Enhliziyweni kaFlorence iyinhloko yamasonto amakhulu aseGothic yaseSanta Maria del Fiore (eSt. Mary's Flower Pass), enye yezakhiwo ezindala kunazo zonke ezidumile ezweni. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-13, kodwa leliparele lezakhiwo liyakhanya ngobukhulu bayo, ubuhle nokuklama okucatshangelwayo.
I-Church of Santa Maria del Fiore: izici zokwakha
I-cathedral yayiklanyelwe ekuqaleni ukuze bonke abantu baseFlorence bafike bazokhonza kulo, futhi lokhu kungabantu abangaba ngu-90 000 ngaleso sikhathi. Le njongo yafezwa - i-cathedral empeleni iyindawo ehlanganisiwe. Ukuphakama kwe-Santa Maria del Fiore kungamamitha angu-90, ubude bayo buyi-153 amamitha.
Iphrojekthi evelele ekwakhiweni kwethempeli kwakuyi-dome. Yadalwa ngokusho kwepulani nemidwebo kaFilippo Brunelleschi. Igama le-cathedral lihunyushwa ngokuthi "uMariya Ongcwele onembali" futhi, ngempela i-dome ifana nembali ye-tulip ebomvu. Ububanzi be-dome buyi-43 m - budlula ububanzi beSt. Peter's Cathedral obudumile ngobukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idome laseSanta Maria del Fiore inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele: ayihlosiwe, kodwa ihlangene. Umakhi udale lokhu ngale ndlela, ngenxa yomqondo othakazelisayo. "Watshala" i-dome yama-arches angu-8 nebhuloho phakathi kwabo futhi ubhekene nesakhiwo esinjalo ngezitini. Ukuqedwa kokuqala kwethempelathi kufinyelela kumamitha angu-91 futhi kunezinkemba ezimbili.
Umlando weDuomo of Santa Maria del Fiore
Lesi sakhiwo saba uhlobo lwemingcele phakathi kweNkathi Ephakathi Nokuqala. I-Duomo yakha esikhundleni se-cathedral endala yaseSanta Reparata, ngaleso sikhathi kwaphela iminyaka engaba ngu-9 futhi yaqala ukuwa. Amalungiselelo omuzi kwakungokwakhiwa kwamasonto amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaMeya ayefuna i-cathedral ekwakhiweni eFlorence, engadluli nje kuphela ubukhulu kodwa futhi nomhlobiso wamakhreditherali eSiena nasePisa. Umklami waseSanta Maria del Fiore wamiswa u-Arnolfo di Cambio, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwaqhubeka isikhathi eside, kwafakwa abanye abaqambi abangu-5, kuhlanganise noGiotto. Kudingekile ukuba ukhokhele ikhono lalaba bakhi: ngekhulu le-15, lo mhlangano wawunabo abaphikisana nawo kuphela kule mizi ephikisanayo, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
I-cathedral ayiyazi nje kuphela izakhiwo zayo, kodwa neminye yezenzakalo zomlando. Isibonelo, bekusekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15. wazama ukulwa nabazalwane uLornzo noGiuliano Medici. Njengoba kwaziwa kamuva, umqalisi womzamo kwakunguPapa uSixtus IV.
Ingaphakathi leCathhedral kaMaria del Fiore
Ngaphakathi kwethempeli lihlaba umxhwele ngokunethezeka kwalo futhi, ngesikhathi esisodwa, umusa. Into ethakazelisayo yalesi sonto iwashi, imicibisholo yayo ibuyela emuva esiqondisweni esivamile. Izindonga ze-cathedral zidwetshiwe. Kulezi zindaba, ungafunda isiNgisi isiqubulo sikaJohn Hawkwood, i-mercenary evela e-Italy uNiccolo noTolentino, iDante engenakulinganiswa neziqephu ze "Divine Comedy". Futhi i-cathedral ihlotshiswe nezifanekiso zika-A. Skvarchalupi - umlimi, umqambi, isazi sefilosofi sikaMnu Ficino, uFr. Brunelleschi - isakhiwo seSanta Maria del Fiore, owayesebenza kule dome. Lo mboni, kanye noGiotto bangcwatshwe lapha.
I-Santa Maria del Fiore: isitayela
I-Gothic ibonakala kalula ekwakhiweni kwezici zayo ezikhanyayo:
- Ukwakheka okulinganayo nokuxubile;
- ama-arches aqoshiwe;
- ifreyimu isekela;
- i-ribbed arch;
- izindonga ezincane;
- amafasitela ahlangene anefasitela enezibuko;
- izici eziningi ezihlotshiwe nezibukhali.
I-Santa Maria del Fiore - enye yamasonto amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni (ahlanganisa iCologne Cathedral , iTaj Mahal ). Kunzima ukungaboni lowo oza eFlorence. Kodwa kuyadingeka ukungena ngaphakathi ukubona umsunguli osebenzayo ekhuluma ngesonto elidala, ukuzwakalisa izimbali, ubukhulu besakhiwo nokubona uFlorence kusukela esiteshini sokubuka.
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