I-Ischemia yobuchopho ekusanda kuzalwa yinkinga yokugula okuhlobene nokudla okwanele oksijini. Ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela izitsha ezincane kuyathinta ukujikeleza kwegazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphi izizathu, ukwelashwa okungaqaliwe kuholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.
I-cerebral ischemia ezisanda kuzalwa - iyini?
Kuze kube ngu-85% kuzo zonke izimo ze-ischemia ezirekhodiwe ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo cishe amaphesenti angama-70 kuwo wonke ama-pathologies akhona ngisho nasesikhungweni se-intrauterine yentuthuko. Ukukhulelwa kwe-Ischemic kuhlotshaniswa nokubunjwa kwegazi legazi emkhunjini odla ubuchopho, noma ukuthuthukiswa ngokwanele komkhumbi ngokwawo. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sibhaliswe kubantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinqunyiwe, ngaphambi kwesikhathi .
Ngenxa yokusakazeka kahle, ubuchopho buba khona oksijini. Endaweni lapho kunokuntuleka khona okukhona, izindawo ze-ischemia - izicubu ezonakalisiwe zakhiwa. Ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa okwelashwa okufanele ezinyathelweni zakuqala kuholela ekukhuleni komthamo wezicubu ezithintekile, kwandisa ingozi yokugaya isisu ebuchosheni.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - izimbangela
Ngokuvamile, i-cerebral ischemia ezinsana zenzeka ngisho nasemasontweni okugcina okukhulelwa, kodwa kungenzeka ukuyihlakulela enkambeni yokuzalwa. Phakathi kwezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa zezokwelapha zihlukanisa okulandelayo:
- ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwamapayipi noma ukugeleza kwegazi okukhubazekile kuwo;
- ukuphonsa insimu embilical ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwe-fetus ngendlela ejwayelekile;
- ukwephulwa kwegazi lokujikeleza kwegazi emntwaneni;
- izinkinga zesimiso senhliziyo;
- i-intrauterine hypoxia ;
- ukungakwazi kahle kwe-placental;
- ukuvulwa komgwaqo ovulekile.
Ukuvusa ischemia izici ezihlobene nokukhulelwa ziyakwazi:
- i-toxicosis ngasekupheleni;
- ukukhulelwa okuningi ;
- ukungabi namanzi;
- ukuguqulwa kokuqala.
I-cerebral ischemia - degrees
Isici se-pathology sisifo sokuthola isifo sokuqala - lesi sifo sitholakale kungakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemva kokuzalwa kwengane. I-ischemia yobuchopho emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa inqunywe yiziphambeko zesici ekuhloleni izizindla. Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa ukukhuphuka kokuxubha kwe-carbon dioxide, ukugcwala okwanele kwe-oxygen. Kuye ngesithombe somtholampilo kanye nezimpawu eziqaphele, ischemia ye-cerebral of the newborn ihlukaniswe ngama-3 degrees.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho be-1 degree ezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa
I-ischemia ekhanyayo noma isisemia ye-cerebral yezinga eli-1 libhekwa ngokuba khona kwezibonakaliso ezincane ze-pathology. Isibalo sitholakala ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-3-5, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ukuziqeda kwayo kubonakala. Ngezinga elilula odokotela balungise:
- ukujabula okwesaba noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, isimo esicindezelweyo esanda kuzalwa;
- ukunciphisa ithoni ye-muscle;
- ukuqiniswa kwe-tendon reflexes.
Ngezinga elithile elithile lokukhubazeka, uma kungenakunzima yilokho, odokotela basebenzisa amaqhinga okulinda. Ukuze kutholakale usana olusanda kuzalwa, kuyasungulwa umbono oshukumisayo, ukuvivinywa ngezikhathi ezithile ze-reflex, isimo somntwana jikelele sihlolwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-5, lokhu kuyimithi ye-cerebral ezinganeni ezishayalala, ukuqhubeka kwe-pathology nge-treatment efanele kungavamile ukugcinwa.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho esanda kuzalwa ngezinga lesi-2
I-cerebral ischemia yebanga lesi-2 ezinsana zivela ngenxa yezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Kulolu hlobo lokukhubazeka, odokotela babhala izimpawu ezilandelayo:
- I-apnea ebizwa ngokuthi (ukuyeka ukuphefumula ephusheni);
- ukwehla emsebenzini we-reflex - ukucabangela nokucubungula ukucabangela kuphulwa;
- ithoni ye-muscle ebuthakathaka;
- ukulahlekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile kolwazi;
- ukungabi nokusebenzisana;
- ukwanda komthamo wekhanda ngenxa yokuqoqwa kohlobo oluthile kuwo.
Ngokuvamile i-cerebral ischemia ezinsaneni zibonakalisa ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila, izimpawu ezikude zesifo zingenzeka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili no-4. Isikhathi sonke somntwana sihlolwe ngokucophelela odokotela, kuqhutshwa ukwelashwa okhethekile. Kwamanye amacala, lapho kukhona khona izinkomba, ukungenelela kokusebenza ukuze ususe i-clot yegazi, ubuyekeze ubuciko bomkhumbi wegazi lungabhalwa.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho bezinga lesithathu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
Leli fomu le-pathology linempawu ephawulekayo, ngakho-ke ishaemia ye-cerebral yebanga lesi-3 ezinsana isivele inqunywe ngeminithi emihlanu yokuphila. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso ezinkulu zokuphula kufanele kube:
- ukuqedela ukungabikho kokucabanga;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coma;
- inhliziyo isigqi disorder;
- ukwanda okweqile kwegazi;
- ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokuphefumula.
Ngezinga elithile lezifo, umoya wokuvuthwa wokufakelwa uvame ukudingeka. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zidluliselwa enyunithi yokunakekelwa okukhulu, lapho ihlala ihlolwe khona. Ukwelashwa okwesikhashana futhi okulungile kusiza ukugwema imiphumela embi yesifo, ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga, kungabandakanyi umphumela omubi we-cerebral ischemia enganeni.
Izimpawu ze-cerebral ischemia ezinsana
Izimpawu ezicacile zalesi sifo kwenza kube lula ukuzibona ekuqaleni. I-cerebral ischemia ezinganeni ihambisana nesithombe esitholakala emtholampilo. Phakathi kwezibonakaliso ukuthi umama omncane kufanele aqaphele ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuzalwa kwengane, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa okulandelayo:
- ingane ijabule kalula, ihlale ikhala ngenxa yesizathu esicacile;
- ukulala okuncane kwengane, ukugcoba ephusheni;
- ukubukeka kwezandla nezinyawo;
- ukwehla komsebenzi wemoto;
- ukwanda kwemithombo;
- umthunzi we-marble wesikhumba;
- ukuphazamiseka, ukukhishwa kwekhanda nemilenze;
- ukuphazanyiswa komgogodla wamathumbu: ukuvimbela, ukuqotshwa, isifo sohudo.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho ezinsana - ukwelashwa
Ngaphambi kokwelapha i-cerebral ischemia ezinsana, odokotela baqhuba izifundo eziningi ukuze babone imbangela yokugula. Ukuqedwa kwesici esabangela lesi sifo, akubandakanyi ukuthuthukiswa kokubuyela emuva. Umgomo wenqubo yokwelapha nge-ischemia ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi okuvamile nokuqeda imiphumela. Kule nkinga, i-degree 1 yesifo ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa - odokotela banqunyelwe ekuqokweni kwe-massage yokwelapha.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho esanda kuzalwa 2 no-3 degree idinga ukusebenzisa imithi. Kwezinye izimo, lapho imbangela yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kuba khona kwe-clot yegazi ku-lumen yomkhumbi, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungenziwa. Ukusebenza kuhilela ukubuyiswa okuphelele kwegazi. Ukukhipha imiphumela ye-cerebral ischemia, inkambo ende yokwelashwa okubuyiselwayo inqunyelwe ingane.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho - ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa
Kuye ngokuthi i-cerebral ischemia yengane, ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngabanye. Ukwelapha ngokwemithi yezinsana ezinalesi sifo kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamaqembu alandelayo wemithi:
- izidakamizwa ze-vasodilator - zisiza ukubuyisela ukujikeleza kwegazi, ngcono i-oxygen enikezwa ebuchosheni;
- ama-nootropics - buyisela umsebenzi wobuchopho;
- ama-diuretics - ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwe-edema, ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa kobuchopho ebuchosheni.
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezilawa maqembu ezidakamizwa, okuvame ukusetshenziswa kabanzi yilokhu:
- I-Ceraxon;
- Pentoxifylline;
- I-Piracetam;
- I-Actovegin.
Ukubhubhisa nge-cerebral ischemia ezinsana
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, i-cerebral ischemia ezinganeni njalo ihambisana nokuncipha kwethambo le-muscle. Lokhu kudinga izinqubo ezithile ze-physiotherapeutic, phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekile ethatha ukuhlakulwa kwezokwelapha. Ngenkathi yenqubo, nge-stroking elula nokuchayeka ezindaweni ezithile zomzimba, kukhona ukwanda kwamandla emisipha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubuyiselwa kwama-reflexes angekho, imishini yomsebenzi ibuyela emuva evamile.
I-Ischemia yobuchopho emndenini osanda kuzalwa - imiphumela
Ukuqaliswa kokwelapha okwesikhashana kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga. I-pathology ye-degree e-1 ivame ukudlula ngaphandle kokulandelana komzimba omncane. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa okuphawulekayo, ama-degree amabili wesifo, abazali bangaqopha imiphumela ethile ye-cerebral ischemia ezinsana, phakathi kwabo:
- ikhanda lomntwana;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- ukucasula;
- ukwehla komsebenzi wemoto.
Ebiza imiphumela ye-cerebral ischemia ezinganeni zezinga lesithathu, odokotela bathi:
- Ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri ;
- ukunakekelwa kwesimo esingenalutho ;
- ukunciphisa kwamakhono engqondo.