Umanyolo yinqubo yonke eyenzeka emzimbeni wesifazane ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle. Kwenzeka, njengomthetho, emva kokulala ngokobulili noma ngenxa yokusabalalisa okufakelwayo.
Ukukhulelwa kweqanda kwenzeka kanjani ku vivo?
Inqubo yokukhulelwa ngokwemvelo ivela ngezigaba eziningana:
- Isiteji se-ovulation. Emzimbeni wabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokubeletha, amaqanda angaphiliwe e-follicle (bubble obala ogcwele uketshezi) uvuthwe kwelinye lama-ovari njalo ngenyanga. Uma isikhathi sokwakheka siphelile, i-follicle iphukile, futhi amaqanda avuthiwe aphuma. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-ovulation, futhi ngokuvamile iyenzeka phakathi nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ukuvuthwa kuyimfuneko yokukhulelwa nokuthuthukiswa kweqanda lesisu.
- Ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda ashiye ubuphuli obuqhekekile, luba yinkinga yangaphakathi yokufihla ngaphakathi okubizwa ngokuthi umzimba ophuzi. Inhloso yomzimba ophuzi ukhiqizwa kwamahomoni we-estrogen ne-progesterone. Lokhu kudingekile ukuvimbela i-membrane yamangqamuzana yesibeletho, ngaleyo ndlela ilungiselela i-endometrium ibe umbungu wobungu. Zonke izenzo ezichazweyo zithinta indlela inqubo yokukhulelwa eyenzeka ngayo nokuthi ngabe izokwenzeka yini nhlobo.
- Iqanda elikhishwe lifika emgodini wesisu, lapho lithathwa yi-tube fallopian. Emgodini we-fallopian, itholakala kuze kube yilapho enye ye-spermatozoa ifika kuwo. Kulokhu, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nucleus yamaqanda ne-nucleus ye-spermatozoon kwenzeka futhi ukukhulelwa kwenzeka. Lesi sikhathi sinikeza ukumelela okunembile kokuthi ukukhulelwa kweqanda kwenzeka kanjani. Kule nkathi yokukhulelwa ukuthi ulwazi lwezofuzo oluphathelene nezingane ezizayo lubekiwe: ubulili, izinwele nombala wamehlo, isimo sekhala, njll.
- Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwe-ovum sisho cishe usuku olulodwa ngemuva kokuvuthwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, zonke izinqubo ezichazwe ngenhla zinesikhathi sokudlula, futhi kuye ngokuthi izimo, ukukhulelwa kungenziwa noma cha. Uma ukufaka umquba kungenzeki emzimbeni ophuzi futhi iqanda liguqulwa, ingqimba ehlanganisiwe ye-endometrium inqatshelwe futhi iboniswa njengokwesuka esikhathini.
Ukusatshalaliswa kokufakelwa kwe-ovum
Yeka indlela ukuchithwa kwemvelo okuvela ngayo kuxhomeke endleleni yokwelapha. Okwamanje kunezinhlelo ezimbili eziphumelela kakhulu:
- Uhlelo lwe-IVF;
- Indlela ye-ICSI.
Mayelana nokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-IVF kwenzeka kanjani, singasho lokhu okulandelayo: ebhokisatri, insikazi yesilisa itshalwe ku-ovum yesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ifana nemvelo yemvelo - kusuka kumangqamuzana amantombazane amaningi angene eqanda futhi, emva kwesikhathi esithile kuqala ukwahlukana, isikhathi sokukhulelwa kweqanda siphumelele.
Ngendlela ye-ICSI, i-sperm eqinile ekhethiwe ifakwe ngqo eqanda ngethuluzi elikhethekile. Ngalendlela, kungenzeka ukuthi ulandele ngokuphelele indlela okukhulelwa kuyo.
Izinqubo ezenzeka emva kokukhulelwa zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ukuhlukaniswa kweqanda elikhulelwe. Kungakapheli usuku emva kokukhulelwa, iqanda lihlukaniswe ngamaseli. Njengoba usendaweni yezintambo ezincane cishe izinsuku ezintathu, kancane kancane uhamba eduze kwe-tube fallopian, lapho kufakwe khona i-membrane yamangcwaba yesibeletho.
- Ukubonakala kwesinye isisu sebhisysi i-blastocyst. Ekuqaleni, iqanda elikhuliswe liba yinqwaba yamangqamuzana, kancane kancane liya emgodini wesigceme. Lapho i-blastocyst ishiya igobolondo elivikelayo, isigaba sesithathu - isigaba sokugcina - siqala.
- Ukufakela isisu nokubunjwa kombungu. Lapho i-blastocyst isondela ku-endometrium, ifakwe ku-mucosa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa amangqamuzana e-blastocyst ekhulayo, amangqamuzana omzimba wengane akhiwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho
ukukhuluma, i-embryo yakha, okuyinto emva kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili ukukhulelwa kakade kunelungelo eliphelele lokubizwa ngokuthi i-fetus.
Njengemibandela yemvelo, kanye nezindlela zokuzala, inqubo yokuvota ayihlali njalo ekukhulelwe. Odokotela, futhi, hhayi kuzo zonke izimo bangaphendula umbuzo wokuthi kungani ukukhulelwa kungenzeki. Izizathu eziningi futhi zihlukile esimweni ngasinye. Kulesi sihloko, sichaze indlela indlela iqanda elikhulelwa ngayo, futhi wazama ukuphendula imibuzo, isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi umquba uqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani, ngaphandle kokuchazela izizathu zemizamo ehlulekile yokukhulelwa.