I-encephalopathy ezisanda kuzalwa yi-pathology yobuchopho eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhlukumeza kwe-cerebral, ukuxilongwa okuthile okuhlangene, okunikeza incazelo ejwayelekile yezimpikiswano ezenzeka emsebenzini wesimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi (CNS) wezingane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-neonatal encephalopathy
Ukuze kutholakale lokhu kutholakala, odokotela bahlola ukwehluka okungenzeka ekuphenduleni nasezindleleni zezingane. Ama-syndromes alandelayo (izinkimbinkimbi zampawu) angabonwa:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto ngendlela ye-hypertonic noma hypotonic muscle. I-neurologist kufanele ikwazi ukuhlukanisa le syndrome kusuka hypertonia ngokomzimba. Lokhu kuqondiswa amandla akhe ekunqumeni ukujwayelekile kwe-tonus, isici seminyaka ethile.
- Ukwandiswa kwe-neural-reflex excitability, etholakala ngesisekelo solwazi lwekhwalithi yokulala kwengane, ukululazeka kokulala, ukuthungathwa kwezandla, imilenze kanye nesikhumba.
- Ukucindezelwa kwesimiso sezinzwa, isibonakaliso salokho okubhekwa njengokulibazisa nokuvilaphaza kwezingane. Kulokhu, i-hypotension iboniswa, i-asymmetry yobuso nomzimba ngenxa yezwi elihlukile lemisipha. Ukucindezeleka kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko kuboniswa ngabantwana abancinyane abancinyane kanye nokukhipha njalo ngesikhathi sokugwinya.
- I-hypertension ye-intracranial , engaba yinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokwehla kwengqondo, okudinga ukuxazulula ngokushesha. Ama-alamu: ukwanda kwesikhala somntwana, ikhanda kanye / noma ukwanda kwipinanel enkulu, ukuhlukana kwe-sutures ye-cranial.
- Ukudabuka, okubalulekile ukucacisa kanye nokulingana okuhambisana nokuxubana (ukuxuba, ukuvuselela, ukunyakaza okuzenzekelayo, ukunyuka okukhulu), okungaba izinkomba zomonakalo we-CNS.
Izimbangela ze-encephalopathy ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
Lesi sifo senziwa ezinganeni ezingaba ngu-4 ku-100. Izizathu zingaba kanje:
- izinkinga kanye nezifo zokukhulelwa, kufaka phakathi usongo lokuphazamiseka kwalo;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha nokulethwa okunzima;
- ukuphazamiseka kwemithi;
- ukutheleleka komama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Umonakalo ovame kakhulu womonakalo omkhulu wesimiso se-nerve kuyinto i-hypoxia, okuphumela ekutheni i-hypocinia ye-ischemic encephalopathy yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa - ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni bomntwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngesikhathi sokubeletha nangenyanga yokuqala emva kokuzalwa, kubonakala njengokwezinkinga ezincane zezinzwa nemibandela engathí sina, isibonelo, ngesimo se-infancy cerebral palsy.
Ukwelashwa kwe-encephalopathy ezinganeni kufanele kube nzima futhi kuncike ekutheni ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ezibonisiwe. I-encephalopathy ebusweni iphiliswa engxenyeni yesine yamacala, uma ithola ngesikhathi.