Ukulima amateur wezithombo ze-pepper ekhaya kufanele kuqale ebusika, ukuze ngesikhathi sokufika sikhule futhi sifike eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-100. Efulethini ukwenza lo msebenzi akulula, kodwa kuyiqiniso uma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ufunde kahle yonke imininingwane yokunakekela lesi sitshalo eseningizimu.
Izithombo ze-pepper ezikhulayo
Izinhlobo ezivuthayo nezomnandi ze-pepper zihlukaniswa yisikhathi eside semifino, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthola isivuno esihle esitshalweni esiphakathi emgqeni oqondile. Iqukethe umsebenzi we-nuance ukuthi izithombo zalesi siko azivame ukuphuma futhi zibekezelele kahle izimo ezisefasiteleni. Uma ukuxazulula inkinga yendlela yokukhulisa izithombo ezinhle zepelepele ekhaya, ukuza ngokujulile, ukulungiselela kahle imbewu kanye nenhlabathi, ukuhlinzeka ngamagciwane nge-backlight emihle, ngisho nasendlini elula yedolobha, ungakwazi ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Yini okufanele ucabangele lapho ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zepelepele:
- Ama-hybridi abiza okungaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa anezivuno eziphakeme futhi abaphansi bayagula.
- Ukunyuka kwezimbewu ze-pepper ekhaya kusuka emzimbeni wabo, okuvuna kusuka kumabhribhi, akunconywa. Izibonakaliso zomzali kulokhu zivame ukudluliselwa, okuthinta isivuno.
- Kunconywa ukutshala izinhlobo ngezikhathi ezahlukene zokuvuthwa ukuze ube nezithelo ezihlwabusayo phakathi nenkathi efudumele.
- Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esimweni sezulu esibanda (iSiberia, i-Urals) izinhlobo eziphuzile zivuthiwe kuphela lapho kukhona khona ukushisa okushisa.
- Ukuvuthwa kwepilisi yokuqala kunsuku ezingu-80-100, ngezinhlobo eziphakathi - ezinsukwini ezingu-130, izinhlobo eziphuzile - izinsuku ezingu-135-140 nokuningi.
- Ukuma kwe-fetus kuyinto eyindilinga, i-conical, i-cuboidal, i-oval.
- Ubukhulu besithelo buvela ku-5 cm ("Kolobok") kuya ku-25 cm ("I-Sweet Banana") nokuningi.
- Umbala wezithelo.
- Izimo zokukhula - zikhona amamaki akhethekile okwakhiwa kwe-greenhouse kanye nekhishi ekhishini.
- Ukuphakama kwehlathini kuvela ku-30 cm kuya ku-170 cm.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-pepper yokutshala ngezithombo
Ukulima ngokuphumelelayo kwezithombo ze-pepper ekhaya kutholakala kuphela ngokutholakala kwekhwalithi nembewu elungiselelwe kahle. Imbewu kufanele ibe yintsha. Ukuhluma okuvamile kuvame imbewu eneminyaka engu-1-2, emva kweminyaka engu-3 ukuhluma kungawela ngo-50%. Uma kukhona impahla endala, isheke kufanele senziwe kusengaphambili, isikhathi sokumisa pepper singashintsha kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-5 kuya kwezinsuku ezingu-30 nokuningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.
Ukwelashwa kwembewu ye-pepper ngaphambi kokutshala ezitshalweni kuthatha isisombululo se-2% se-manganese imizuzu engu-20 noma i-hydrogen peroxide engu-10%, bese uwahlanza ngamanzi. Abanye abalandeli baqhuba ukuqhuma emanzini nge-compressor on, egcwalisa uketshezi nge-oxygen. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le ndlela ikhulisa ukuhluma kwezithombo ekhaya futhi ijubane ukuhluma. Ubude balo msebenzi bufika emahoreni angu-5. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi impahla yokutshala ngesimo se-dragee noma i-capsules ayikwazi ukugcoba.
Kulungile kanjani ukuvuza imbewu yepelepele ngamahlumela?
Kulo mbuzo, lapho ukuhlwanyela imbewu pepper izithombo, abathandi baqondiswa izici ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhiqiza le nqubo kusukela phakathi kukaFebruwari kuya ku-Mashi 5, ukuze ngesikhathi lapho izitshalo zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile, zizothola izithombo nge-single flower bud. Ukusebenzisa abagqugquzeli bezokukhula , njalo ulandele imiyalelo echaza ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kanye nesikhathi sokuthumba imbewu.
Indlela yokucwilisa imbewu ye-pepper uma ukhula ekhaya:
- Ukungena ku-stimulator " Epin " noma " iZircon ", njengenye indlela, ungathatha i-potassium humate, i- "Albit", "Ideal" noma enye imithi.
- Okulandelayo, i-inoculum ifakwe ku-gauze emanzi noma uboya bekotini izinsuku ezingu-2, ukuyifaka nge-polyethylene.
- Ngokugcwele ukumboza ngembewu yamanzi akuvunyelwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwebanga eliphakeme oksijini kuyadingeka.
- Izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokuhluma kwepelepele zihamba ngokushisa cishe ngo-22-24 ° C.
Indlela yokuhlwanyela ikhasi elimnandi kwizithombo?
Ukukhetha ngokweqile kugcizelela ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kuze kube amasonto amabili, imithetho yokutshala i-pepper ezitshalweni ifaka ukuhluma kwezibhebhe noma i-tray evamile, ilandelwe ukudluliselwa kwamakhophi ngokubonakala kwamashidi amabili. Umthamo omkhulu wembiza ungama 1 litre noma ama-2 amalitha, kodwa lokhu kuyenzeka endaweni yokushisa evulekile noma ukusebenza nenani elincane lezithombo. Uma ukhula izithombo ze-pepper ekhaya, kufanele ulinganise izindebe ku-100ml - 200 ml noma ukuphakama kwesitsha se-15 cm.
Lapho ukutshala pepper on izithombo?
Ukulindele izinsuku ezilindelekile zokutshala i-pepper izithombo, sibheka izici ezihlukahlukene zesimo nesimo sezulu esifundeni sethu. Izitshalo zokuvuna zakuqala zihlwanyelwa izinsuku ezingama-60-65 ngaphambi kokutshala, izitshalo zokuvuthwa phakathi nendawo zitshalwe izinsuku ezingu-70. I-pepper ephuzi ephuzile idinga isikhathi esiningi sokukhula, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobonhlobo nezinhlanzi zihlwanyelwe izinsuku ezingama-75-80 ngaphambi kokufika okuhlongozwayo engadini. Amagama angaphakathi ezimweni zamakamelo ezindaweni eziningi - kusukela ngo-20 Febhuwari kuya phakathi kuka-Mashi.
Ground for izithombo pepper
Inhlabathi iyathandeka ukulungisa okuxekethile, kodwa okunomsoco, ukuze igcine umswakama kahle. Ezitolo ezenzakalisiwe, ama-substrate alungisiwe athengiswa, lapho kunconywa ukuba wengeze isihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 6 ukwenza ukubunjwa kuphefumule. Ukuhlakulela izithombo zamapulisi ekhwalithi ekhaya kungenziwa enhlabathini, okulungiselelwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezikhona.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba wezwe wokutshala i-pepper:
- Kudingeka ukuthatha izingxenye ezimbili zomquba obolile kahle.
- Sengeza izingxenye ezimbili ze-peat kwisitsha.
- Ukuze wenze ukukhanya kokuklanywa, engeza ingxenye engu-1 yesihlabathi esihlanzekile somfula.
- Sixuba inhlabathi.
- Sieve i-substrate nge-sieve.
- Khona-ke ungashisa ukwakhiwa kuhhavini noma ushaye umshini wokugcoba kabili ukuwukhipha imishanguzo kumagciwane bese ususa imbewu yokhula.
Ngicindezele kangakanani ukuthi ngibeke pepper ezitshalweni?
Uma isitsha sikhethwe umsebenzi, khona-ke umhlabathi ulala ekhaya 2 cm ngezansi emaphethelweni enqenqemeni. Imbewu ihlaselwa emva kwe-2 cm, ukuze amahlumela esizayo angabhidli. Ukujula kokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-pepper ku-izithombo kufikela ku-1.5 cm, emva kwalokho inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinkimbinkimbi ngezandla. Okulandelayo, faka isitsha endaweni efudumele, ugcine izinga lokushisa cishe ngo-25-30 ° C. Siqapha isimo somswakama futhi siveza ukusifiphaza okuvamile kwenhlabathi, singasivumeli ukuthi some.
Ukutshala pepper ngamaphilisi we-peat for izithombo
Ukutshala pepper kwenziwa kanje:
- Ukuze uthole umsebenzi, udinga ukuthenga inombolo edingekayo yamathebulethi ngobubanzi obuyi-4 cm. Kufanele afakwe esitsheni futhi athululelwe ngamanzi abilayo, elinde ukuvuvukala okugcwele kwe-substrate.
- Siphulukisa umswakama okweqile, yenza izimbobo phezulu kwezibhebhe kuze kube yi-1.5 cm ejulile bese ubeka imbewu elungiselelwe.
- Manje ufafaza izinto zokutshala ngenhlabathi, faka itreyi ngefilimu bese uyibeka endaweni efudumele.
- Amahlumela e-pepper emafilitheni we- peat ahlume kangcono ekushiseni kwama-25 ° C. Emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, isitsha kumele sithathwe masinyane efudumele elifudumele futhi elikhanyayo, futhi i-polyethylene isusiwe.
- Ngemuva kokuthi izithombo eziyi-3-4 zivele ezitshalweni, kanti izimpande ziqala ukuphuma emhlabathini, zidluliselwa ezindebe ezihlukene ezigcwele igciwane lesondlo. Lapho izitshalo zokufakelwa izihlahla zingasuswa ngokuphelele kuphilisi, kodwa inetha kuwo kuyadingeka ukususa, ukuze kungaphazamisi nentuthuko.
Ukukhula kwezithombo ze-pepper ku-cochlea
Ezingxenyeni ezincane akukhona njalo ukuthola indawo elula yokufaka amabhokisi nezinkomishi eziningi ezinezithombo. Ukuze ulondoloze isikhala, abalingisi basungula izindlela ezintsha zokutshala izitshalo zokuhlobisa nezokulima, ngokuvamile ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ukukhula kwamahlumela e-pepper ekhaya enkonzweni kuyindlela entsha, kodwa kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ngokushesha uthole ukuthandwa.
Indlela yokutshala i-pepper kwizithombo enkonzweni:
- Ukuze kusetshenziswe umsebenzi kubalulekile ukulungiselela isitsha esincane seplastiki yevolumu edingekayo, ingcezu ye-substrate ye-laminate ngebubanzi ukusuka emgqeni wephepha langasese kanye no-1.5 m ubude, i-pair of bands ye-rubber, iphakethe le-polyethylene, imbewu elungiselelwe nenhlabathi.
- Sibeka itekisi kusuka e-substrate etafuleni.
- Okuphezulu ngendwangu encane yomhlabathi oswakanyisiwe kanye ne-rammed.
- Ukushiya emaphethelweni we-tape kuya ku-2 cm, ubeke imbewu evuniwe nge-1-2 cm, uwacindezele kancane ngeminwe yakho emhlabathini.
- Esikhathini somsebenzi siyaqala ukuphikisana ne-cochlea, kancane kancane sihamba ngokuqhubekayo ne-tape.
- Ukuhambisa "umqulu" wesilinganiso esifanele, siwuqinisa nge-band elasana ukuze silungise isimo.
- Sifaka i-cochlea ku-butt ngembewu phezulu bese simboza amakhoyili ngenhlabathi, ukulinganisa ungqimba ophezulu.
- Sidlulisela umcengezi emgodini wepulasitiki.
- Gcwalisisa umhlabathi kusuka ku-spray.
- Simboza umcengezi ngephakheji, sakha i-greenhouse encane, siqinisa umqulu nge-band elastic.
- Ngokunisela okulandelayo, asiwathululi amanzi emhlabathini, kodwa ngaphakathi kwepani.
- Sasibeka le nhlanzi ibe ukushisa.
- Lapho amahlumela avela, iphakheji isusiwe.
Zingaki izinambuzane ezenza izithombo?
Uma ukhulile efasiteleni le-pepper, amahlumela avame ukubonakala engafanele ekhaya. Le nkinga ngokuvamile ivela lapho isebenza ngezinto zokutshala ezomile. Impendulo yombuzo wokuthi i-pepper ikhula isikhathi eside kangakanani kulezi zithombo incike ekutheni ikhwalithi ikhula futhi ihlume. Ukungathandwa kwe-stimulator kanye nembewu engahlwanywanga ingahluma kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-20-30. Uma ufuna ukusheshisa inqubo bese uthola izithombo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-15, okubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokutshala sekwephuzile, awukwazi ukunganaki ukuhamba.
Indlela yokunakekela izithombo ze-pepper?
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwamahlumela we-pepper kusetshenziselwa ukuchelela njalo nokugcina izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lika 26-28 ° C. Kulezi zitshalo ezingama-30-35 ° C zithuthukisiwe ngokushesha, ingozi yokuthola izifo zengwenya yanda. Sisusa ifilimu ngokushesha ngemva kokushaya amahlumela. Ukukhanyisa okwenziwe ngamapulisi ezinyangeni zasebusika kuyadingeka, usuku olumnandi lokukhulisa lesi siko - amahora angu-12-14. Esikhathini sezulu esibhakabhakeni, izikrini ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zisiza ukuthuthukisa isimo.
Ukuphuza izithombo ze-pepper
Bonke abasanda kushayayo bakhathazekile ngenkinga yokuthi bangayinisela kanjani izithombo zasekhaya ze-pepper. Ukwakhiwa kwe-crust eyomile ebusweni bomhlaba akuyona into eyingozi kakhulu kunokufakwa kwamanzi amaningi. I-caviar noma isitsha sokunisela kufanele senziwe njalo, kodwa ngaphandle kwenhlabathi esindayo. Amanzi aqhubekayo ngenkathi ehlwanyela enza " umlenze omnyama " nezinye izinkinga. Iyancipha ingozi yezifo besebenzisa i-substrate ngokubunjwa okulula nokuhlelwa kwezimbobo zokugeleza eziqukathi.
Ungakhetha kanjani pepper on izithombo?
Uma leli pepper likhulile ngamandla amakhulu jikelele, khona-ke idinga i-pike. Le nqubo yenziwa esigabeni samaqabunga amabili, ngaphambi kokukhipha inhlabathi. Dlulisa izithombo ukuze uhlukanise nabakhi bezimpahla ezilinganiselwe ngo-150-200 ml. Into esemqoka kule ndaba yindlela yokuqoqa izithombo ze-pepper ekhaya - ungalimazi izimpande zethenda futhi uthwale izitshalo ngokucophelela kanye ne-clod encane yomhlabathi. Intamo yentambo ingcwatshwe ngo-0.5 cm. Emva kokukhethwa, izimbiza ziyanisela futhi zifakwe emthunzini ngezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, emva kwalokho zidluliselwa emuva ku-window sill window.
Indlela yokudla izithombo ze-pepper?
Uma ukhula ekhaya izinyanga ezimbili, kancane kancane inhlabathi isiphelile, okuholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula. Emasontweni amabili emva kokukhethwa, ungakwazi ukuphuza ithisipuni lesigamu se-urea ne-2.5 ml ye-sodium humate ibe yi-1 litre lamanzi. Ukukhulelwa kabusha kufaka izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokuvela kweqabunga le-5. Yenziwa nge-urea (0.5 tsp / 1 litre amanzi) nge potassium monophosphate (1 tsp / 1 litre amanzi). Izitshalo ezilungiselelwe okwenziwe izitshalo ze-paddy sezifakwe kalula ezitolo. I-Ideal, i-Aquadon Micro, i-Orton Micro-Fe noma amalungiselelo afanayo afanelekayo afanelekile.