Ukukhulelwa kokukhulelwa kwenzeka ku-15-20% wabo bonke omama abalindele. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokwanda kwegazi, i-edema, ukwephulwa kwezinso. Ukuphulwa okunjalo kuyathinta kakhulu ukukhulelwa futhi kubangele ukushona komama.
Iyini igestosis ekukhulelwe?
Odokotela be-Gestosis babiza i-syndrome, lapho kukhona ukwephulwa komsebenzi wezinhlelo eziningana zezitho (isibindi, izinso, isimiso sezinzwa, isifo senhliziyo). Isiyaluyalu isici sesigamu sesibili sonyaka wokuthoma. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, incazelo ye "toxicosis ephuzile" ivame ukusetshenziswa - ekukhulelwe lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi evamile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sifo siqala ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane ababengaphambili, ngaphambi kokukhulelwa, izinkinga zempilo. Lesi simo sibangela:
- isifo sesibindi;
- izifo zesifo sezinso kanye namagciwane;
- ukukhubazeka kwesimiso senhliziyo.
I-toxicosis ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi eside - izizathu
Kuyinto engafanele ukuphendula, ngenxa yokuthi kukhona i-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngasekugcineni, odokotela abakwazi. Kule akhawunti, kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo kubesifazane abakhulelwe:
- Ama-daggers yi-theory ye-vinculum. Ngokusho kwakhe, lesi sifo sinohlobo lwe-neurosis. Ivela ngenxa yokuphulwa kwendlela yokusebenzisana kwe-subcortex ye-cerebral kanye ne-cortex. Lokhu kuholela ekuphukeni kwesistimu yegazi, ukusakaza kwegazi.
- I-endocrine theory. Abasekeli balo bathi ukuphulwa kwezinqubo zokulawula, ukwehluleka kohlelo lokujikeleza kuholela ekushintsheni emsebenzini wezingqungquthela ze-endocrine. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo izinto eziphilayo zithinta ithoni yemikhumbi kanye ne-viscosity yegazi.
- Ithiyetha ye-Genetic. Ngokusho kwezithakazelo zezakhi zofuzo ezenza ukuhlaziywa okuqinile phakathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abanegestosis, lesi sifo sivame ukuvela kwabesifazane abanina omama ababhekene nezifo ezinjalo.
- Ithimba eliphansi. Isekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezinguquko kwinethiwekhi yezinthambo zesisu, esondla i-placenta. Lesi simo sikhipha ukukhishwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo eziphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesimiso sezinsana zomzimba womama.
Kuqala nini i-toxicosis ephuzile?
Abesifazane abakhathazekile ngekusasa lomntwana kanye nenqubo yokubeletha ngokujwayelekile, ngokuvamile abathandekayo kulo mbuzo, ngukuphi isikhathi sokuphuza i-toxicosis ekukhulelwe. Odokotela baphendula amaviki angama-20, kodwa phawula ukuthi ukukhulelwa konke kunezici zayo, ngakho-ke lesi sifo singathuthuka ekuqaleni. Isibonelo, ngokusho kokudokotela, i-pathology iqala ekuqaleni uma kwenzeka ukhulelwe kaningi futhi kunzima kakhulu (izimpawu zokuqala zivele kakade ngesonto 16).
Ukuvama kwegestosis ekukhulelweni okulandelayo kunciphise kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kube lula ukuthi lesi sifo senzeke futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwaqashelwa, amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwezifo ngokugqoka okuphindaphindiwe aphansi. Ingozi eyengeziwe ye gestosis ibonakala lapho:
- ukuletha izithelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu;
- uneminyaka engaphansi kuka-20 nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35;
- ukuba khona emlandweni womama wephulwa okunjalo.
Iyini ingozi ye-toxicosis ephuzile ekukhulelweni?
Ukukhubazeka kabi kuthinta inqubo yokubeletha, isimo sempilo yowesifazane okhulelwe kakhulu. Owesifazane ozayo uzoba nokuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezinhlelo eziningana zomzimba. Umthelela omkhulu uwela ezintsheni, isibindi, amaphaphu, isimiso sezinzwa. Ukutshela, yikuphi ukucindezeleka okungenzeka ku-toxicosis ekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kubalulekile ukunikeza:
- ukuwohloka kombono;
- ukwakheka kwe-thrombi;
- i-edema ye-cerebral ;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ;
- ukuwohloka komzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-toxicosis emibhalweni yamuva inomthelela ohlelweni lokubeletha ngokwaso. Ngokusho kokudokotela, nge-gestosis emnene kuya ekulinganiseni, umsebenzi wokuqala wenziwa ngamacala angu-10%, futhi ezimweni ezinzima ubukhulu benkinga enjalo yokukhulelwa kufinyelela ku-20%. Ukuhlukunyezwa kuvame ukuholela ekuphazamiseni okuyingxenye ye- placental , okuyinto eyingozi ngokuphazamiseka okuphelele kwenqubo yokugaya.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-toxicosis ekupheleni kokukhulelwa
I-toxicosis ephuzile, kuye ngokuthi inqubo yentuthuko, ihlukaniswe kanjani izinhlobo ezimbili:
- I-gestosis ehlanzekile - ivame ukuvela emasontweni angu-36 ukubeletha futhi kamuva, ihlala emavikini angu-1 ukuya kwangu-3. Ukuhlukumeza kuyinhloko - kwenzeka kubesifazane abakhulelwe ababengenayo izinkinga zempilo ngaphambili. I-pathology iqala kancane kancane, izimpawu ezikhanyayo azikho. Kukhona i-edema encane yezitho, ukunyuka okungaqiniseki komfutho wegazi, emcimbini kunezinhlobo zamaphrotheni. Izinguquko zesibindi, izinhlelo zokuphefumula nezokujikeleza azikho.
- Gestosis ehlanganisiwe. Iqala ngaphambi kokuhlanza, ezungeze isonto lama-20, linesikhathi eside (amasonto ayisithupha). Kungabonakaliswa ngezindlela ezehlukene, kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi yimuphi uhlobo lwe-disorder i-gestosis ephakanyisiwe. Ngokuvamile njengesici esivusa inkanuko kukhona:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus ;
- isifo sezinso;
- izifo zamathunjini;
- ukwephula kwesibindi.
I-toxemia ephuzile ibonakala kanjani ekukhulelwe?
Uma i-gestosis ivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngezikhathi zakamuva, izimpawu zokwephulwa kungenzeka zingekho. Ezigaba zokuqala zalesi sifo, abesifazane bangaqaphela ukuzondwa okuvamile, ukukhuphuka kokukhula, nokuhlanza. Lezi zimpawu zisekelwa ukungazinzi ngokomzwelo, ukwephulwa kwezinzwa: ukunambitha, iphunga. Phakathi kwezimpawu eziyinhloko ezikuvumela ukuba usolise igestosis ngesikhathi ukhulelwe:
- i-edema;
- ukucindezeleka komzimba;
- ukubonakala kwamaprotheni emcinini owodwa.
Ukukhulelwa kweGestosis - degree
Kuye ngokuthi iziphi izimpawu ze-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa udokotela ulungisa, uyini isithombe somtholampilo, kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo zenqubo yokwelapha:
- I-Dropsy yowesifazane okhulelwe. Efaniswa nokubukeka kwe-edema, okungahle kukhishwe ngokungenwa kweminwe. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi ukuvuvukala okwenyukayo akuhlosi njalo ku-gestosis. Ukugcinwa komzimba emzimbeni kwenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokwanda kweprogesterone, ukukhushulwa kwezifo ezingelapheki (varicose veins).
- Isigaba sesibili yi-nephropathy. Ikhula ngokumelene nesimo se-dropsy. Kubonakala ukwanda komthwalo ezinsweni, ukwanda komfutho wegazi.
- Preeclampsia. Ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso ezingenhla zemitholampilo (ukucindezela kwegazi eliphezulu, ukuvuvukala), kukhona amaprotheni emcinini . Lesi sigaba sihambisana nokuphazamiseka kwegazi ebuchosheni, ikhanda elibi kakhulu. Ukucindezela komzimba kufinyelela ku-160/110 mm Hg. Art. futhi ephakeme.
- I-Eclampsia yisigaba sesine se-gestosis. Eyaziwa ngokuphulwa komsebenzi wezitho eziningi zangaphakathi, ukubonakala kokuqothulwa, kungabangela izici ezihlukahlukene: umsindo ozwakalayo, ukukhanya, ukucindezeleka. Ukuhlasela kuqhubeka imizuzu engu-1-2.
I-toxicosis esedlule - yini okufanele uyenze?
Indlela yokuphatha igestosis ekukhulelwe - ichaza udokotela kuphela. Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kusekelwe ekuqedeni imbangela eyimbangela, ukusimamisa isimo sesifazane okhulelwe. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokusiza owesifazane okhulelwe onesifo esifanayo isekelwe ku:
- ukukhishwa kokuhlangenwe nakho nezimo ezicindezelayo;
- ukuthuthukiswa kombuso wezempilo wesifazane okhulelwe;
- ukulandelela ingane.
Gestosis - izidakamizwa zokwelashwa
Ngenhloso yokuqeda ngokushesha i-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukwelashwa kwesifo, odokotela bakhethe uhlelo lokwelapha olulodwa. Ihlose ukuqiniswa kwezinqubo eziphazamiseka emzimbeni womama ozayo, ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zokukhulelwa. Phakathi kwamaqembu asetshenziselwa kakhulu izidakamizwa ze-gestosis:
- antiplatelet agents kanye nama-anticoagulants: Trental, Heparin;
- i-hepatoprotectors: Essentiale, Karsil;
- ama-sedative: ukumnika i-valerian, i-motherwort, i-sedative;
- izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi: Euphyllin, Dibasol, Nifedipine, Verapamil.
Gestosis - ukudla
Ukukhipha ngokuphelele i-toxicosis ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi eside, kanye nokuthatha imithi, owesifazane kumele alandele ukudla. Ekudleni kufanele kufaka izithelo, imifino, amajikijolo. Phakathi kokunconywa:
- i-cranberry;
- i-grapefruit;
- i-avocado;
- i-viburnum;
- izithelo zase-citrus.
Ukuqeda i-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukudla kwamaprotheni kufanele kube nokudla. Lokho okuqukethe amafutha amaningi nama-carbohydrate, kubalulekile ukukhipha. Ukudla kufanele kuthathwe ezinxenyeni ezincane, isikhathi esiphakathi kwamanani kufanele sibe amahora angu-2-3. Uma kukhona ukungahambisani okuqinile kumakhaza athile, kungcono ukusebenzisa izitsha ezibandayo. Imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla, ungaphuzi amanzi, ama-juice. Umthamo weziphuzo eziphuzwayo ngosuku kumele ube yi-1.5-2 amalitha.
Ungakugwema kanjani igestosis ngesikhathi ukhulelwe?
Ukugcinwa kokuvikela kwe-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele kuqale esigabeni sokuhlela. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ukwelashwa kwezifo ezingapheli kwenza kube lula ukukhipha ukuhlukumeza kwabo lapho bephethe ingane. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelapha. Uma owesifazane ecabanga ukuthi i-toxemia ephuzile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, izimpawu zazo ezibizwa ngenhla, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukugcinwa kokuvikela kwe-gestosis ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwamanje kuthatha:
- ukunamathela emisebenzini yansuku zonke;
- ukungabikho komzimba, imikhuba emibi;
- ukudla okunempilo.