Okubi kakhulu isisu emzimbeni, okufaka ingozi ngokushesha empilweni yomuntu. Ukugula kubonakala ngokubonakala kwamaseli ahlukanisa njalo, ahlukumeze kabi amathissi akhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi, i-foci yesibili ivame ukuvela ezingxenyeni ezikude. Ekuqaleni, ukukhula kwe-tumor kuyinkqubo efihliwe yendawo, ngakho-ke abantu abaningi abavumi ngisho nokusola inkinga.
Izimpawu nezibonakaliso zesisu esinonya
Kuye indawo yesikhumba kunamabonakali ahlukene. Ngokuvamile, ukuzwa okubuhlungu kubonakala kuphela kwizigaba kamuva. Kunezibonakaliso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zokuba khona kwesifo emzimbeni:
- izimpawu zendawo (ukuqinisa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ukuphuma, ukuvuvukala, i-jaundice);
- jikelele (ukulahlekelwa isisindo nesifiso, ukukhathala okukhulu, i-hyperhidrosis, i-anemia);
- izimpawu ze-metastases (ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu be-bone, isibindi esandisiwe).
Izinhlobo nezigaba zezithomba ezimbi
Izicubu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi amaseli avela kuzo:
- I-melanoma ivela kuma-melanocytes;
- i-carcinoma ikhiwa kusuka kumaseli ezinhlobonhlobo ze-epithelial (ibhekwa njengesifo esibi kakhulu);
- i-leukemia ivela ngenxa yecala emnothweni wethambo;
- I-sarcoma iyisifo esasakazeka emathanjeni, emisipha kanye nezicubu ezihlangene;
- I-lymphoma ivela emathisini e-lymphatic ashintshiwe;
- I-teratoma ivela kumaseli emibungu;
- i-glioma ikhula njalo izicubu ze-glial;
- I-choriocarcinoma isanda kusuka kumaseli angenasiphahla.
Isigaba sesifo sinqunywa ochwepheshe, ngokususelwa ekuhlolweni kokuqala kwesiguli. Zikhona ezine zazo, futhi zichazwe ngamanani amaRoma:
- I-i-tumor engekho ngamamentimitha amabili, i-lymph nodes esiseduze ayinamandla;
- II - neoplasm engaphezu kwamamitha amabili, i-metastasis ema-lymph nodes;
- III - i-tumor ayisebenzi, ama-metastases avela ezinkampanini zamasondo omzimba eziseduze;
- IV - noma yikuphi ubukhulu be-neoplasm, izitho ezizungezile zihlaselwa, i-foci yesibili ibonakala ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba.
Ukuxilongwa kwezicubu ezimbi
Ukuze kunqume ukuba khona kwalesi sifo nesigaba salo, kusetshenziselwa izindlela ezahlukene zelabhorathri kanye nezinsimbi:
- ukuhlolwa kwegazi;
- Imidwebo yefilimu kanye ne-fluoroscopy;
- I-MRI;
- i-laparoscopy;
- ikhompiyutha kanye ne-postitron emission tomography;
- i-dermotoscopy;
- i-biopsy;
- i-thermography .
Ukwelashwa kwezicubu ezimbi
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyisisekelo zokubhekana nalesi sifo:
- Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation - umzimba uvezwe emgqeni oqondisiwe wemisebe, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula kwe-neoplasm.
- I-Chemotherapy - ngosizo lomuntu ohlaselwa umuntu ulawulwa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezingathonya i-DNA yamangqamuzana omzimba, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabo noma ukuwabulala ngokuphelele.
- Immunotherapy - ukugoma ngamalungiselelo e-interferon.
- Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa - ukususwa kwesisu esinonya, esimweni eziningi esiholela ekubuyiseleni.
- I-Hormonotherapy. Le ndlela isekelwe ethonyeni lamahomoni athile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-neoplasm.
- I-Cryotherapy - umphumela esithombeni nge-nitrogen eyetshezi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphakathi kwamaseli abulalayo kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwemithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakristalu e-ice anethonya elilimazayo.
- I-Photodynamic therapy . Le ndlela isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezitho ze-photosensitizing eziqoqa ngokucophelela kuzicubu ezinonya. Khona-ke ukukhubazeka kugxiliswe ngokukhanya okukhethekile. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa inani elikhulu lama-radicals elibhubhisa amaseli e-atypical.