Umhlabathi wezithombo - izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokulungiselela ingxube

Ukuze imbewu ikhule, kubalulekile ukukhetha imbewu efanele izithombo, okumele ihlangabezane nezidingo eziningi. Ezitolo, ungathenga ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo noma wenze konke ngokwakho, ukuxuba izingxenye ezahlukene. Ngesiko ngasinye kukhona izinketho.

Iyiphi inhlabathi yezithombo ezingcono?

Ikhwalithi yezwe lokutshala noma yisiphi isitshalo ibaluleke kakhulu, ngakho kubalulekile ukuyikhetha ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezithile.

1. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ingavamile, ivumele kahle emanzini nasemanzini. Izakhi kufanele zixutshwe ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingxube ayinayo ikhekhe noma ilukhuni, futhi izimbumbulu nezinsika azifaki. I-primer yendawo yonke yezitshalo akufanele iqukethe ubumba, njengoba izokwenza ingxube engafaneleki ekutshaleni izitshalo.
2. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuzala, okungukuthi, kufanele kube nezinto eziningi eziphilayo kanye nenkinga yamaminerali ekubunjweni.
3. Emhlabathini akufanele kube khona ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, ama-spores of fungi, amaqanda ezinambuzane, imbewu yezitshalo zokhula, kodwa akufanele kube yinyumba ngokuphelele. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukutholakala kwe-microflora ewusizo, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke kube khona ukukhula izithombo.
4. Umhlabathi wezithombo akufanele ube yingozi, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwawo akufanele kube nokusawoti kwezinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-radionuclides nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
5. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi izingxenye eziphilayo ezikhona emva kokuxuba akufanele zibhubhise futhi zishise ngokushesha. Uma kungenjalo, imbewu izovele ishabalale.
6. Izwe elisetshenzisiwe akufanele libe li-acidic noma i-alkaline. I-index enkulu ye-acidity ngumkhawulo we-6.5-6.7 pH. Amanani afanayo afana namanani angathathi hlangothi.

Indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi izithombo?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izwe lenziwe ngokwabo noma kuthengiwe, kutuswa ukuba lilungele. Uma usebenzisa izingxenye ezahlukene, kufanele zihlungwe (ikakhulukazi emhlabeni nasemhlabathini). Ochwepheshe bathi ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yezithombo kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwamagciwane, izimpungushe namaqanda. Ngayinye yezinketho ezikhona kunezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo, futhi izindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuqhuma. Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala kwembewu, ubambe phansi emanzini okugeza amanzi amahora angu-2-3. Kubalulekile ukuthi ikhava nehlabathi ivaliwe.
2. Ukubala. Umhlaba ugcinwa isigamu sehora kuhhavini ekushiseni kwama-90 ° C.
3. Ukuqhwayiza. Kusukela ekwindla, kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi izithombo, ukushiya emgwaqeni, ukumboza, ukuze kungabi nesikhukhula. Inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuba isebenzise, ​​umhlaba kufanele ulethwe endlini, ukushisa, kuhlangene nezinye izingxenye futhi kuphinde kuqhutshwe ku-frost.

Ukwakheka komhlabathi kwezithombo

Abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukuthenga umhlaba esitolo, kodwa kusebenza kahle ukuwenza ngokuzimela. Kukhona izingxenye ezintathu ezibalulekile: umhlabathi oqhekekileyo noma omsundu, ishlabathi somfula kanye nenhlabathi ye-peaty yezithombo, isibonelo, i-humus noma i- compost . Njengengxenye eyengeziwe, ungasebenzisa i-sawdust, umlotha, i-coconut fiber, i-moss, u-choki, umanyolo wamaminerali, i-lime nabanye. Izingxenye zezitshalo ezahlukene zixubene ngezilinganiso ezahlukene.

Ukushisa kwenhlabathi izithombo

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukushisa komoya kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa izinkomba zendaba yomhlaba. Izitshalo ezihlukene, izinga lokushisa lingahlukahluka, kepha izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zingahlukaniswa. Umhlabathi omuhle wezithombo ngemuva kokuhlwanyela kumele ube nokushisa okungena kumkhawulo ka-15-25 ° C. Uma amahlumela avela futhi amaqabunga eqala ukudala, inani kufanele lihliswe libe ngu-16 ° С. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi, uma izinkomba ziphezulu, khona-ke lokhu kungabangela ukuthi iziqu zifinyelele.

Umhlabathi wezithombo zemifino

Akukhathaleki uma usebenzisa inhlabathi ethengiwe noma eyilungele, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezimfuneko.

1. Ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi oludinga izithombo, kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi kufanele kube nezakhi ezibalulekile zokudla: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Uma lezi zakhi zizoba okungenani 300-400 mg / l, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuwo, kuvunyelwe ukufakelwa izithombo ezindala. Izikole eziphakeme azivunyelwanga.
2. Ungasebenzisi umhlaba wensimu, ngoba unokubunjwa okungalingani, kukhona i-microflora ye-pathogenic nezinye izinkinga.
3. Ungathatha inhlabathi ye-cacti ukuze ukhule izithombo, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukunaka i-acidity futhi uma kudingeka ukulungisa, isibonelo, ngefulawa le-dolomite.

Umhlabathi wezithombo zamakhukhamba

Uma ufuna ukulungisa umhlaba ngokwakho, khumbula ukuthi kufanele uhlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo okukhulunywe ngenhla. Ungasebenzisa ama-formulations anjalo:

1. Ukuze wenze inhlabathi enhle yokutshala izithombo zekhukhamba, hlanganisa 1 ingxenye ye-sod land and humus. Ebhaketeni lale ngxube, thatha 1 tbsp. ukhuni lomlotha.
2. Ngezikhetho ezilandelayo, hlanganisa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo umhlaba ovela ensimini (okumele udlule izigaba zokulungiselela), ukuthengwa kwenhlabathi "jikelele" nesihlabathi.
3. Ukuze wenze umhlabathi ongcono kakhulu wezitshalo zamakhukhamba, udinga ukuxuba amalitha angu-20 enhlabathi enomhlabathi, 200 g we-superphosphate kabili, i-10 g ye-sulfuric potassium, i-80 g ye-ammonium nitrate kanye nezinkezo ezingu-3-4 zomuthi wokhuni.

Umhlabathi for izithombo of utamatisi

Ukuze ukhule utamatisi omnandi, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle inhlabathi yezithombo bese ukwenza izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela okulindelekile. Ngenxa yalolu mhlabathi izithombo zotamatisi zizohlala phansi futhi ubumnyama buyophela. Kunezinhlanganisela eziningana ezifanele:

1. Hlanganisa ngobuningi obulinganayo umhlaba wegadi, inhlabathi enamagatsha, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus. Faka konke. Ngokuhlukile, ebhaketheni lamanzi, uchithe 10 g we-carbamide, 30 g we-superphosphate no-25 g we-potassium sulfate. Isixazululo esiphelele sathula inhlabathi.
2. Ukuze uthole iresiphi elandelayo, engeza i-peat nesihlabathi ezweni le-sod ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Uma kungekho peat, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eyithengiwe, kodwa uma kungenayo izithasiselo kuyo, kufanele ubeke u-0.5 l wokhuni lomlotha kanye nezinkezo ezimbalwa ze-superphosphate ebhakedeni.
3. Ungasebenzisa le nhlabathi izithombo zotamatisi: ezingxenyeni ezimbili zomhlabathi we-turf, engeza ingxenye yama-humus kanye nesilinganiso esifanayo somhlabathi ongehlanzekile noma umhlabathi ophansi. Ebhekheni lenhlanganisela eqediwe kuthathwa ama-0.5 amalitha omlotha womlotha othulini.

Umhlabathi for izithombo iklabishi

Ukuze uthole amakhanda amakhulu esikhathini esizayo, udinga ukusebenzisa inhlabathi evundile ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi emhlabathini (umhlabathi) weklabishi isithombo kukhona i-peat composted noma isihlabathi elihlwanyelwe. Ungasebenzisa lezi zinketho:

1. Hlanganisa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo umhlaba we-sod, i-humus ne-peat.
2. Ngomxube olandelayo, thatha izingxenye ezingu-5 zomhlabathi we-turf - ingxenye enkulu, ingxenye yomlotha kanye ne-1/4 ye-lime nesihlabathi.
3. Kunenye indlela, efanelekayo iklabishi, ngakho-ke thatha izingxenye ezintathu ze-peat, ingxenye ye-turf kanye ne-1/4 yesihlabathi.

I-Primer ye-pepper isithombo

Kunezinketho eziningi ezifanele ukwandisa pepper, futhi phakathi kwazo umuntu angahlukanisa ukubunjwa okujwayelekile. Ingasetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene. Ukuze ulungise ingxube yomhlabathi, hlanganisa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo umhlaba we-sod, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula. Izingxenye ezinikeziwe zixutshwe kahle futhi zengeza ama-gramu angu-30 we-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate, nama-10 amalitha amanzi kanye nama-gramu angu-10 e-carbamide. Konke ukuhamba bese ushiye ukuze usomile. Ukuthola ukuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi olufanele izithombo ze-pepper, ungasebenzisa ingxube elingana ne-peat, i-humus ne-sod.

Umhlabathi wezithombo zamakhabe

Izitshalo ze-melon zizwela kakhulu emhlabathini, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi zivundile, zilula, zikhululekile futhi zibeke amanzi. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi inhlabathi enomsoco izithombo ze-watermelon ingalingana nokukhethwa kwamakhukhamba. Ukuze uthole ingxube efanelekile, hlanganisa ngokulingana okuhlukile umhlaba we-sod, isihlabathi somfula nama-humus. Ngama-10 amalitha enhlabathi ephelele, engeza i-1 litre lenkuni. Ngemuva kwaloko, umhlaba kumele ulashwe njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi izithombo, cabanga ngamanani amaningi:

1. Uma umhlaba we-turf ungakakulungiswa kusukela ekwindla, bese uwushintsha ngesitolo esenziwe ngomumo kuqala, kodwa khetha kuphela izinketho zekhwalithi.
2. I-humus esetshenzisiwe ibalulekile ukuhlunga ngesihlungo ukususa amagatsha, amahlumela kanye nezinye izinhlayiya ezingadingekile.
3. Ngokuqondene nesihlabathi, kufanele sibe mncane futhi sihlanzeke. Ngaphambi kokuyifaka engxenyeni yomhlabathi kufanele igezwe kaningi emanzini asebenzayo.

Umhlabathi wezithombo zomqube

Ukukhula izithelo ezinkulu kusayithi lakho akulula, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhokha ngokukhethekile ukulungiswa komhlabathi, okumele kube nokugcwele okuphilayo. Kukhona iresiphi eqinisekisiwe evunyelwe ngabalimi abanolwazi. Hlanganisa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo ezweni langasensimu evamile, inhlabathi ethengwe esekelwe ku-peat kanye ne-compost ngokuphelele. Esikhathini ingxube ingasetshenziswa ukubeka kancane izinkuni ash nomfula isihlabathi. Ukunquma ukuthi yini okufanele ibe inhlabathi yezithombo, kudingeka ucacise isidingo sokusungula ukwakhiwa okubangelwa nesisombululo esibomvu se-potassium permanganate, esizoqinisekisa ukuthi i-disinfection.

Umhlabathi for izithombo flower

Uma umgomo ukukhula izithombo ezinempilo zezimbali, zonke izeluleko zokukhethwa kwenhlabathi ezethulwa ekuqaleni zizofanele kulokhu. Umhlaba kufanele ube obala, okhanyayo futhi ophazamisayo ukuvumela umoya ukuba udlule kahle futhi ugcine umswakama. Kufanelekile ukunakekelwa ngolwazi oluhlobene nalokho okungafanele kuhlanganiswe enhlabathini yezithombo zezimbali, ezifana nomquba, umhlaba wezithombo, umquba wokuqala, izihlahla zemifino, i-hay kanye ne-peat ephansi.

Emasitolo e-flower, ungathola ukukhethwa okukhulu kwezingxube zomhlabathi ezenziwe ngomumo, isibonelo, "Flora", "Garden Land", "Violet" nokunye okunye. Ungasebenzisa izinketho zendawo yonke. Uma uthenga, qaphela ukubunjwa, ngoba ngokweqile kwezakhi ezingenakubona izimbali. Uma emhlabathini wezithombo inani le-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-nitrogen lilinganiselwa ku-300-400 mg / l, ngakho ngeke lisetshenziselwe imbewu yokuhlwanyela imbewu, ngoba amaqabunga ngeke akhiwe.

Izithombo zokutshala

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu nokukhetha izimbali kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise inhlabathi entsha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kunezinketho eziningi, okuyinto inhlabathi okumele ukhethe izithombo ezikhulayo asters:

1. Ukwakhiwa okulula kuhilela ukuxuba ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, 1 enezela izingxenye ezintathu ze-turf emhlabathini. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukukhipha amagciwane ngezwe.
2. Uma uthenga ingxube enhlabathini eyenziwe ngomumo, kungcono ukhethe okukhethwa kukho okhethekile kwabafundi be-asters. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola inhlabathi enjalo, bese uthatha izwe ukuze uthole izitshalo zezimbali bese wengeza isihlabathi, ugcine inani le-10: 1.
3. Kukhona enye inketho efanelekayo kwi-asters: hlanganisa izingxenye ezingu-4 ze-peat, izingxenye ezingu-2 zomhlaba wegadi kanye nengxenye yesihlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, faka umlotha, unikezwe ukuthi amalitha angu-10 enhlanganisela kufanele afake i-1 tbsp. Konke ukuxuba kahle, funga futhi wengeze u-1 tbsp. I-Perlite, ezosusa umswakama obuningi futhi ivimbele ukoma komhlabathi. Qinisekisa ukuphatha umhlaba.

Umhlabathi wezithombo ze-petunia

Omunye wemibala ejwayelekile kakhulu yi-petunias, emele emhlotsheni obanzi. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi inhlabathi yezithombo akufanele ibe ne-asidi ephezulu, ngoba imbewu ayiyikuvuka kahle. I-lime ingasetshenziselwa ukuthutha i-neutralization. Ngokuqondene namanani we-pH we-petunia, inani kufanele libe amayunithi angu-5.5-6. Inhlabathi efanele izithombo zingenziwa ngezandla, uma kunikezwa iseluleko:

1. Hlanganisa ingxenye engu-1 yesihlabathi nomsila we-moss, bese ufaka izingxenye ezimbili ze-loam. Uma uhlela ukukhulisa i-petunia ebhaleni, uxhuma u-30% wobumba oluhlanzekile no-70% we-peat ebomvu.
2. Uma ukulima kungenjongo yokuhweba, khona-ke isihlabathi kanye ne-moss peat kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo, futhi esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-loam ingxenye yegxolo le-spruce kanye nenani elifanayo le-perlite.