Okuyinhloko yokukhishwa kwemali, uma ushiya amagama asetshenziswayo, kuyisabelo esizuzisayo samaqembu amabili, elinye lawo ibhange noma inhlangano yokuhweba. Uhlelo olulula lusemthethweni: abalingani baphetha isivumelwano, futhi ibhange liqinisekisa ukufakwa kwezimali kulawo mathuba uma inzuzo eqondile evela ekuthengisweni ingakafiki.
Kuyini ukukhokhisa?
I-factoring yinkonzo elula evumela ubudlelwane bebhizinisi ukuba bukhona ngaphakathi komthetho. Ngomuntu ongaqondi izinkinga zokusebenza kwebhange, lolo sizo aluqondakali. Yiziphi izinhloso zokufaka i-factoring - inkontileka elula yokuthola isikweletu yabanokweleta ihlanganisa:
- loan loan ngaphandle kokubambisana;
- ukuhlolwa kwamakhasimende e-solvency;
- umshuwalense wezingozi ezihlobene nokulahla komthengi;
- ukulungiswa kwama-akhawunti atholakele.
Ukusebenzisana ngesisekelo sokwenza i-factoring kuvumela izinkampani ezingenayo imali yokubuyisela imali ukuze zihlale zihlala isikhathi eside, okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi ofanele webhizinisi lonke. Ngakho-ke, inkinga yokuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokukhiqiza noma inkampani ixazululwa ngokulahlekelwa kwemali yomuntu siqu yenkampani ngokwayo.
Ukukhipha umsebenzi kanjani?
Okuyinhloko yokufaka amanga emisebenzini yezinkontileka ezintathu ezigcwele. Ukulandelana komunye wabo kuchazwe ngokucacile ngemigomo yesivumelwano:
- Inkampani (factoring) inikeza izinsizakalo noma idayisa izimpahla kumakhasimende.
- Le nkampani inikeza imibhalo yokucubungula ibhange ebonisa ukuthi kukhona isikweletu kubantu abakweleta.
- Ibhange likhokhela iningi lesikweletu senkampani.
- Ibhange kanye nenkampani yakha isivumelwano lapho obolekayo ebuyisela khona imali ngqo ebhange ngokutholwa kwesithakazelo esengeziwe.
Uhlelo olulula luqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwempahla okungenakathintwa noma ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla kuze kube yilapho isikweletu sibuyiselwa ngokugcwele. Ngakho inkampani ene-balance balance yomuntu siqu, inikeza inqubo yentuthuko yayo ngezindleko zemali ehlinzekwa yona yokulahla okwesikhashana iqembu lesibini (ibhange).
Ukwehluleka nokuhlukana - umehluko
Ukwenza izinto ngokucophelela nokwehluleka kugxile kuzidingo zabathengi. Lolu hlelo, olukuvumela ukuthi ukhokhe izikweleti ezikweleta, usebenza ngaphandle kwezibopho zokubambisana. Ukwehlukanisa kuhilela ukuthenga kabusha isikweletu kumuntu obolekisa imali bese uyikhokhela. Umehluko emaqenjini okuheha umuntu wesithathu ukuthi lokho kukhishwa kushiya inkampani ilungelo lokucima isikweletu ngendlela elula. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezihlukile zokugcwalisa izibopho zezikweletu:
- ukukhula kwesikolodo;
- izingozi ezilinganisiwe;
- ukuvunyelwa kusuka ebhange;
- iqiniso lokudluliselwa.
Isikhathi lapho ukusebenza (ukubuyisela kabusha i-factoring) kuthatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-180, kodwa imigomo yokufafaza inqunywa iminyaka. Isici esiyinhloko sokwenza i-factoring yisabelo sezikweletu, ngemuva kokukhokha (okungaba ngu-60% we-total amount), i-akhawunti yezikweletu ifriziwe. Isilinganiso senzalo asikhulisi, kodwa ikhono lenkampani lokuthuthukisa liphumelela kakhulu futhi lizinzile.
Ukukhipha imali kuhluka kanjani kumalimboleko?
Ngokuvamile abantu abangabhekene ne-factoring ngaphambili, bephikisa lolu hlobo lokuxhasa ngemali ngokubolekisa. Ngokuhluke ngokuphelele ekusungulweni kwemisebenzi yezimali ngempela kusiza ibhizinisi ngezikweletu, kodwa bakwenza ngezindlela eziphambene ngokuphelele. Umehluko phakathi kweqiniso nekhredithi:
- Izindlela zokukhokha isikweletu . Imali ethathwe ngaphansi komsebenzi webhizinisi ebhange ibhujiswa ngokuqondile ngumbolekisi, kodwa imali yezimali iyakhiwa kusuka ekutholeni imali.
- Imigomo yokubuyisela izikweletu . Ubudlelwane bezikweletu banegama elichazwe ngokucacile futhi alincike ekukhuleni kwengeniso yenkampani. Ukwenza izinto ezimweni ezihlukahlukene kuncike ekukhokhweni okulandelwe ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Usuku lokukhokha inzalo . Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokubolekwa kwemali, lowo obolekayo wenza imali edingekayo kungekudala kunombalwa othile wenyanga ngayinye, kodwa imali yokukhokhisa ibalwa ngosuku lokukhokhwa komboleki.
- Ukwenziwa kwenkontileka . Ukuze uthole imali mboleko, umuntu oyimfihlo noma oyedwa udinga imibhalo, okungaba nzima kakhulu ukuyiqoqa. I-Factoring isebenzisa imibhalo elula - ama-invoyisi noma ukuhlola.
- Inzalo . Ikhomishana ye-factoring ihlanganiswe ngokugcwele emanani entengo, kodwa ayikho inzalo yesikweletu.
- Izinsizakalo ezengeziwe . Ibhange elikhiphe isivumelwano sokubolekwa kwebhizinisi alinikezeli izinsizakalo ezingafakiwe kwiphakethe jikelele. Amacebo we-factoring evuliwe futhi avaliwe akhuliswa uma kudingeka.
Uhlobo ngalunye olulodwa lwemali mboleko yasebhange lunokuzikhethela, izinzuzo nezinkinga zalo, kepha ngenxa yezimo eziphakanyiswe ngesikweletu esikhulu sebhizinisi, ukukhishwa kwezimali kuyindlela ehlukile yokuboleka imali engenzi lutho. Izinhloso zokufaka izinto ezibonakalayo zicacile - ukwenza kube lula izinkinga zemali zabathengi, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumthengisi (imali yebhizinisi).
Factoring - izinzuzo nokuqeda
Ukwenza izinto zanamuhla kuyindlela yonke yokubhekana nezikweletu ngaphandle kokulimaza ekukhiqizeni kwamanje. Imibandela yokukhokha kwesikweletu ebhange ingase ihluke, futhi izinzuzo ezivela kulokho okuthengwa ngemali azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Inkontileka ngayinye ephethwe yinhlangano ebhange ibhekana nezinzuzo zayo kanye nokungaphumeleli okuphawulekayo, okufanele kwaziwe kusengaphambili.
Izinzuzo ze Factoring
Izinzuzo zokukhokhisa, ezitholakalayo kunkampani yonke ecebile noma ngabanye, zizokwenza izimo ezihle zokukhokhwa kwemali emuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhizinisi elisebenzisela ukukhokhisa i-factoring lingaphuma kule nkinga noma izinkinga zemali. Ukulula ukusebenza komsebenzi nabanokweleta kungenye indlela engafakazeki nayo yokusebenza okufanayo.
Ukuqamba - ukuqeda
Ukungalungi kwenkonzo encane, kodwa ephumelelayo ebhange, kufaka phakathi izivumelwano ezinzima zesivumelwano. Izindleko ezingenzi inzuzo, kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu senzalo "ngokudla" imali engenayo yebhizinisi kusukela ekunikezeni kwemikhiqizo. Ukungahleleki kwe-factoring kusezincwadini eziyinkimbinkimbi nokubika ebhange. Ukusebenza ukubuyisela imali mboleko kumboleki akubandakanyi ukuthengiswa kwesikhathi esisodwa, kanti inani elincane lezinkokhelo lifinyelela ku-10.
Izinhlobo zokwehlisa izinto kanye nezici zazo
Izinhlobo ze-factoring, ezizibonakalise njengezindlela eziphumelelayo zokukhokha izikweletu ezibekiwe zenkampani:
- imisebenzi yezimali;
- i-factoring evulekile futhi ivaliwe ngaphandle kwezimali;
- ukukhokhelwa kwemali yokukhokhwa kwesikweletu esivulekile nesivaliwe (i-regressive factoring);
- ukubuyisela emuva ukufakazela ilungelo lokusebenzisa futhi ngaphandle kwalo;
- imisebenzi yasekhaya kanye namazwe ngamazwe.
Lapho uphetha isivumelwano sokubamba iqhaza (i-factoring evulekile nevaliwe), umphakeli wezimpahla ezingaphansi kwebhange (isikhungo sezezimali) ilungelo lokuthola ama-akhawunti wamanje futhi akhokhe. Ngakho ibhange lithatha izibopho zesikhashana ukuxhasa ukuthuthukiswa kwenkampani, ukushaja iphesenti elithile lemali esikweletu esizayo.