Njengoba umlando uhamba, ugwayi waqale wafika eRussia nguPeter the Great. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siphumelele ngempumelelo ezweni lethu, elingazange libe khona kulo, futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa lihlwanyelwe ngqo esikhungweni sezimboni: cishe wonke umninikhaya angaziqhenya ngogwayi ekhule engadini yakhe. Izimfihlo zokubhema ukubhema ezifweni, sizohlanganyela esihlokweni sethu.
Ugwayi wokubhema - incazelo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlakulela ukubhema ugwayi endaweni yakini, akuyona into engafanele ukufunda kancane ngalesi sitshalo. Ngakho, ugwayi uyisitshalo somndeni waseSolanaceae. Emvelweni, kunenqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zegwayi, kodwa ezimbili kuphela zikhuliswe: intombi egwayi kanye namakhorka. Ukubhema uVirginia kuyinto ekhululekile kakhulu, kufinyelela kumamitha angaba ngu-3 futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. I-Mahorka ikhula kancane kakhulu (ayikho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1.5), inezimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithandekayo futhi ifuna kakhulu izimo zemvelo. Uma ukhetha uhlobo lwemakhorka lokukhula esitokisini sakho, kufanele ume ezinhlotsheni ezilungiselelwe ensimini ngayinye ethile.
Indlela yokutshala ugwayi kusuka kumbewu?
- Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukubamba kahle isikhathi lapho uhlwanyela imbewu yegwayi. Ngokuvamile, ukutshala imbewu yegwayi izithombo kuqala ekuqaleni kokubusika (ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari). Ngokuqinisekile ungahlwanyela ugwayi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi angeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele ngaphambi kwamaqhwa ekwindla, amlimaza.
- Njengoba imbewu yegwayi incane kakhulu, ukuze uyitshale, udinga ukuyixhuma ngesihlabathi. Ukuze kuhlume imbewu yegwayi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izitsha ezigcwele futhi ezingenalutho, zigcwalise umhlaba ungangeni ohlangothini olungama-10-15 mm. Hlwanyela imbewu ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, hlela i-mini-greenhouse: ikhava ngesikhwama seplastiki noma ingilazi. Inhlabathi ku-greenhouse encane kufanele ibe mnanzi, kodwa hhayi emanzini, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu iyovele ibole.
- Ukuze imbewu ihlume, idinga ukudala izimo ezithile: izinga lokushisa lika-23-28 ° C nokukhanya okuhle. Ukunisela izitshalo kuhle kakhulu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-spray.
- Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili wangempela ezinhlathini zikagwayi, zingakwazi kakade zihlukaniswe zibe iziqukathi ezizimele zomhlaba. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha, kubalulekile ukusingatha izithombo ngokucophelela, ngoba umonakalo wabo uzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
- Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kuqale ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho ingozi yamaqhwa ebusuku egcina ekudlulayo. Uma uhlwanyela phakathi kwezingqimba zekhefu lokushiya ugwayi ka 40-50 cm.
- Inhlabathi yokutshala ugwayi kufanele ikhethwe ukukhanya, igcwele umoya omoya. Imibhede yogwayi kufanele ibekwe endaweni enelanga, lapho kungekho khona ingozi yokuphuza amanzi. Njengoba ugwayi udinga i-potassium eningi, umbhede kufanele ugcotshwe umlotha noma udoti lwenkomo .
- Ukuthola ikhwalithi engcono
ukuvuna, ukubhema ugwayi kufanele kujeziswe - baphula cishe ingxenye yesigubhu sezimbali. Ngemuva kwaloko, ugwayi uqalise ngokukhululeka ukukhishwa ngamadayimani, futhi nawo angasuswa. - Ukuvuna kuqala kusukela emaqabungeni aphansi kakhulu, okuvuthwa ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu emva kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuvuna ugwayi nakho kunezici zayo: kufanele kuqoqwe kusihlwa, lapho amaqabunga equkethe amanzi amancane kanye nama-carbohydrate amaningi. Isibonakaliso sokuthi amaqabunga angaqoqwa yi-yellowing nokuqina, ukugcoba kwe-vein central. Uma ususa iqabunga elivuthiwe, ukuchofoza okuphawulekayo kuzwakala.