I-placenta yizicubu ezixhunyaniswe ngosizo lapho ukushintshaniswa kwezinto eziwusizo nemikhiqizo yomsebenzi obalulekile emkhatsini womama ne-fetus kuyenziwa. Ku-fetus, ifakwe yintambo yomlomo. I-placenta inikeza nomzimba wengane ngokuvikelwa kwe-immunological: idlula emzimbeni umntwana wesifo somzimba womama. Ngaphandle kwe-placenta, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwe-fetus esiswini kungenakwenzeka.
Iqoqo le-placenta ngendlela ejwayelekile yokukhulelwa kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba ingane izalwe. Ngokusho kwezibalo, inqwaba yamaphoyisa e-placenta ingakapheli kwesinye sezimo ezingu-80. Kusukela ngamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu kuya kwangu-30 amahlanu amacala anjalo okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amacala asele enkundleni ye-placenta aqoshiwe ngesikhathi sokubeletha, esikhathini sokuqala.
Izimbangela zezinqola ze-placenta
Inqola ye-placenta kubesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuvamile iyenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala. Endaweni evamile ye-placenta, izimbangela zamasosha ayo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili:
- Iqembu lokuqala lezizathu . Ukuze kube ne-provocateurs abathonya ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ngokuqondile: i-nephropathy noma i-toxicosis ephuzile, eqhubeka isikhathi eside, futhi ingelapheki ngokuphelele. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izifo zezinso, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukwephulwa kwengcindezi yegazi, isifo sikashukela , ukuphazanyiswa kwe-cortex e-adrenal, igciwane le-thyroid. Futhi nezifo zegazi, ukulimazeka kwesibeletho kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwe kuyo, i-systemic lupus erythematosus. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungalingani kwe-Rh factor kanye namaqembu egazi omntwana kanye nomama ne-perenashivanie.
- Iqembu lesibili lezizathu . Kuhlanganisa izinto ezivusa ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi uma kwenzeka izinkinga ezikhona: i-fetus enkulu, ukuhlukunyezwa kwesisu, ukunqwabelana kwezindonga ze-uterine ngenxa yokukhulelwa okuningi noma ama-polyhydramnios. I-Polyhydramnios ingabangela ukuphuma okungazelelwe, okusheshayo nokuphuthumayo kwe-amniotic fluid, okwesabisa ukufaka i-placenta. Ukuhlukunyezwa kokubambisana kwemisebenzi yezivumelwano ze-uterine nokusetshenziswa okungafundiwe kwezidakamizwa ze-uterotonic ngenkathi kubeletha ezimweni eziningi kuba yizikhukhula zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.
Lezi zimbangela ezingenhla zibangelwa ukuthi kungani i-placenta ibonakala: iphazamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezindonga zesibindi kanye ne-placenta, kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwezitsha futhi kubangele ukubola kwegazi (retrocolocular hematomas).
Izimpawu zokuqothulwa kwamapayipi
Izimpawu zensimbi ye-placental ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zixhomeke esikhathini sokukhulelwa kanye nezinga lokukhubazeka. Inqola ye-placenta yezinga lokuqala lokuqinela ezinkathini zokuqala akuyona eyingozi njengezinsuku zakamuva. Lokhu kuboniswa ukuphuma kwegazi kancane. Ngesilinganiso sokuqala sobunzima ingane ayihlupheki. Kulokhu, amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 we-placenta exfoliates. Njengoba ukwelashwa okufanele, ukukhulelwa kuyaqhubeka ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Uma ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kwenzeka ngesigamu (izinga lesibili lobukhulu), khona-ke kukhona ingozi yokutholakala kokuyingozi ekutholeni i-placenta - fetal hypoxia, okuvame ukuba yimbangela yokufa kwakhe. I-Detachement ye-placenta ingabangela ukubola kwesisu kwe-female. Khona-ke umsebenzi oyinhloko usindiso lomama.
Ukuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kuhambisane nobuhlungu besisu, umfutho wegazi ophezulu wesibeletho, umsebenzi we-heart of the fetus okhubazekile. Ubukhulu besithathu obunzima bokuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kuhambisana nokuphazamiseka okuphelele kwe-placental kusuka esibelethweni. Kulesi simo, okuyingozi kunazo zonke kubonakala, okuyinto esongela inqola ye-placenta ukufa kwe-fetus.
Ukwelashwa kokucubungula okuphansi
Ukwelapha, okokuqala, kuxhomeke ekucindezeleni kwe-pathology kanye nesikhathi esaqala ngayo. Kwaphela amasonto angama-20, ukukhulelwa kuzama ukugcinwa nokugcinwa ngendlela efanele. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okugcwele, odokotela bakhuthaza ukubeletha, futhi uma inqola ingabalulekile, owesifazane angakwazi ukubeletha yedwa. Ngenkampani enkulu ngosuku oluthile, isigaba sokudla senziwa.
Izimpawu ezisemtholampilo eziboniswa kancane ziyisibonakaliso sokungenisa esibhedlela owesifazane okhulelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo sesistimu ye-coagulation siqapha futhi sihlolwe besebenzisa i-ultrasound ku-dynamics.