Izimpawu zokukhulelwa kokuqala

Ukukhubazeka okunjalo kokukhulelwa, njengoba ukukhula kwentuthuko yesisu, empeleni kungavamile. Ngokwezibalo, le disorder kwenzeka isikhathi esingu-176 sokukhulelwa. Naphezu kwalokhu, owesifazane okhulelwe kufanele abe nomqondo mayelana nezimpawu zokukhulelwa okufayo, okuvame ukwenzeka ezinkathini zokuqala. Kodwa okokuqala ake sibheke futhi sicabange ngezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinjalo.

Kungani kukhona ukuyeka ukuthuthukiswa kwengane (ukukhulelwa okufriziwe)?

Njengamanje, zonke izizathu zokuthuthukiswa komntwana wesibindi azikwazi ukunqunywa ngokuqondile. Kodwa-ke, amacala angu-70% angenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zofuzo. Kulesi simo, ukuqubuka kwenzeka cishe ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa (ku-1 trimester).

Ku-2 no-3 trimesters, ukugula okunjalo kungabangelwa izifo ezithathelwanayo zohlobo oluhlukahlukene lwezakhi zofuzo, imiphumela emibi emzimbeni wesifazane nomntwana, njll.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuthiwe emithi, amacala ayaziwa uma ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda senhlalakahle ephelele, ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Futhi kungenzeka izikhathi eziningi, futhi owesifazane ofanayo angaba no-2 noma ngisho nokukhulelwa okubandayo okulandelanayo.

Phakathi kwezizathu ezivame kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo ekukhulelwe kokukhulelwa kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:

• umonakalo emzimbeni wesifazane okhulelwe kanye nesithelo se-nicotine nodakwa;
• ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngayinye isikhathi eside;
• izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo ezithathelwanayo (umkhuhlane, i-cytomegalovirus, i-rubella);
• Ama-STIs (i-gonorrhea, i-syphilis, i-mycoplasmosis, njll);
• isifo sikashukela mellitus;
• ukungalingani kwe-hormonal emzimbeni (ukuntuleka kwe-progesterone noma i-estrogen);
• impendulo enobudlova yemvelo yokuzivikela komzimba omama kuya emntwaneni;
• i-antiphospholipid syndrome (ukwakheka kwe-thrombi ezitsheni ze-placenta, ngenxa yalokho umsoco we-embryo uphukile futhi uyaphela).

Futhi, ezifundweni eziningi, kwafunyanwa ukuthi ukulingana kwalesi sifo kungenxa yabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala abaye baphumula isisu ngokuphindaphindiwe nalabo abanokukhubazeka ekuthuthukiseni kwesibeletho.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonisa ukukhulelwa okungakahlelwa (okufriziwe) ekuqaleni?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isikhathi esiyingozi kunazo zonke lapho kwenzeka khona ukwephulwa okunjalo yi-trimester eyi-1 yokukhulelwa (amasonto 1-3). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingozi yokukhula emasontweni ama-3-4 namasonto angu-8-11 aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhulelwa okubandayo kungabonwa futhi ngezikhathi ezedlule, kuze kube amasonto angu-20.

Njengomthetho, izibonakaliso zokuqala zokukhulelwa okubandayo ekuqaleni kungenangqondo, ukuthi abesifazane abaningi abakhulelwe abagcini ukugxila kubo. Lezi zivame uku:

• ukuyeka okungazelelwe, okubukhali kwe-toxicosis;
• ukubukeka kwezinsizi ezincane, ezibuhlungu;
• ukubonakala, ukuphuma kwegazi;
• ayeke ukukhula nokuvuvukala kwezigonda ezincelisayo;
• ukwehla ekushiseni okuyisisekelo;
• umkhuhlane.

Isibonakaliso esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu sokuqala kokuboshwa kwentuthuko yentombazane ngezikhathi zakamuva (lesi-2 trimester) ukuphela kokuphazamiseka.

Izibonakaliso ezingenhla zokukhula kwesisu kuzinyathelo zokuqala zokukhulelwa azikwazi ukuba yisisekelo sokuxilongwa. Njengomthetho, kufanele babe yisizathu sokuxhumana nodokotela. Uchwepheshe kuphela, ngemuva kokunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifundo (i-ultrasound, igazi ku-hCG) nokuhlola ukuhlolwa komzimba, angathola iziphetho ezifanele.

Indlela kuphela yokuphatha ukwephulwa okunjalo ukuhlinzwa, lapho isisu sisuswa khona emzimbeni kamama.