Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ku-oncology kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwelapha ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene. Isekelwe emisebeni ye-ionizing, eyenziwe yi-apparatus ekhethekile ngomthombo omsakazo omsakazo. Akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa isisu ngosayizi, kodwa futhi ukuqeda ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo zokwelapha imisebe
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa kwi-oncology, ngoba kwenza kube lula "ukushaya" esihlakalweni. Amaseli e-Cancer azwela emisebeni ye-ionizing. Uma i-irradiated, ihlukaniswe ngenkuthalo futhi izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zibuthelela ku-tumor, futhi izitsha ezikudlayo ziyingcosana. Ngenxa yalokho, uyafa. Kulesi simo, amangqamuzana avamile awabona kahle imisebe, ngakho-ke ungahlupheki kuwo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwelapha imishanguzo emvuthweni we-oncology:
- I-Remote - irradiation eyenziwa kude kancane esikhumbeni.
- Xhumana - idivayisi itholakala ngqo esikhumbeni.
- I-intracavitary - idivaysi ijojowe ngqo esikhungweni esilimele (isb., Isisu, isibeletho, i- rectum ).
- I-interstitial - umthombo wemisebe yomsakazo ifakwe kwisisu.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-irradiation elinjalo lungasetshenziswa njengendlela kuphela yokwelapha noma ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinye izindlela (i-chemotherapy noma ukungenela okuhlinzayo). Ngokuvamile, ukwelapha imisebe ku-oncology kusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa ukubulala ngokuphelele amangqamuzana omdlavuza, noma ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze unciphise ubukhulu besisu. Inkambo ye-irradiation ingahle ibekwe ukuthi umdlavuza uphinde ubuye ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane noma eside.
Ubani ongakufanelekeli i-radiotherapy?
I-radiation therapy inezimpendulo eziningi ezimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-epithelium emathunjini kanye nesistimu ye-hematopoietic i-hypersensitive to irradiation. Kwezinye izimo, ukuphulukiswa komzimba ngemuva kokwelashwa kwemisebe ku-oncology kuyoba nzima kakhulu noma kubi nakakhulu, isimo sesiguli sizoba nzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuvezwa kweminye imisebe ngeke kwenzeke nge:
- wabonisa izidakamizwa zokudakwa;
- umkhuhlane;
- ukubola kwesisu esibi, esihambisana nokuphuma noma i-hemoptysis;
- i-cachexia;
- ukuhluma kwe-tumor zibe izikebhe ezinkulu noma izitho ezingenalutho;
- umdlavuza omkhulu;
- izibalo eziningi;
- i-anemia;
- i-leukopenia ;
- i-thrombocytopenia.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kubuye kuqhathaniswe nalabo abanezinye izifo ezimbi ngaphandle kwesifo:
- i-infarction ye-myocardial;
- Ukungakwazi ukuphefumula;
- isifo sofuba, njll.
Imiphumela yokwelashwa kwemisebe
Ngaphandle kwe-irradiation eqhamuka emsakazweni isiguli sibonakala:
- itching;
- isomiso;
- ukuhlunga isikhumba.
Uma evezwe entanyeni nasekhanda ezimweni eziningi, izinwele ziphuma ezigulini futhi ukuzwa kuyaphazamiseka, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona umtshingo emphinjeni, ubuhlungu ekugwinya nasekuzwiseni izwi. Imiphumela ye-radiotherapy, ephikisa izitho emgodini we-thoracic, inzima kakhulu. Iziguli zakha ukukhwehlela owomile, ukuphefumula nokuzwela kwemisipha.
Imiphumela yomsakazo ezithombeni zesisu ingaholela ku:
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo;
- ukunciphisa ukudla;
- ukwephula ukuchama.
Iziguli eziningi zithola isifo sokushukela, isifo sohudo nokuhlanza. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa nge-oncology yezinhlayiya ze-mammary kubangela ukuqala
Uma le ndlela yokwelashwa ihlanganiswa ne-chemotherapy, i-neutropenia iyabonakala - ukwehla okubukhali ezingeni lama-leukocytes. Ukwelashwa kwe-radioactive kungabangela i-cystitis nokuthuthukisa i-cardiotoxicity. Kusukela emiphumeleni yamuva, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi:
- isikhumba atrophy;
- ukuphuza ukukhula noma ukuthuthukiswa kwethambo eliqinile;
- ukuchithwa kwemikhumbi lymphatic;
- i-asymmetry yezingxenye zomzimba ngamunye.