-cataract iyisisusa somphumela wayo);
- ukwephulwa kwegazi ekuhloleni;
- umthwalo okhuphukile emgodini we-optic nezinye izakhiwo;
- ukuwohloka kombono wendawo;
- ubumpumputhe obungaphenduki.
I-Cataract - Ukuxilongwa
Lesi sifo sidideka kalula nezinye izifo ze-ophthalmic. I-cataract yokuqala ezimpawu zifana nobude obude noma i-myopia, engabangeli ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubantu. Ophthalmologist onolwazi kuphela ongazihlola lesi sifo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa:
- i-biomicroscopy iso;
- ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus ;
- uphenyo lwezinkambu ezibukwayo;
- ukulinganisa kwengcindezi ye-intraocular;
- i-keratometry;
- ukulinganisa komngcele wokuzwela kagesi;
- i-gonioscopy;
- ukuhlolwa kwekhono le-nertic optic;
- ukusebenzisana kwe-optical tomography.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cataract ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa
I-lens turbidity yinqubo engenakuguqulwa, ehambisana nokuwohloka okungapheli kombono. Indlela kuphela yokubhekana nalesi sifo ukuhlinzeka, kodwa abantu abaningi bazama ukwenza ukwelashwa okungavunyelwe ukwelashwa kwe-cataract. Imizamo enjalo yokwelashwa ngeke iphumelele, udokotela ohlinzayo uzobe esadingeka ukuba afake isicelo, kuphela esiteshini sezinyanga ezedlule.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cataract ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ngezidakamizwa
Imbonini yezemithi inikeza izixazululo ezikhethekile zokulwa nalesi sifo. Noma yimaphi amaconsi avela ku-cataracts - lokhu kuyindlela nje yokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwayo kanye nokukhetha kokuvimbela. Abazisi ukuqeda ukushaywa kwe-lens noma ukuthuthukisa ukucaca kombono. Ama-ophthalmologists anika izixazululo ezinjalo ngaphambi kokusebenza, njengendlela yokulungiselela, noma emva kwayo, njengokwelashwa kwesondlo esikhathini sokuvuselela. Amaconsi anconywe:
- Ngokuvamile i-Katachrom;
- I-Quinax ;
- I-Vitafakol;
- I-Catalin;
- Vita-Yodourol;
- Qatarax;
- Senkatalin;
- Ujala;
- I-Cataxol;
- Hrustalin;
- I-Reticulin;
- I-Taufon ;
- I-Emoxipine.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Cataract ngamakhambi abantu
Imithi yokwelashwa engenamandla ngaphambi kokuba i-pathology, izazi ziphikisana ngokuyinhloko ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani bengasebenzi, kuzosiza ekutadisheni indlela amehlo e-cataract athuthuka ngayo, ukuthi yini. I-opacities ekhona ku-lens ayikwazi ukuhlanzwa, ilula, noma ngandlela-thile ithinteke ngayo. Zizoqhubeka zikhula ngosayizi, futhi zisakaze, zishintshe isakhiwo samaphrotheni ezinhlakeni zeso.
Emithi yokwelapha, ukwelashwa kwe-cataract ngembewu ye-dill kuyathandwa. I-tbsp engu-1. i-spoon le spice ifakwa ezikhwama ezihlanzekile zelineni, emva kwalokho ziwela emanzini abilayo imizuzu emibili. Ukunciphisa okunjalo okufudumele kufanele kugcinwe amehlo okwesine kwehora, kusuka phezulu ukuze uwahlanganise ngethawula. Phinda inqubo abantu odokotela bayeluleka ekuseni nakusihlwa.
I-Cataract ye-eye - operation
Ukuphela kwendlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha i-lens enezintambo kungenela ukungenelela. Ngosizo lwaso, kuqeda ngokuphelele noma iyiphi i-cataract, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ezinyathelweni zakuqala zokuvuthwa kwayo, nasezinyathelweni eziseduze. Inqubo yesimanje kunazo zonke i-phacoemulsification ye-ultrasonic. Lokhu kuyisenzo sokususa i-cataracts, eyenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo.
Phakathi nenqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukuchotshozeka okuncane emehlweni, kusuka ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.8 mm. It injects tip of device, phacoemulsifier. Wenza ukunyakaza kwe-ultrasonic oscillatory yemvamisa ephezulu. Lokhu kuholela ekuguqulweni kwe-lens mass ibe emulsion, esuswa esweni. Kukhona ukususwa kwe-cataract kanye nezakhiwo zeprotheni ezonakele. Esikhundleni sobukhulu obukhishiwe, i-lens intraocular ifakiwe.
Ukushintshwa kwe-lens nge-cataract kuqhubeka kufika kumaminithi angu-45. Umbono ubuyela ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa isiguli singabuyela ekhaya. Ukulungiswa okukhethekile emva kokuhlinzwa akudingeki. Ophthalmologists batusa kuphela ukukhawulela imithwalo yokubukwa kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10. Akukho ukuphindaphinda kwalesi sifo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuvimbela izidakamizwa
Ukuziqhenya kwe-pathology ehlolwayo ngokungenakuphikelela nokuqhubekela phambili okuqhubekayo. Ngisho nangemva kokufunda ngokugcwele isihloko esithi "i-cataract eye" - ukuthi yintoni, ukuthi lesi sifo sibonakala kanjani nokuthi siyayiphatha kanjani, akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-pathology. Odokotela bacebisa ukunamathela emithethweni ejwayelekile yokulondoloza impilo ebonakalayo. Lokhu akuqinisekisi ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo, kodwa kusiza ukunciphisa ubukhulu bemiphumela eyenza ukwenziwa kwe-lens iso, okumele ukwenze ukuze unciphise amathuba okuqhubeka kwesifo:
- Hlanganisa nokudla okulinganiselayo.
- Ungabhemi.
- Vikela amehlo emisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
- Buka ukucindezeleka okubukwayo.