Insimu ngayinye yemifino kufanele ikhule imifino enhle futhi enempilo njengezinyosi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kwayo iqhutshwa ngokucabangela imithetho ethile. Lesi sitshalo sihlwanyiswa njengomuntu oneminyaka eyodwa ubudala, izimpande ngexabiso azikho ngaphansi kweklabishi kanye neqathethi. Lesi yisitshalo sezolimo, esaziwa emazweni amaningi.
Ungakhipha kanjani ubhontshisi ngaphambi kokutshala?
Ama-beetta e-red classical beet asetshalwe kusuka kumbewu noma ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Ziqoqwe ngama-nodules, ezikugobolondo elivamile, lapho kuzofika khona amahlumela amahlanu. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma, igobolondo ingashiswa kusengaphambili. Ama-beet ngaphambi kokutshala athathwa usuku, ukuze amahlumela avele ngokushesha. Ukwenza lokhu, i-stimulant yokukhula (isibonelo, i-Epin) noma ukumiswa kwamapulangwe kuyasiza. Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ihlanjululwe ngamanzi afudumele bese ibeka indwangu emanzi ngosuku noma ezimbili. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi bayoduma, futhi kuhlume emhlabeni kuyokwedlula ngokushesha.
Indlela yokutshala ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ukuze isitshalo sikhule i-beet esindayo, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kukhiqizwa enhlabathini enomsoco, okungahambisani ne-alkali noma ukungathathi hlangothi. Abahamba phambili bazoba anyanisi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, ubhontshisi. Ukutshala ama-beet akukwenziwe ensimini ngemuva kwezaqathe, amazambane noma iklabishi cishe iminyaka emithathu. Ukulimala kwentwasahlobo kufaka 20-30 g we-sulfuric acid ammonium, 20 g we-ammonium nitrate, 15 g we-potassium chloride kanye no-30-40 g we-superphosphate ngehora elingu-1 m 2 . Ukwandisa ukuzala kwe-substrate, u-2-3 kg we-humus elula kumamitha amabili asetshenziswa .
Imbewu yokutshala isithombo sebhitruli emhlabathini ovulekile
Ubukhulu bomsuka bunqunywe ngobuningi bokutshala - kakhulu ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo ezikhulayo, okukhudlwana imifino izokhula (kodwa izikhulu azizona ezilula kakhulu ukusebenzisa). Indlela yokutshala beet nezinhlamvu ensimini:
- udwebe imigqa, uhambe u-4 cm ubude ngebanga lama-20 cm;
- imifudlana yomswakama, imbewu ifakwa kuzo ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwezihlahla 2-3 cm;
- imbewu ichitheka phezu komhlaba;
- Asikho isitshalo esisodwa esakhula esihlahleni, ukuze lapho kuvela amahlumela abasha, kuzodingeka aphulwe.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-beet emhlabathini ovulekile
Uma isithombo sebhitrudi sitshalwe ekuqaleni kwendawo, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ngemuva kwayo kukhishwa ngokusebenzisa izithombo. Le ndlela izokugwema ukucwiliswa kwemibhede futhi ifike isivuno esikhulu kakhulu emasontweni amabili kusukela esikhathini esivamile. Indlela yokutshala izithombo ze-beet emhlabathini ovulekile:
- amahlumela akhula ahlele inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala kusayithi;
- Imbewu ehlwanyelwe futhi ihlume kusengaphambili itshalwe emabhokisini ene-nutrient substrate, leyo ngaphambi kokugqoka ifakwe ne-Phytosporin. Ukujula kokufika - 2-3 cm, iziqukathi zifakwe efasiteleni, ezimboza elangeni, noma ezitsheni zokushisa;
- ukunakekela izithombo kuhilela ukugxilisa inhlabathi, ukuqhuma okuqinile;
- Ukutshala izithombo endaweni yeqabunga le-cotyledonous, ukwahlukanisa amahlumela zibe yiziqukathi ezihlukene. Ukuze ugweme amahlumela, ungaqala ukuwafaka ezinkomeni ze-peat. Uma isithombo siphula ngaphandle kwamakhethi, kuzodingeka ukuthi sephulwe;
- emva kokutshala izithombo ngokumboza okungcono nge-cellophane ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3 zokuqala ukuze kulungiswe kahle;
- lapho ihlumela amaqabunga amabili avuthiwe ezitshalweni, avunyelwe ukuthuthela emhlabathini.
Imigomo yokutshala ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Beetroot iyisiko le-thermophilic, akufanelekile ukusheshisa ngokuhlwanyela kwayo. Hlanganisa imbewu entwasahlobo, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho kutshalwa i-beet emhlabathini ovulekile ngokuphepha. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu lihlelwe ngenhla + ku-16 ° C, futhi inhlabathi ejulile ibe yi-8-10 cm isesifudumele kuze kufike ku- + 8-10 ° C, okudingekayo ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwezitshalo zempande. Uma ukutshala sekuphelile kakhulu, imifino ingaba ngaphansi kweqhwa encane futhi ingahlanganisi - isitshalo esincane sizokukhulula i-spike ende kanye namaqabunga anamandla.
Izithombo zokuvimbela ezimbizeni, futhi, azifaneleki, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizofika ngaphansi komkhumbi bese zithola isimo esingavamile. Hambisa emhlabathini maphakathi no-May. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-beet yasebusika kungenziwa ekwindla ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. Emva kokutshala imbewu ngendlela yendabuko, esimweni esinjalo indawo isuke ihlanganiswe ne-peat noma i-humus.
I-beet ikhula isikhathi esingakanani emhlabathini ovulekile?
Phakathi kwezici ezithonya ukutshalwa kwezinyosi kanye nokuhluma kwayo, nikeza: ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwembewu, umswakama nokushisa kwenhlabathi. Uma imbewu etshalwe yatshalwe, amahlumela wokuqala angalindelwa izinsuku ezingu-3-4 kamuva. Uma utshala izinto ezimile, imbewu itshalwe izinsuku ezingu-6-8. Kodwa lokhu kuncike ekutheni okunomusa. Uma ukunakekelwa ohlelweni lokuzijabulisa kungavamile, khona-ke ukubonakala kwamahlumela kungahlala ezinsukwini ezingu-12-15.
I-beet ikhula emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze sikhule ubhontshisi obukhulu futhi obuhle kusayithi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuqukethe ukuchelela okuhleliwe, ukusika, ukulungisa, ukulwa nama-parasites. Ukunakekelwa okunamandla kuzokusiza ukuqoqa isivuno sekhwalithi ecebile. Indlela yokutshala ama-beet evulekile - izimfihlo:
- ukukhululwa kwemibhede emva kokunisela nokuvula imitha engama-4-6 cm kuyadingeka ekubhujisweni komhlaba, okuvimbela ukushintshaniswa kwezulu kwezitshalo ezimpande;
- uma ifafazwa ngotshani obomile, khona-ke ukhula, lukhulule futhi luthuthukise isiko luyoba ncane kakhulu;
- ukuze imifino ihlaziye futhi ithambile, isihlahla sihlwithwa izikhathi eziningana phezu kweziqongo ngesisombululo sikasawoti - 1 tbsp per 10 l amanzi;
- ekwindla, ngaphambi kweqhwa, izithelo zisuswe. Baxoshwa, bahlanzwa, banqunywe iziqongo;
- Gcina imifino kangcono ku-0 ° C - / + 2 °.
Ukunakekela isithombo sebhitrudi kususa
Ukunakekelwa okunempilo kwama beet emhlabathini ovulekile kuthatha ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kokutshala izitshalo ezincane. Ukhula luvutha kalula amahlumela amancane, ekhula kancane kancane kuze kuphele ifomu lokuqala lama-4-5. Lesi sitshalo sibheka futhi sishiye ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa lapho utshani bukhula. Ukuze silwe nokhula ngaphambi kokuba kuvele imbewu, imibhede ingaphathwa nge-tereferenini ye-trekta - 35-50 g ngayinye imitha eyi- 2 . Lapho kuhluma ama-2-3 amaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga obuntshani obungadingekile, le ndawo igxiliwe ngesisombululo se-ammonium nitrate-3 kg ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi.
Ungamanzi kanjani ama-beet emhlabathini ovulekile?
I-beet yebheyi - umswakama-onothando, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile uthatha ukucwiliswa kwekhwalithi ehleliwe, kucatshangelwa ama-shaances. Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zomhlabathi onomhlabathi, kodwa zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukuntuleka kwamanzi okwesikhathi eside. Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi okungafani nakho kuholela ekwakheni izithelo ezingenasici, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okumnandi. Ukunisela okunengi komhlabathi owomile kuphazamisa imifino. I-waterlogging ehlala njalo eqinile iyoholela ekubhujisweni kwezimpande izitshalo ngesikhumba kanye nokulimala isivuno. Beet ukuphuza ngaphandle:
- gcoba isiko lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi luma;
- ngoba ngenkathi imifino iphuziswa izikhathi ezingaba ngu-3-4, uchitha amabhakede amabili wamanzi ngehora elingu-1 m 2 ;
- ukugcoba kwenziwa ngendlela yokufafaza, ukuze uvuselele amahlamvu esitshalo, ekuseni noma kusihlwa;
- uma isayithi ingenayo i- mulch , ngemuva kokunisela inhlabathi ikhululiwe ngosuku olulandelayo;
- ingxenye yenyanga ngaphambi kokuvuna okuhleliwe, ukunqunywa kwamanzi kuyamiswa, okwenyuka ukwanda kwenani ushukela futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kwabo.
Ukunqunywa kwebhethri emhlabathini ovulekile
Isiko sezinyosi kanye nokukhula kwezithombo kuphulukana, njengokusuka kwenzalo eyodwa, amahlumela amaningana akhula kakhulu. Indlela yokukhulisa ubhontshisi ensimini - thinning:
- Isikhathi sokuqala amahlumela aphuluka lapho kuvela khona amaqabunga okuqala eqabunga lamagatsha. Izimo zishiyiwe kude no-3-4 cm. Amahlumela engeziwe adluliselwa kwenye indawo - ngalesi sigaba asungulwe kahle.
- Ukuphumelela okwesibili kwenziwa lapho izithombo ezincane ziqiniswa kanti isitshalo sesitshalo sithola ubukhulu buka-1.5 cm - shiya isitshalo esisodwa ngo-6-10 cm. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukwakha imifino ephakathi nendawo - hhayi encane futhi ayiyona imifino.
- Inqubo yenziwa kahle emva kokuchelela noma imvula ngosuku olumnyama.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-beetroot
Ukuze sikhule isithombo sebhitrudi esimnandi emibhedeni, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ukuguqula ukugqoka okuphilayo. Ukusuka kokuhlanganiswa kwamaminerali ezithelo kungakha i-voids. Izici ze-beet ezikhulayo: ukugqoka okuphezulu:
- Emva kokuqothula kokuqala, isitshalo sidinga amandla okuthuthukisa ama-rosettes. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekuqaleni kokukhula kwawo, umanyolo we-nitrojeni kuyadingeka: isisombululo sezinyoni ezijwayelekile ze-droppings 1:10 noma i-Mullein 1: 8 - 12 amalitha ebhodlela ngalinye eli-1 m 2 . Ufakwe emiphakathini eyenziwe ibanga elingama-5 cm ukusuka emahlumela. Uma izithelo ziba yi-walnut, i-nitrogen kuyo iqoqa kakade ngendlela ye-nitrate.
- Lapho iziqongo ezihlathini zivaliwe, udinga ukwenza ama-potash feeds: usakaze umlotha wezinkuni (1 st at 1.5 m 2 ) bese uphuza amanzi.
- I-Boron iyisici esibalulekile sezithelo. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwayo, izitshalo zezimpande zigcwele izindawo ezinsundu. Ehlobo, esimweni sezulu esibhakabhakeni, amanzi afafazwa nge-boric acid ehlanza - 5 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi.
Izifo nezinambuzane zezinyosi
Amaqabunga amasiko enempilo anendawo ekhanyayo ngaphandle kwamabala. Ukubukeka kwe-uncharacteristic fungal manifestations, ezimhlophe, ezimpunga, emacansini amnyama, eziphuzi, ama-brown tan zikhomba isifo sezinyosi. Lesi sitshalo singathinta i- powdery isikhutha , i-phorosis, i-brown noma i-root root. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha izihlahla ngezidakamizwa ze-fungicidal - i-Phytosporin noma i-Bordeaux ingxube ekuhlungeni kwe-1%.
Ngama-parasites, ama-cottagers ehlobo ngokuvamile ahlaselwa yizimpukane ze-beetroot, ama-aphid, ama-fleas, ama-shchitovidki, ama-scoops. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela izinambuzane izobe i-weeding ehlelekile emigqeni, ukumba kwe-autumn ejulile. Uma ama-aphid ebonakala, ukuwususa kuzosiza isixazululo se-anyan husks, i- Iskra yezidakamizwa. Izimpukane zingasuswa yi-Carbophos, futhi ama-fleas ayanyamalala ngemva kokunisela kwamagatsha angenhla emhlabathini ngokukhipha umlotha. Nge-scoops, isisombululo se-1% se-bitoxybacillin noma u-0.5% we-homelin sizosiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-repellants ama-Shining no-Baikal kwandisa ukuzivikela kwezitshalo kuma-parasites.