- Ikheli: Pasrujambe Lumajang Regency, e-East Java Indonesia
- Ubude: 3676 m
Enye yezintaba-mlilo eziphakeme kunazo zonke esiqhingini seJava yiSemeru (Semeru), ibizwa nangokuthi uMumermer (Mahameru). Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeTanger hill (complex complex) futhi iyasebenza.
Ulwazi jikelele
Kusukela ngo-1818 kwakukhona ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic 55, eyayihambisana nokubhujiswa okukhulu kanye nokulimala kwabantu. Kusukela ngo-1967 i-Semer isebenza njalo. Kusukela kuwo amafu okuthutha komlotha nomusi, kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo nge-pyroclastic. Isikhathi sivela kumaminithi angu-20 kuya kwangu-30. Lezi zinqubo zisebenza kakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ukuqhuma okwesabekayo kwenzeka ngo-1981, lapho izimvula ezinamandla zakha ukubunjwa kwamanzi amaningi. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwabo, abantu abangu-152 abavela emadolobheni aseduzane balimala, kanti abangu-120 aboriginals babengekho. Ngo-1999, ababili abagibelayo bafa ngezinhlaka ze-ballistic, futhi ezinyangeni ezingu-7 kwaqhuma ukuqhuma, okwaholela ekufeni kwezintwana eziningana ze-volcanologists.
Incazelo ye-volcano
Okuyisikhombisa ngenye yezintaba-mlilo ezisebenza kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Igama layo lihunyushwa ngokuthi "iNtaba eNkulu". Iphuzu eliphakeme lifinyelela ku-3676 m ngaphezu kwezilwandle, futhi intaba-mlilo ngokwayo iqukethe ama-basalts nama-andesites. Ukufunda umlando we-geological wezinto uqale kuphela ngekhulu le-XIX.
Yakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya le-Tenger futhi yenziwa ngenxa yeziphambeko emkhawulweni womhlaba nasekuphumeni kwe-magma. I-volcano inezinhlamvu eziningana ezisezingeni eliphansi-ezigcwele ama-lava. Ukujula kokukhulu kunazo zonke kungamamitha angu-220, ububanzi buhluka kusukela ku-500 ukuya ku-650 m.
I-debris igeleza eduze kwedolobha laseLimajang. Indawo enabantu abaningi isengozini yansuku zonke yokukhukhula ngodaka nomlotha.
Okukhethekile kokuvakashela i-Semeru
Intaba ye-volcano iqala emzaneni waseRanupani (Ranupani). Ukuvakasha ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-3-4 futhi kuxhomeke emakhono akho angokwenyama. Izivakashi zivame ukuchitha:
- ukukhuphuka - izinsuku ezingu-2-3;
- ekuhlakeni - usuku olungu-1.
Ukukhuphukela esiqongweni sentaba ungakwazi ukuzimela (khumbula ukuthi kukhona ithuba lokulahleka) noma uhambisane nomhlahlandlela. Bonke abagibeli kufanele bathole imvume ekhethekile yokunyuka ehhovisi elisemthethweni likaSomer, osemzaneni. Lapha ungathola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nesimo se-volcano, ibalazwe yendawo kanye nemishini:
- izikhwama zokulala;
- amatende;
- ukunakekelwa;
- imikhiqizo yokudla;
- izingubo ezifudumele, njll.
Umzila ngokwawo ude isikhathi eside futhi unzima. Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
- Kusuka emzaneni kuya ekamu laseKalimati (Kalimati), lapho ungakhululeka khona, udle uphinde ujwayele ukuphakama, okungama-2700 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Uhambo lithatha cishe amahora angu-8 bese luqala ekuseni. Lapha uzobona echibini elihle kakhulu uRanu Kumbolo, lapho ukubhukuda kungavunyelwe khona. Amanzi echibini alula, ngakho-ke asetshenziselwa ukupheka nokuphuza.
- Kusukela ekamu kuya phezulu kwentaba. Ngokuvamile ukuphakama okuvela kuleli phuzu kuqala ngo-23: 00, ukuze izakhamuzi zihlangabezane nokuntwela kokusa emfuleni. Uhambo lufinyelela emahoreni angu-4. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukubheka umcengezi, nakuba kuyathakazelisa: ungalimala kabi ngamatshe ngenkathi kuqhuma.
Ukushisa kwomoya phezulu kungase kwehle ngaphansi kwe-0 ° C. Isikhathi esihle sokunqoba intaba sisukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ukunyuka kwentaba ye-voleru yeSemeru kuvunyelwe ngesikhathi sokunyuka kwesimo seismic. Emadolobheni, amahhotela amancane akhiwe, lapho ungalinda khona le nqubo.
Ungafika kanjani?
Ukuze ufinyelele eRanupani ukusuka ezindaweni eziseduze kungenzeka ngebhasi noma ngesithuthuthu emigwaqeni: Jl. Nasional III noma uJalan Raya Madiun - Nganjuk / Jl. Raya Madiun - Surabaya.