Ngesikhathi sobuchwepheshe ne-Intanethi, ukuphatha abantu sekulula futhi kungafundwa. Kunezindlela ezikhona futhi ezisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekuqaleni komuntu, ezisekelwe ngokuphelele kwi-psychology nokuziphatha kwabantu ezimo ezibucayi. Basiza ukuqondisa umphikisi esiteshini esidinga umlawuli we-manipulator.
Kuyini ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle?
Igama elithi engineering social (SI) lisho imigomo eminingana. Owokuqala uhlobene nemiphakathi yezenhlalakahle futhi ichaza izindlela eziningi ezishintsha ukuziphatha komuntu, ukunikeza ukulawula abanye, izenzo zabo. Lezi zindlela zenzelwe ukushintsha izakhiwo zenhlangano, ngoba iphuzu elisengozini kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlelo luyisici somuntu.
Ngandlela-thile, ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle yisayensi, futhi emkhakheni wokuphepha kolwazi, leli gama lisho indlela engekho emthethweni yokuthola ulwazi. Kuze kube manje, abakhohlisi basebenzisa izindlela ezaziwayo, bezama ukuthola ulwazi lwe-"bitbit "- oluyimfihlo noma oluyigugu. Ekhulwini lama-21 leminyaka, lo mbono wawuningi, nakuba izindlela zokuqoqa amaqiniso nokuphatha abantu zaziwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-computer.
Kuyini ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi?
Indlela yokuphatha umsebenzi ingasetshenziselwa izinhloso zobugovu (ngokukhwabanisa nokukhwabanisa). Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi empilweni busetshenziselwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ekukhiqizeni, endaweni yokuxhumana nabantu. Ukwakha izimo ezihlukahlukene, ochwepheshe kule nkundla balindele amaphutha okungenzeka kanye nokuziphatha kwabantu. Imisebenzi ihlanganisa izinqubo ezifana nalezi:
- ukuhlaziywa kwento yomsebenzi;
- ukuhlola isimo sakhe esikhathini samanje nangesikhathi esizayo;
- ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi omusha wombuso;
- izinketho zokubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwemvelo yangaphakathi nangaphandle;
- ukuqaliswa kohlelo.
Njengosayensi, intuthuko yezenhlalakahle ikhula ngezindlela eziningana: itholakala ekwakhiweni kwezikhungo zenhlalakahle (ezempilo, imfundo, njll), ukwakheka kwemiphakathi yesifunda kanye nemiphakathi, amaqembu kanye namaqembu ahloswe, nokwakhiwa kwezinhlangano. Ukuphila kwezenhlalakahle kungashintshwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokubona kwangaphambili nokubikezela, ukuhlela nokuhlela.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle - Psychology
Izindlela nezindlela ze-SI zibolekwa kusuka kwengqondo esebenzayo. Uma sikhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwesayensi ngezinhloso zobuqili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda abantu abathintekayo ngobunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle, ukuthi lesi siqondiso asihlukaniswanga kusuka kwengqondo kanye ne-NLP. Isisulu singaba mnandi futhi sifundwe kunomhlaseli, kodwa lokhu ngeke kumsize agweme ukukhohliswa. Izindlela zihlale zihloswe ngokuziphatha kwe-reflex nephethini; benza isenzo esinqunyiwe kwengqondo, ingqondo futhi senziwa ezingeni lezimzwelo nokucindezelwa ukunakwa.
Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi
Amasu namasu okubambisana kwezenhlalakahle asekelwe emaphutha nasekuphambukeni kokuziphatha, ukucabanga nokuqonda. Ngokuyinhloko, bangena ekusetshenzisweni kwabasebenzi be-arsenal ezicebile zezinsizakalo ezikhethekile. Iqhinga, ukudlala ubuthakathaka nokusebenza kwengqondo - konke lokhu nokunye okuningi kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ulwazi oludingekile kumuntu. Ungabiza izindlela eziyisisekelo zokuzijabulisa "ngaso sonke isikhathi":
- ukusheshisa, ukudala isikhathi esanele sokunciphisa umphikisi wesikhathi sokucabanga nokuqinisekisa idatha;
- ukucasuka nokuxolisa (ngenhloso efanayo);
- ukusola nokunganakwa (ukuze umphikisi anesifiso sokuziphendulela).
Abakwa-Scammers abasebenzisa izindlela ze-SI bayaziphuthukisa njalo. Uhlelo oluvame kakhulu lokukhohliswa namuhla lubizwa ngokuthi i-phishing (kusukela "ukudoba" ngesiNgisi). Lokhu kuwumkhuba wokuthumela imiyalezo ye-elektroniki ukuze ukhiphe idatha edingekayo. Amanye amasu awaziwayo asetshenziselwa ubuningi bezenhlalo yihhashi leThrojani (uma kusetshenziselwa ukuhaha nokufuna ukwazi), ukuphindukuzalwa noma okuphathelene ne-quo (umkhohlisi uzenza sengathi ungumunye umuntu), umqondo oyinhloko (ingxoxo ngeskripthi esilungisiwe).
Izinhlobo zobunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle
Ngokuya endleleni yokuthinta into yokukhohliswa, i-SI ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuqondisa nokuqondisa kabusha ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle. Izindlela zokuqala zachazwa ngenhla, futhi esimweni sesibili isisulu siphendukela usizo kumhlaseli. Lo muntu uphoqelelwa yizinyathelo ezinjalo zokungena njengesihluku (ukudala ukungasebenzi okubuyiselwayo), izinsizakalo zokukhangisa ezinikezwe ngesikhathi kanye nokunikeza usizo. Inhloso eyinhloko yabakhohlisi ukuphoqa into ukuba yabelane ngemininingwane yayo, inikele ngolwazi oludingekile, kepha lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba ube yingcweti yengqondo.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle kubaqalile
Muva nje, ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle njengezesayensi buye bathuthuka ngamandla, okuvumela ukulawula ukuziphatha komuntu nokulawula ukuzivocavoca, kodwa isikhathi eside sikhona njengendlela yokuhlaselwa. Ochwepheshe kule ndawo baye bakhohlisa ngempumelelo abantu ngamashumi eminyaka ambalwa, futhi njalo isigxobo sabekwe kwisici sabantu: ilukuluku, ubuvila, ukwesaba. Ukuze ungangeni esicupheni sabantu abakwa-scammers, udinga ukwazi ukubona amasu ayisisekelo abaduni futhi uqonde ukuthi ulwazi oluvela esizindeni somphakathi lungasetshenziswa kulabo ababelane nabo.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo kumanethiwekhi omphakathi
Ngendima ekhulayo yokuxhumana nabantu emiphakathini yabantu, izindlela ze-SI zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo kuzo. Emakhasini abo abantu baveza ngokuzithandela amaqiniso ngabo kanye nabathandekayo babo, bahlangana ngokuzithandela ngisho nabantu abangabazi, ikakhulukazi uma bengabonakali ukuthi bangubani ngempela. I-Scammers idala kalula i-fake ikhasi lanoma imuphi inhlangano ethintekayo noma inkampani eyaziwayo futhi ibeka "izingibe" zayo lapho. Ekufinyeleleni okuvulekile konke kuyabonakala, kodwa akukho lutho olungahlolwa.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle kanye nama-fakes ngenhloso yenzuzo nokukhohlisa kuvamile ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi. Kukhona ezinye izindlela ezisuselwa kusifiso (isifiso sokuya ekhasini elithakazelisayo, ukuzama ukuthola okwengeziwe ngomunye umsebenzisi) nokwesaba (abakwa-scammers bamelwe abasebenzi beziphathimandla futhi badinga ukufinyelela ku-akhawunti noma bamane banikezele ukufaka i-antivirus). Ukuhlaselwa kobunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle kuyaphumelela uma isithutha senza ngesibindi nangokungahloniphi.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle kanye ne-NLP
Uhlelo lwe-Neuro-linguistic (NLP) luyindlela yokusebenzisa ulwazi oluvela emikhakheni ehlukene: izilimi, i-neurology, ne-psychology - ukuze kunconywe umphikisi ukwenza isinqumo "esifanele". Ukuphathwa kwezinqubo zezinzwa kwenzeka ngosizo lwezindlela zolimi. Izimiso zokubambisana kwezenhlalakahle, amasu ayisisekelo nezinkolelo zisuswa ku-NLP. Isisulu sithintekile "ngesikhathi sangempela", sifuna ukuthatha izinqumo ngokushesha, sibheke ezingqondweni zengqondo yomuntu ngamunye.
Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle - inzuzo
Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu kuletha imiphumela, futhi ukuphathwa ngabanye abantu kungathola imali enhle, kodwa lezi zindlela ziyoba ngokungemthetho, ezihlobene nezakhamuzi zokukopela, ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kolwazi nokufinyelela esikhwameni somunye umuntu. Ubunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle ngumsebenzi - kukhona indawo okumele ibe kuyo, kodwa njengehlobo lomphakathi. "Onjiniyela abaphambili" bayadingeka ebhizinisini, uhulumeni nomthetho kanye nokuhleleka, izinhlaka zokuphila komphakathi nezomnotho. Imisebenzi yabo: nokwandisa ukuphathwa, ukuxhumana, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivela.
Ubuchwepheshe Bomphakathi - Amabhuku
Namuhla, ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo banesithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini. Imigomo ingahluka, kepha inzalo ekuphatheni indlela ihlale ishisa. Ukuze ufunde amasu namasu aqondisayo, ungafunda izincwadi mayelana nobunjiniyela bezenhlalakahle obhalwa uKevin Mitnick, owayengumngcwabo owayengumqaphi owayengenazo izinhlelo zezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi zincwadi ezinjengalezi:
- "Ubuciko bokukhohliswa" yiqoqo lezindaba eziveza izimfihlo zenhlalo yomphakathi.
- "I-Art of Invasion" - incwadi yesibili yochungechunge mayelana nokuhlaselwa ngamakhompyutha.
- "Umoya enethiwekhi . " Imibukiso ye-hacker enkulu "- indaba engenangqondo, ebonisa okuhlangenwe nakho kukaMitnick.
Wonke umuntu angafunda ukulawula izenzo zabanye abantu futhi asebenzise ulwazi lwabo ngezinhloso ezinhle. Ukuqondisa i-interlocutor esiteshini "sokunene" ngokuqinisekile kuyasiza futhi kunenzuzo, ngezinye izikhathi kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa abanye abaduni abangase babe khona, abaxhaphazi, abakhohlisi futhi bangabanjwa. Isikhathi eside se-SI kufanele sisetshenziselwe umphakathi.