Izindlela ze-X-ray zocwaningo lwelabhuthribhu zilokhu zithuthukiswa njalo, futhi manje ukushintshwa kwe-fluorography kufike nge-computed tomography yamaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ivumela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezitho ze-thoracic kanye nokuhlola izifo ezihlukahlukene ngezigaba zokuqala.
Yini i-tomography yamaphaphu ebonisa?
Ubuchwepheshe bokucwaninga okucatshangelwayo kuyiskena lokuskena kwamapayipi ngendwangu emincane ye-X-ray. Ngenxa yalokho, isithombe esineklabhu sezingxenye ezinomshini wokuvuselela ikhompiyutha itholakala (ubuncane obuncane be-cut 0.5 mm).
Lapho wenza i-tomography, ungabona ngokucacile:
- i-trachea;
- izingxenye nama-lobes womabili amaphaphu;
- I-lymph nodes ngaphakathi kwesifuba;
- i-bronchi;
- imikhumbi yamapulmoni;
- i-vena cava ephezulu;
- i-aorta;
- umthambo wamapulmari.
Njengomthetho, i-tomography ehlanganisiwe inqunyiwe ukuze icacise lezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- isifo sofuba ;
- ukuguquka okungapheli;
- emphysema yamaphaphu;
- i-intenathoracic adenopathy;
- i-cirrhosis yamaphaphu;
- ukusabalalisa i-pathologies;
- i-pneumonia ;
- ukuphazanyiswa ekusebenzeni kwezitho ngenxa yobungqingili bemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, isibonelo, ukuphulukiswa kwezinhlayiya ezihlukaniswe kahle ze-asbestos, i-silicon noma i-quartz.
Futhi, i-tomography yamakhomputha ehlanganisiwe isiza ukuthola umdlavuza ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukusabalalisa nobukhulu be-tumor, ukutholakala kwe-metastase nobukhulu bawo, isimo se-lymph nodes eseduze. Ukuxilongwa kunikeza ukuhlola ngisho nezicubu ezincane zesayizi encane kakhulu, kufika ku-1 cm ububanzi.
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi lolu cwaningo lwe-X-rasi lunenzuzo eminingi kunezinye izindlela:
- izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lesithombe esitholiwe;
- ukutholakala kwezinguqu ezincane zokuguquka kwamathambo emaphashini angenakutholwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuphenya;
- inani eliphakeme lokufundisa lezithombe ezakhiwe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besendlalelo-ungqimba ezintathu-ntathu;
- Ukuvuselelwa okuningiliziwe nokuningiliziwe kwezitsha kunoma yikuphi indiza enikeziwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi yesithombe;
- isivinini esiphakeme sokuskena;
- kungenzeka ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungeziweko kokuphambene kwamanzi (i-syringe ngokuzenzakalelayo), uma kunesidingo, ukutadisha imikhumbi.
I-computer ye-tomography yamaphaphu kanjani?
Inqubo echazwe yenziwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile. Liyinkimbinkimbi lapho kusetshenzwa khona itafula (umbhede).
Isiguli kumele sisuse zonke izingubo esikhwameni, kanye nanoma yikuphi ubucwebe, izinwele zensimbi zensimbi, ukubhoboza. Khona-ke lo muntu ulala phansi etafuleni bese efakwa ekamelweni lesitembu, lapho umgodi omncane we-ray ray X-ray usebenza endaweni yesifuba. Zonke izithombe eziphakeme ezitholakalayo ziyatholakala ekuqapha i-computer ehhovisi le-radiologist, lapho udokotela esindisa khona izithombe, urekhoda ividiyo ngenqubo futhi enze incazelo. Uma kunesidingo, ungaxhumana naye nge-selector.
Ingabe i-tomography yamaphaphu iyingozi?
Akekho isiguli esithola noma yikuphi ukuzwa okungathandeki ngesikhathi nangemva kwenqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ehlolwe ngayo yophenyo ibhekene nomthwalo ophansi kakhulu wama radial, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-fluorography. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi isithombe sitholwa yi-multispiral computer reconstruction endizeni yesithathu, futhi ibhontshisi encane yezinhlayiya isetshenziselwa ukudluliselwa.
Ngakho-ke, i-tomography yamapayipi ayibangeli noma yimuphi umonakalo futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile noma yikuphi ukwehluka esimweni sezinhlaka kusuka ezinkomba ezijwayelekile.