I-Epstein-Barr virus igxeka ama-pathologies eziningana ezithathelwanayo nge-acute course kanye nezimpawu ezithile. Enye yazo isifo sikaFilatov noma i-mononucleosis, esitholakala ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo kuhlolisiswa kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula ukubhekana nayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
I-mononucleosis ezinganeni - siyini lesi sifo?
I-pathology ecatshangelwayo isifo esithathelwanayo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi esihlasela igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngokuvuvukala kwamathisini e-lymphoid. I-mononucleosis ezinganeni ithinta amaqembu amaningana ezinhlobo:
- Ama-lymph nodes (konke);
- amathani;
- isitha;
- isibindi.
I-mononucleosis isakazwa kanjani ezinganeni?
Indlela eyinhloko yokusakaza lesi sifo kubhekwa njengomoya. Vala ukuthintana nomuntu onegciwane kungenye indlela ejwayelekile, njengoba i-mononucleosis isakazwa, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "izifo zokuwanga". Igciwane lihlala likwazi ukusebenza endaweni yangaphandle, ungatheleleka ngezinto ezivamile:
- amathoyizi;
- izitsha;
- ilineni;
- amathawula nezinye izinto.
Isikhathi sokuxubha se-mononucleosis ezinganeni
Ukukhubazeka akuyona isifo esithathelwanayo, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe azenzeki neze. Ngemuva kokutheleleka, i-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo ezinganeni ayiveli ngokushesha. Ubude benkathi yokukhushulwa buxhomeke kwizinga lomsebenzi wokuzivikela. Uma isimiso sokuzivikela sibuthakathaka, cishe izinsuku ezingu-5. Imvelo enamandla ingalwa ngokumelene negciwane kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezimbili. Ukuqina kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuyathinta indlela i-mononucleosis eyenzeka ngayo ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kulula uma isimiso sokuzivikela sinamandla. Ubude obuphakathi kwesikhathi sokutshala isikhathi kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-20.
I-Mononucleosis - ukuthi ingane isandulela kanjani?
I-agent causative yesifo se-Filatov isakhiwe kwamanye amaseli emzimbeni kuze kube phakade futhi ivuselelwe ngezikhathi ezithile. I-viral mononucleosis ezinsaneni zithelela emasontweni angu-4-5 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, kodwa ibeka abanye ingozi. Ngaphansi kwethonya lanoma yiziphi izici ezingaphandle zinciphisa igciwane, amasosha we-pathogenic aphinde aphindwe futhi aphume ngamathambo, ngisho noma ingane iphilile ngaphandle. Lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu, abathwali be-Epstein-Barr virus - cishe u-98% wabantu bomhlaba.
Iyini ingozi ye-mononucleosis ezinganeni?
Kuvela imiphumela engalungile ezimweni ezivelele, kuphela ngesidalwa esibuthakathaka noma okunamathiselwe kokutheleleka kwesibili. I-mononucleosis elula kakhulu ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa, ukutholakala nokuqala ngesikhathi esifanele, kusize ukuvimbela noma yiziphi izinkinga. Ukubuyiswa kuhambisana nokubunjwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza eliphikelela, ngenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka kabusha okungenzeka kungenzeki, noma kudluliselwa ngokungenakuqondakala.
Imiphumela embi ye-mononucleosis ezinganeni:
- i-paratonzillitis;
- i-otitis media ;
- i-pneumonia ;
- i-sinusitis;
- i-neuritis;
- umlomo we-follicular ;
- i-hemolytic anemia;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kahle;
- ukuphuka kwengubo ;
- ukuqhuma isikhumba (njalo ngama-antibiotic).
I-mononucleosis ezinganeni - izimbangela
I-agent causative ye-Filatov's isifo ukutheleleka komndeni we-herpes. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr ezinganeni ngokuvamile lihlala ngenxa yokuhlala njalo ezindaweni zokuxubana (izikole, izinkulisa kanye nezinkundla zokudlala). Isizathu saleso sifo kuphela ukutheleleka nge-mononucleosis. Umthombo wokutheleleka yinoma yisiphi isithwathwa segciwane lapho ingane ihileleke khona eduze.
I-mononucleosis ezinganeni - izimpawu nezimpawu
Isithombe se-clinical of pathology singashintsha ngezikhathi ezahlukene zesifo. I-mononucleosis ephathekayo ezinganeni - izimpawu:
- ubuthakathaka;
- ukuvuvukala nokuzwela kwama-lymph nodes;
- i-catarrhal bronchitis noma i- tracheitis ;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
- ubuhlungu emalungeni nasemisipha ngokumelene nesimo se-lymphostasis;
- ukwandisa ngobukhulu besipere nesibindi;
- isiyezi;
- i-migraines;
- umkhuhlane uma ugwinya;
- ukuqhuma okwenziwe emlonyeni;
- ukutholakala ku-SARS ne-ARI.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa izifo ezifanayo kanye ne-mononucleosis ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr liqinisekiswa kuphela emva kokuxilongwa ngokuphelele. Indlela kuphela enokwethenjelwa yokubona ukutheleleka embuzweni ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngisho nokuba khona kwazo zonke lezi zimpawu akubonakali ukuqhubeka kwesifo sikaFilatov. Izimpawu ezifanayo zingase zihambisane nazo:
- i-rubella ;
- i-diphtheria;
- i-angina;
- i-listeriosis;
- I-Tularemia;
- i-rubella;
- i-hepatitis;
- i-pseudotuberculosis nezinye i-pathologies.
Rash nge mononucleosis ezinganeni
Ukubonakala kwesikhumba kwesifo esichazwe kwenzeka ezinhlokweni ezimbili:
- Ukuqaliswa kwegciwane le-herpes. Izimpawu ze-mononucleosis ezinganeni ngezinye izikhathi zihlanganisa ukwakheka kwe-vesicles ne-turbid liquid emlonyeni ophezulu noma ophansi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezine-immunity ezibuthakathaka.
- Ukwamukelwa kwama-antibiotics. Ukwelapha kokutheleleka kwesibili kwenziwa ngama-antimicrobial agents, ikakhulukazi i-Ampicillin ne-Amoxicillin. Ezinganeni ezingu-95%, ukwelapha okunjalo kuhambisane nokuqhuma, uhlobo lwalo olungakacaciswanga.
Inhlanzi ne-mononucleosis
I-pathology idala igciwane le-Epstein-Barr - izimpawu zokungeniswa kwayo emzimbeni zithinta njalo izicubu ze-lymphoid, kufaka phakathi amathoni. Ngokumelene nesizinda sesifo, izigulane zibomvu kakhulu, zivule futhi zivutha. Lokhu kubangela ubuhlungu nokushaywa emqaleni, ikakhulukazi uma ugwinya. Ngenxa yokufana kwesithombe somtholampilo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa i-angina ne-mononucleosis ezinganeni - izimpawu eziyinhloko kanye nokwelashwa kwezi zifo zihlukile. I-tonsillitis iyilonda le-bacterial futhi ingelashwa ngama-antibiotics, kanti isifo se-Filatov singokwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane ngeke zimsize.
Ukushisa nge-mononucleosis
I-hyperthermia ibhekwa njengenye yezimpawu zokuqala zesifo. Ukushisa komzimba kuphakama kumanani amancane (37.5-38.5), kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside, cishe izinsuku ezingu-10 noma ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yesifo somkhuhlane, kwezinye izimo, i-mononucleosis ezinganeni kunzima ukubekezelela - izimpawu zokudakwa ngokushisa zibuhlungu kakhulu inhlalakahle yengane:
- ukulala;
- ikhanda;
- ukuxhuma;
- ama-aches emajoyini;
- ukudweba ubuhlungu emisipha;
- izikhukhula ezinzima;
- isiyaluyalu.
Ukuhlola igazi nge-mononucleosis ezinganeni
Lezi zimpawu azibhekwa njengesisekelo sokuxilongwa. Ukuze kulungiswe, ukuhlaziywa okukhethekile kwenziwa nge-mononucleosis ezinganeni. Iqukethe ekutadisheni kwegazi, ngesifo sikaFilatov ku-fluid biological:
- ukutholakala kwamaseli atypical - mononuclear;
- ukwehla kwenani lama-leukocyte;
- ukwandisa ukuhlushwa kwe-lymphocytes.
Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ngegciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Kunezinketho ezimbili zokuziqhuba:
- Ucwaningo lwe-Immunofermental. Ukusesha ama-antibodies (immunoglobulins) ukutheleleka kwe-IgM ne-IgGk egazini.
- I-Polymerase chain reaction. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo (igazi, umsila, i-sputum) lihlaziywa ngokuba khona kwe-DNA noma i-RNA virus.
Indlela yokuphatha i-mononucleosis ezinganeni?
Kuze kube manje, ayikho imithi ephumelelayo engavimbela ukwanda kwamaseli asakazekayo. Ukwelashwa kwe-mononucleosis ezinganeni kunomkhawulo wezimpawu ze-pathology, ukukhululeka kwenkambo yayo nokuqinisa umzimba jikelele:
- Imodi yama-half bed. Into eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ingane ngokuthula, hhayi ukulayisha ngokweqile ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
- Isiphuzo esifudumele kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kusiza ukuvimbela ukungena emanzini ngokushisa, kuthuthukise ukubunjwa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ukungenisa iziphuzo ezivuthiwe.
- Ukuhlanzeka komlomo ngokucophelela. Odokotela batusa ukugcoba emva kokudla okulodwa bese uxubha amazinyo akho izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku.
Ukwelashwa kwe-mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo ezinganeni kungase kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwama-pharmacy:
- Antipyretics - Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen. Ukushisa kunganciphisa uma kuphakama ngaphezu kwama-38.5 degrees.
- Ama-Antihistamine - Cetrin, i-Suprastin. Imithi ngokumelene nezifo zisiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zokudakwa.
- I-Vasoconstrictive (yendawo, ngesimo samaconsi) - iGalazolin, i-Ephedrine. Izixazululo zinikeza ukukhululeka kokuphefumula komzimba.
- I-Antitussive - i-Broncholitin, i-Libexin. Lezi zidakamizwa ziyasebenza ekwelapheni i-tracheitis noma i-bronchitis.
- Ama-antibiotics - Ampicillin, i-Amoxicillin. Kubekiwe kuphela uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kokutheleleka kwesibili kokuvela kwamagciwane, isibonelo, uma i-angina ye-purulent iqala.
- Corticosteroids - Prednisolone, i-Methylprednisolone. Amakhemikhali akhethwe ukwelashwa kwezimo ezingavamile (inkinga ye-pathology engahlosiwe, ukusongelwa kwe-asphyxia ngenxa ye-edema ebizwa ngokuthi yi-tonsils nezinye izimo ezisongela ukuphila).
Ukudla nge-mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo ezinganeni
Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lilimaza izitho ze-lymphoid, enye yazo isibindi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukudla okukhethekile kunconywa nge-mononucleosis ezinganeni. Okungcono kakhulu izikhathi eziningana, kodwa njalo (izikhathi ezingu-4-6 ngosuku) ukudla. Zonke izidakamizwa neziphuzo kumele zihanjiswe ngendlela efudumele, ngezinhlungu zomzimba ezinzima ngesikhathi sokugwinya kungcono ukugubha noma yikuphi ukudla okucasulayo. Ukudla okunomsoco kuthuthukiswa, hhayi ukugcwala isibindi, ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaprotheni, amavithamini, amafutha nemifino, ama-carbohydrate.
Imikhiqizo elandelayo ivinjelwe noma ingabanjwanga:
- inyama enenhlanzi nenhlanzi;
- ama-hotries ashisayo;
- othosiwe futhi obhakwa izitsha ezidliwayo;
- izimpande ezinamandla neziphuzo ezicebile;
- izimoto zemikhumbi;
- imikhiqizo yokubhema;
- izinongo ezibukhali;
- ukulondolozwa;
- noma yikuphi ukudla okunomsoco;
- utamatisi;
- ama-sauces;
- amakhowe;
- amantongomane;
- i-strawberry;
- i-garlic;
- inyama nge-imikhiqizo;
- anyanisi;
- iklabishi;
- isithombo;
- isipinashi;
- isithombo;
- amafutha ashizi;
- izithelo ze-citrus;
- i-raspberries;
- amakhabe;
- isinkwa esimnyama;
- amapheya;
- Amaswidi ngamabhotela nama-cream ayisikhilimu;
- ushokoledi;
- amakhekhe;
- i-cocoa;
- ubisi lonke;
- iziphuzo ze-carbonate, ikakhulukazi ezithandekayo.
Izitsha ezinconyiwe ngenkathi ukwelashwa:
- izimbali zemifino nezobho;
- inyama yokudla, inhlanzi (ebilisiwe, igobile, ifakwe izingcezu, ngendlela yama-meatballs, ama-cutlets, i-mousse nezinye izinto ezivela enqotweni);
- isinkwa esimhlophe sangozolo, ama-biscuits;
- ukhukhamba;
- ama-porridges abilisiwe nama-mucous emanzini;
- i-casseroles;
- imikhiqizo yobisi yamafutha aphansi;
- isaladi yemifino, funda;
- izithelo ezimnandi;
- ama-apula abikiwe;
- amabhisikidi omile, ama-biscuits;
- i-kissels;
- ama-aprikoti omisiwe aqoshiwe, imifula;
- itiye elibuthakathaka noshukela;
- jam;
- uju;
- i-pastila;
- i-marmalade;
- ukuqoqa izithelo ezomile;
- i-decoction yezinqamu ze rose;
- i-cherry;
- ama-apricot;
- Ama-Peaches (ngaphandle kwe-peel), ama-nectarines;
- amakhabe;
- namanje amanzi amaminerali;
- i-herbal tea (mhlawumbe i-sweeten).
Ukubuyiswa ngemva kwe-mononucleosis ezinganeni
Izinyanga eziyisithupha ezilandelayo kusukela ngesikhathi sokuthola ingane kufanele ziboniswe ngezikhathi ezithile kudokotela. Kuyasiza ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe yikuphi ukulimala okubangelwa yi-mononucleosis ezinganeni - izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okuchazwe kahle akuqinisekisi ukuvikeleka ekulimaleni kwesibindi namathiski we-pleen. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwenziwa kathathu - ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-1, 3 no-6 kusukela ngosuku lokuvuselela.
Ukubuyiswa emva kwe-mononucleosis kuhilela ukugcinwa kwemisebenzi eminingi ejwayelekile:
- Ukuthintelwa kwemithwalo. Kubantwana abaye bahlenga kusukela ekuhloleni okuhlolwayo, izidingo ezingaphansi esikoleni kufanele zihanjiswe. Kunconywe ukugwema ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, ingane ngemuva kokugula isalokhu ibuthakathaka futhi isheshe ikhathele.
- Khulisa isikhathi sokuphumula. Odokotela bayelulekwa ukuba bavumele ingane ukuba ilale amahora angama-10-11 ebusuku kanye namahora amabili ntambama uma iyalidinga.
- Ukuhambisana nokudla okulinganiselayo. Izingane kufanele zidle ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka, zithole amavithamini abalulekile, ama-amino acid kanye namaminerali. Kunconywa ukuthi uqhubeke ukondla ingane ngokudla okunempilo ukusheshisa ukwelashwa nokulondolozwa kwamaseli wesibindi awonakele.
- Ukuvakashela izindawo zokubhuka. Ucwaningo lwanamuhla luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphumula olwandle akuyona eyingozi ezinganeni eziye zathola i-mononucleosis. Kubalulekile ukumane ukhawule isikhathi sokuhlala kwengane ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga.