Amaphutha wezokwelapha - lokhu kuyisigaba sokuqapha, imiphumela yezinkolelo abantu abazibona ubuhlungu kakhulu. Ungakufanelekela kanjani ukulahlekelwa kwempilo yabantu njengephutha? Kodwa ngokuqondile ngoba sonke siphila abantu, ngezinye izikhathi amacala anjalo ayenzeka.
Amaphutha ezempilo eMelika kuphela aholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-250 000 ngonyaka, okungaba ngu-9.5% wokufa kwabantu.
1. Khumbula konke akukwazi ukukhohlwa - faka umbala
Iphutha lezokwelapha elivamile kunazo zonke imishini yokuhlinzekwa ekhohliwe futhi igxotshiwe ngaphakathi kwesiguli. Iphutha elinjalo elingenacala, ekuboneni kokuqala, lingabangela umphumela onzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, njalo ekamelweni lokusebenza, ukulawula okuphelele kuzo zonke izinto zokugcinwa kwempahla kugcinwa, kuhlanganise yonke intambo noma i-napkin. Kodwa ngisho nokulawulwa okunjalo, kunezimo zokunganaki nokunganaki kwezisebenzi zezempilo. Ngakho-ke, e-Dopropolye, ukugubha okungamamitha angamashumi amabili nantathu kwakukhohliwe ngaphakathi kwesiguli ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukususa isithasiselo. Ngaphambi kokuba le nto itholwe futhi isuswe, umuntu wahlala naye iminyaka emihlanu.
2. Hlola futhi ukhohliwe
Imiphumela embi kakhulu etholakala odokotela baseMoscow. I-napkin encane yayithungelwa ngengozi emathunjini amancane, okwaholela ekubulaweni ngokushesha ngemuva kokusebenza.
3. Perestavalsya Aesculapius
Amaphutha amaningi akwenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi. Kodwa ungabiza kanjani inhloko engenalwazi yomnyango ohlinzayo ovela esifundeni saseNovosibirsk. Ukwenza umsebenzi olula ukukhipha isithasiselo, wakwazi ukusika umthamo we-aliac, okuholela ekufeni komuntu ekuphumeni kwegazi.
4. Wathola, kodwa hhayi isela
Isiguli esinobudlova sabulala esibhedlela sase-Australia esibhedlela. Ngokushesha amaphoyisa ashesha ukuba afune. Isiguli esiphulukisiwe sabuyiselwa emuva emtholampilo ngokushesha. Lapho, emfihlekile ekhanda elincane elaziwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjalo, odokotela baphulukisa umbaleki ngezidakamizwa ze-psychotropic kusukela enhliziyweni. Futhi emva kwesikhashana lo muntu ohluphekile wakwazi ukuphuma emlandweni wezambuko futhi uchazela abahlukumezi bakhe ukuthi babambelele okungalungile. Isisulu sasiyindoda enempilo ngokuphelele futhi engaphandle. Konke kwaphela kahle, uma ungacabangi iqiniso lokuthi "ingqondo" ichithe isikhathi esingaphansi kwezingcweti zokuhlanza.
5. Ubaba angenza noma yini
Ubaba ngisho, ngephutha lomuntu, angabi ngubaba. Yilokho okwenzekile emtholampilo waseNew York wokuqothulwa kokufakelwa. Abazali bacabanga ukuthi kukhona okungalungile ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ingane yayingathandi neze uyise, okungukuthi, ngokungafani nabazali bayo, yayimnyama. Njengomphumela wophenyo olwenziwe emtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-DNA, amashubhu ane-biomaterial ayevele edidekile. Ngenxa yalokho, uyise wendodakazi ende eyayilinde isikhathi eside wayengazi lutho. Uma singacabangi ngokuziphatha nesimo senhlalakahle yenkinga, singasho ukuthi konke nakho kwahamba ngokuphepha nangaphezulu.
6. Udokotela wezinyosi
Indaba enhle yenzeke esosheni lebutho laseBrithani, u-Alison Diver oneminyaka engu-25 ubudala. Lapho ingxenye yabo yayiseJalimane, u-Alison waphula amazinyo amabili angaphambili. Ngesizathu esithile, akazange akhulume nodokotela wamazinyo empi, kodwa emtholampilo ongajwayelekile wesizwe. Njengoba i-anesthesia yasendaweni ayimsebenzanga yona, yavuma ukuthi jikelele. Yini eyamangala u-Alison lapho, ngemva kokuvuka, engatholanga udokotela, kodwa wazithola ephethe isikhwama ngamazinyo akhe onke. Futhi izizathu zokuthi kungani udokotela wamazinyo onganaki ngesenzo esinjalo engaziwa. Intombazane encane yayidinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nemizamo egcwele izidakamizwa zomlomo womlomo.
7. Kwesobunxele - hay, kwesokudla - utshani
Mhlawumbe, kungaba kuhle ukusebenzisa lo mthetho ongahlonipheki udokotela ohlinzayo waseTampa, eFlorida. Ngemuva kokukhohlwa ulwazi oluyisisekelo, wakwazi ukudidanisa nokugcoba isiguli esineminyaka engu-52 ubudala uWillie King esikhundleni somlenze wesokudla - ngakwesokunxele. Ukukhwabanisa akukwazanga ukuphazamiseka, kanti umtholampilo kanye nodokotela ohlinzayo balahlekelwa okungaphezu kwesigidi sezigidi, banikeze imali njengesihlomelo esiguli.
8. Udokotela noma udokotela udinga iso neso
Njengasendabeni yangaphambilini, sikhuluma ngokungafaneleka kokuqala. Ngo-1892, umfana oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala uThomas Stewart, edlala ngommese, walimaza iso, ngenxa yalokho alahlekelwa yingxenye yombono wakhe. Udokotela wamsiza ukuba aphutheke ngokuphelele. Uma ucabanga ukuthi iso elonakalisiwe kufanele lisuswe, wasusa ngokungafanele umfana ophilile ngokuphelele. Singacabanga nje ukuthi yisiphi isijeziso odokotela ababekhokha amaphutha abo eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.
9. Irradiation kanye nokwelapha
Esigulini, ukuhlupheka ngomdlavuza wolimi, inhlekelele eyengeziwe yawa. I-Jerome Parks, negama lesiguli, ngokutholwa ngephutha ngathola imisebe yezinsuku eziningana ezihloswe kwezinye izitho ezinempilo, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kokuzwa kanye nombono wesiguli. Ukuhlushwa okungenakubekezelelwa kobuhlungu kuye kwahlushwa ukufa kuphela.
10. Isiguli esingavikelekile
Futhi imiphumela ebulalayo kwakuyisiphambeko sikahlengikazi waseVirginia Mason. Yena, ngokufunda ngokungenakile ukubhaliswa kwiphakheji, wenza isiguli sifake isisombululo se-disinfectant. UMary McClinton oneminyaka engu-69 ubudala akazange abone ukunganakwa okunjalo.
11. Amapulazi endaweni yesisu
Kuyadabukisa, kodwa leli cala liyabulala futhi. Isiguli esineminyaka engu-79 ubudala esivela eSan Francisco, u-Eugene Riggs, sibhekene nesifo esingamvumeli ukuba adle ngokugcwele. Ukudla kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kujojowe nge-probe ekhethekile, okwakufanele kudlule kuyo. Kodwa iphenyo lalingeniswa ngephutha endaweni yokungena, kepha kungena emthonjeni, okungukuthi, emaphashini. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi lesi senzekile sasivele siphazamise ukuphefumula okuvamile, ngakho ukudla kwaqala ukugeleza emaphashini. Iphutha litholwe ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngokususwa kwezinsalela zezindaba zangaphandle emaphashini, u-Eugene nodokotela bazama ukubhekana nezinyanga eziningana. Kodwa le mpi yokuphila, usalahlekelwa.
12. Udokotela onesabekayo ukwedlula iphutha lezokwelapha
UNel Radonescu oneminyaka engu-36 ubudala waseRomania kwadingeka ahlehlise ukusebenza okuhleliwe ukulungisa ukuphathwa kwamathambo. Kodwa uDkt. Naum Chomu wethula ukulungiswa kwakhe ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uhlobo lwesidakamizwa sodokotela lwadlala ihlaya elinonya naye. Ngokushaya ngeso lengqondo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, i-aesculapius inomsindo kangangokuthi yaqeda isitho socansi. Udokotela wakwazi ukuzola phansi, kuphela ukusika isilwane ngezicucu. Kubikezela ukuthi lo dokotela ohlinzayo, egcekeni, wayenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ilayisense yezokwelapha futhi unesibopho sokukhokha ukusebenza ukuze abuyisele isitho esilungisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingxenye yesikhumba sokuhlinza yayithathwe esandleni somdokotela ongalingani.
13. Umfana, intombazane - ayinandaba, into esemqoka ukuthi umuntu kufanele abe mhle
Futhi ekugcineni, siletha amaphutha wezokwelapha ezingenacala. Mhlawumbe, umama ngamunye angabatshela abambalwa. Lezi amaphutha ezindala ekunqumeni i-ultrasound yezocansi zengane engakazalwa. Ngakho, udokotela othile wathembisa umfana, ebonisa esikrinini "isifo sofuba" esikhulu (incazelo, mhlawumbe iyaqondakala kuphela kulo dokotela). Enye, ngesonto lama-22 lokukhulelwa, futhi ekuqapheleni komshini, ngokucacile wabona isitifiketi futhi ngokuziqhenya wabonisa abazali bakhe. Njengoba ungacabanga, kuzo zonke zombili amantombazane azalwa. Kubonakala sengathi ukubhekwa kungenabungozi, kodwa kwakunjalo ukunganakeki kwezokwelapha okudlula cishe izindleko zezakhamuzi ezimbili zaseShayina. U-Xianliang Shen, kuphela nje owaba nguyise wendodakazi engafuneki, isigamu esishaywa umama ompofu futhi wahlaselwa udokotela othembise indodana.
Umuntu angayamukela izizathu ezinjalo zamaphutha ezempilo njengokukhathala, ukungabi nalwazi, ukuhlangana kwemiphumela yengozi, ukwehluleka nezinye izici eziningi ezivela kumuntu ophilayo. Kodwa akukho isizathu sokuthi ngeke sibe nesibalulekile kakhulu ekwenzeni ukulahlekelwa kwempilo noma ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bokulahlekelwa othandekayo.