Uma ubhekene nesifo ezifana ne-cytomegalovirus, ukuthi kuyini nokuthi ngabe kuyingozi kumuntu - yile mibuzo yokuqala ofuna ukuyibuza ochwepheshe. Ukuxilongwa kwanamuhla kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu phambili ekutholeni izifo ezingakaziwa ngaphambili. I-Cytomegalovirus iyinkohliso, ayinikezi ngaso sonke isikhathi isithombe somtholampilo esicacile, nendlela yokuphatha ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele umzimba wegciwane kuwumsebenzi ophuthumayo odokotela.
Kuyini i-cytomegalovirus?
Ukutheleleka kwe-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) noma i-cytomegaly isifo esincane kakhulu esitholwa ngo-1956. I-Microbiologists ihloniphe leli gciwane njengelomndeni we-herpesvirus - igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lomuntu wesifazane . Imindeni ye-Herpesvirus yinkimbinkimbi kunazozonke zazo zonke izifo ezitholakalayo kuze kube yimanje, futhi zonke izifunda ezihlala eMhlabeni zihlupheka ngale ndlela noma ngaleyo ndlela. Umthombo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngumuntu kuphela.
Ukusabalala phakathi kwabantu yilokhu:
- 10-15% phakathi kwabantu abasha;
- kuze kufike ku-50% - iminyaka yobudala kusukela eminyakeni engu-30 nangaphezulu.
Ukuzinza kwe-cytomegalovirus kwimvelo yangaphandle akuyona into ebalulekile, ayibekezelelani izinguquko zokushisa, ukushisa:
- ngo-4 ° - isebenza kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-3;
- + 22 ° C (igumbi t °) - kuze kube amasonto amabili;
- + 37 ° C - ukuqedela ukuguqula igciwane ngamasonto amabili;
- -22 ° C - ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo emva kwamasonto amathathu;
- ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet ibulala emaminithini angu-7.
I-cytomegalovirus ihanjiswa kanjani?
I-cytomegalovirus (i-CMV) ibonakala kanjani, iyini, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokudlulisela ezikhona - lezi zindaba zihambisana kakhulu, ngoba igciwane linomthelela omubi emzimbeni. Ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, i-CMV "ibeka" amangqamuzana okuhle. Ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane kanye nabantu abakhulile abakhubazekile kwenza kube nzima ukukhetha izindlela zokwelashwa. Ngokuyisisekelo, indlela yokungena ngayo igciwane yindawo yemvelo yomzimba. Nakhu ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus kudluliselwa kanjani:
- igazi - ngesikhathi sokumpontshelwa, ukufakelwa komzimba, ngokusebenzisa amanxeba nokusikeka, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa, ngesikhathi sokubeletha (kusukela kumama kuya komntwana);
- umsila - indlela yokudonsa umoya (ukukhipha, ukukhuluma nomthwali wegciwane), kisses;
- isisu, ukugcoba kwesisu - ngesikhathi socansi;
- Ubisi - ingane igciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
Iyiphi i-cytomegalovirus eyingozi?
Amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba omuntu aqaphele impilo yakhe, futhi awela ezingxenyeni nezinhlelo zomuntu onempilo enomkhuhlane oqinile, i-cytomegalovirus ihlala esimweni esiphelile (isiteji se-virion) isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi empilweni yonke. Kodwa izimo zendalo zanamuhla zibuhlungu kakhulu amandla okuzivikela omzimba, ngakho-ke lesi sifo siyaqhubeka. I-CMV ingozi kubantu:
- kanye nemisebenzi yokuvikela ingculazi (izingane, asebekhulile, iziguli ezibuthakathaka);
- kuhlangene nezinye izifo, okuthiwa "ukuxubana okuqhumayo": I-CMV ne- HIV , i-CMV ne-hepatitis B, C ibangela ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwezifo;
- abesifazane abakhulelwe - kwaziwa ukuthi i- cytomegalovirus ekukhulelwe kungabangela imiphumela ye-mutagenic ne-teratogenic emntwaneni okhulayo.
Ukutheleleka okunamandla kwe-cytomegalovirus
Ukubonakaliswa kwanoma yisiphi isifo kuhlanganisa izigaba eziningana:
- ukutheleleka;
- isikhathi se-prodromal (esilandelayo);
- ukubonakaliswa kwezimpawu (isigaba esiyinkimbinkimbi);
- ukululama noma ukuguqula kwifomu elingapheli ngezikhathi zokuxolelwa.
Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi ye-CMV ibonakala kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ekufikeni kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo, ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-20-60. Ukumpompela igazi kungakhula ngokushesha. Ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus ye-Congenital itholakala ngokusebenzisa ukudluliswa kwe-placental noma ngenkathi kudlula isisu ngokuzalwa komsele. Ifomu eliyinkimbinkimbi ye-CMV ekusanda kuzalwa liyingozi ngoba lingavusa:
- ukuthuthukiswa kwe-jaundice yesana esanda kuzalwa nokukhuliswa kwesibindi;
- i-splenomegaly ;
- ukubola kwegazi ngaphakathi kwezitho zangaphakathi;
- umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi.
Ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus engapheli
Ifomu elingapheli le-CMV liboniswa ngokukhushulwa kwesifo ngokumelene nesimo sezinto ezihlukahlukene:
- ukubonakaliswa kwonyaka (ekwindla-entwasahlobo);
- imiphumela yesikhathi eside ecindezelayo;
- i-hypothermia ;
- ukungondleki (i-carbohydrate engasetshenzisiwe, ukudla okwe-starchy, uketshezi okwedlulele futhi okunamandla);
- impilo yokuziphatha ngokocansi.
Ngefomu elingavamile, amaseli lapho igciwane lingena khona ngokuyinhloko libhujiswa: izigulane eziyinkimbinkimbi, amangqamuzana egazi, izicubu ze-lymphoid, kanye nezibilini zamangqamuzana ezitho zangasese. Amaseli abe ngosayizi omkhulu, lesi senzakalo sibhekwa ngokuthi i-megalocytosis. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amangqamuzana "avuvukala" alahlekelwa amandla okuhlanganyela nokufa, okwenza ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungezile, lapho igciwane lizofakwa khona.
I-Cytomegalovirus - izimpawu
I-Cytomegalovirus iyini izimpawu, nokuthi ungabona kanjani ukuthi umzimba uhlaselwe ukutheleleka okungenangqondo? I-Symptomatology ye-cytomegaly enzima futhi engapheli ayiyona into ecacile futhi efana nokubonakaliswa kwezinye izifo. Udokotela onolwazi angase asole ukuthi kukhona isifo sobuningi bezimpawu, kodwa igama lokugcina lihlale lilandela ukuhlolwa kwe-laboratory yezinto eziphilayo zesiguli. Ukuthola ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus kubonakala kanjani - izimpawu zayo ngokuvamile zixhomeke ekuphenduleni kwegciwane lomzimba.
Ukutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus yamuva
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-cytomegaly engekho, umuntu uzizwa enempilo, engavamile nge-exaceration kungase kube nesimo esifana nesimo se-mononucleose lapho ukutheleleka kwe-CMV evelele kubonakala khona ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukhathala okwandayo;
- i-malaise;
- ikhanda njalo;
- ukukhukhumaza okungazelelwe nokuthuthumela kwamasipha;
- ukujuluka okubandayo;
- i-rhinitis evamile;
- ubuhlungu bendawo emisipha, amalunga;
- ukwehla kancane kancane embonweni (ukunqotshwa kwama-eyeballs);
- Ukwandiswa kwama-lymph nodes esakhiweni sokusungulwa kwegciwane;
- ukwephulwa komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane, ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokungcola.
Ngendlela evulekile, i-symptomatology ikhula kancane kancane, okokuqala ngendlela yokubonakaliswa okuhlukile, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umzimba uyacaca kancane. Izinkathi zokwehliswa okunye zihambisana nokuvuselelwa kwezimpawu. Izimpawu ze-CMV ezinganeni ezinamafomu ezitholile futhi ezitholakalayo (zibonakale ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala futhi zifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-8-9):
- ukuzwa nokukhubazeka kombono;
- i-ARVI evamile;
- isisindo sokuqothulwa kwesisu;
- ubuhlungu bomzimba nobuhlungu.
Ukutheleleka okujwayelekile kwe-cytomegalovirus
Imiphumela yokutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus ngendlela ejwayelekile ifana nomuntu onobungozi obunzima obunomzimba wonke. Umfanekiso wesitholampilo ngale fomu ukhanyisa kakhulu, izimpawu zikhula ngokushesha. Ifomu elijwayelekile lingavamile, ngezifo ezinzima: ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, isifo sofuba esithathelwanayo nesifo esithathelwanayo, isifo esibucayi esibhedlela. Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus kubantu abadala:
- umkhuhlane onokuthuthumela okukhulu;
- ngokushesha ithuthuka i-pneumonia ngokuphazamiseka kokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okulimazayo;
- isilonda esiswini nge-perforation;
- ukunqotshwa kwezinzwa zomzimba;
- ukuvuvukala kwe-retina yamehlo;
- i-leon multiorgan.
I-Symptomatic kubantwana abazalwa nge-CMV:
- ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo;
- i-chorioretinitis;
- isithulu;
- ubumpumputhe (i-atrophy ye-optic neva);
- i-hydrocephalus;
- ukungalungi kokuzalwa;
- ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa eziphakathi (ukwephulwa kwemisebenzi yokucabangela).
Ukuxilongwa kokutheleleka kwe-cytomegalovirus
Ucwaningo lwama-laboratory lwanamuhla ngesikhathi esifushane lubonisa i-causative agent yalesi sifo, ngoba ekuqaleni ukwelashwa sekuqalile, imiphumela yayo iphumelele kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-cytomegalovirus kubalulekile futhi ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, lapho abashadile behlela ukukhulelwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuxilongwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuthula kwengqondo kwabesifazane ekuthuthukiseni okuvamile ingane yakhe engakazalwa.
Igazi le-cytomegalovirus
Ama-antibodies aqondile ku-cytomegalovirus atholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-serological blood. Lolu hlobo lokutadisha luhlose ukuthola i-IgG / IgM immunoglobulins:
- I-IgG - ukutholakala kwalesi sigaba samagciwane okungahambisani ne-value enkulu yokuxilonga. Lokhu kuyinkomba yokuthi imvelo ihlangene nokutheleleka futhi ilandelwe. Kodwa enye inzuzo ye-anti-IgG antibody iqala ukuthola uma i-titer yabo ingaphezu kwesimiso ngezikhathi ezingu-4 - okubonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kugcwele, noma ukuhlangana okuyinhloko negciwane kwenzeka.
- I-IgM iyinkomba efundisa kakhulu yokuba khona kwe-agent ephathekayo emzimbeni, ngokungafani ne-IgG, lawa ma-antibodies ahlanganiswa ngomzimba kuqala, avela egazini ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lapho izimpawu ze-symptomatology zingabonakali.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCR (ukusabela kwe-polymer chain) - ukubona nokuhlukana kwe-genome ye-DNA ye-pathogen ngenhloso yokutadisha kubhekwa njengethuluzi lokuxilonga eliphumelelayo kakhulu ekutholeni i-CMV:
- ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kuze kube ngu-95%;
- ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbili;
- Ukuzwela okukhulu kusiza ukuhlonza lesi sifo esiteshini sokuqala.
I-Cytomegalovirus ku-smear
Ukuxilongwa kwezifo akukwazi ukusebenza kahle, ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni owodwa kuphela. Indlela eguquguqukayo ivumela ukuthi sithole isithombe sangempela sokuxilonga. I-Cytomegalovirus yabesifazane itholakele ngokuhlambalaza i-mucosa yesisu kanye ne-urethra. I-cytology ye-smear isiza ukuthola amasosha omzimba kugciwane futhi ithole amangqamuzana ayenziwe izinguquko zokuziphatha ngokubangelwa umonakalo wegciwane.
I-Cytomegalovirus - ukwelashwa
Isiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sempilo ukuvimbela, kodwa indlela yokwelapha i-cytomegalovirus uma lesi sifo sesivele sibonisiwe? Umsebenzi wesidakamizwa ukwandisa ukucaciswa kweziguli: indlela yokubona i-cytomegalovirus, ukuthi yiyiphi, imiphumela engaba khona uma izincomo zokwelapha zinganakwa futhi izincomo zesidakamizwa azisebenzisiwe. Ukwelashwa kwe-cytomegalovirus ukutheleleka kubukeka kanje:
- I-mononucleosis nehlobo olulandelayo lokulashwa aludingi.
- Ukwelashwa okuyisimangaliso kuhloswe ekuqedeni izimpawu.
- Ngendlela ye-intrauterine (congenital) ye-CMV, i-ganciclovir yezidakamizwa inqunyiwe.
- Uchungechunge lwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa ezifakiwe.
- Ama-immunoglobulins asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukuzivikela.
- Uma isilonda emlonyeni sidinga ukuhlanza ngesisombululo se-furacillin, ama-decoctions of herbs.
- Ama-ointments antiviral (acyclovir, tebrofenic, oxolinic) asetshenziselwa ukuhlukumeza okwemvelo kuma-genitalia angaphandle.
- Ukwelashwa okukhulu kwamagciwane kusetshenziswa esithombeni esinamandla esibhedlela.