Izindlela eziningi zokukhulelwa kwenhlabathi ezisekelwe emithonjeni yemvelo sezivele ziyaziwa: ama- anyanisi , umlotha , i-garlic, ufulawa ugwayi, utshani, ama-eggshell, udoti noma umquba. Kodwa akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukutshala futhi umane utshale izitshalo ezithile ezweni. Izitshalo ezinjalo zihlanganisa amasardard, awaziwa ekuphekeni nasemithi, nakuba kungavamile kakhulu ukuba abalimi bakhe basebenzise umquba emasimini abo.
Umtsalane omhlophe uyisitshalo samafutha wonyaka, enezimpande ezijulile nobukhulu obukhulu obuhlaza, kusuka ku-30 ukuya ku-80 cm ukuphakama. Uma zikhula zivela izimbali eziphuzi ziqoqwe ngombhoshongo onamandla, uju elimnandi okuvela kuwo isithelo - i-pod ende ne imbewu. Namanje kuthiwa i-siderat - umanyolo ohlaza.
Izici zokutshala lwesinaphi
Ukuhlwanyela lwesinaphi ngaphansi komanyolo owufanelekile umhlabathi we-turbo-podzolic, ovuthwe ngamanyolo ephilayo, kodwa angakhula ngesihlabathi esilima esihlakulwa ne-peat. Ngeke ikhule ngokucacile, ebhukuda inhlabathi enomhlabathi kanye ne-solonchaks.
Lesi sitshalo esinomsoco esithandekayo futhi esinesineke, esithanda kakhulu ukuphuza ngesikhathi sokuhluma nokuhluma.
Iklabishi akufanele isetshenziswe njengesandulela, njengoba ivela emndenini owodwa cruciferous futhi unezifo ezivamile.
Kungani i-mustard isetshenziselwa ukutshala umhlaba?
- Njengoba lwesinaphi sinemipande engena ngokujulile emhlabathini, ikhululeka ngokukhululekile, isakhiwo iphinde isule.
- Uhlelo lwempande ngokwawo lukhipha into ewonakala ku- wireworm , ngakho igwema izindawo ezinjalo.
- Uma umthamo we-mustard ufakwa emhlabathini, ama-microorganisms amaningi avela enhlabathini, okusebenzayo nokuthuthukisa.
- Iqeda ukukhula kokhula, njengoba ikhula ngokushesha.
- Iyakwazi ukuhumusha okunzima ukudiliza izakhi (phosphates), engatholakali kwezitshalo eziningi, zibe ifomu elula kalula.
- Izimpande zesinaphi zivikela inhlabathi entwasahlobo nasekwindla ekukhuliseni kwamanzi nomoya, futhi ebusika kuvimbela ukuqandisa okukhulu.
- Okuqukethwe kwamafutha abalulekile kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo kungukuvimbela okuhle ngokuqoqwa kwezinambuzane kanye nezifo ezitholakalayo emhlabathini.
Ukuhlwanyela nini umkhumbi lwesinaphi nokutshala kanjani umhlabathi?
Umvalo omhlophe ungahlwanyelwa kuyo yonke inkathi: kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba, ukuhlwanyela noma yiliphi izwe elikhululekile. Kodwa isivuno esikhulu samasinaphi njengoba umanyolo ungenziwa kabili ngonyaka:
- entwasahlobo - inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala isiko lemifino (isibonelo: amazambane);
- ekwindla - emva kokuvuna.
Kungcono ukuhlwanyela lwesinaphi ngokushesha emva kokuvuna, ukuze ungabi nciphisa umswakama wethunzi futhi inhlabathi ayimile. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala:
- Hlela imbewu ngokujula kwe-1.5 - 2 cm emigqeni ebangeni elingaba ngu-15 cm (imbewu ukusetshenziswa kwamaphesenti angama-120-150 g ngamakhilomitha angamakhulu ayisithupha);
- ukufafaza imbewu ngemibhede, bese ubamba amahlumela ngama-rakes, uwafafaze umhlaba (ukusetshenziswa - 300-400 g ngamamitha ayizikwele eziyikhulu).
Izithombo zizovela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4.
Ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu, lapho isitshalo sikhula kufika ku-15-20 cm, isinaphi kufanele sitshalwe (kuyilapho amaqabunga asitshalo ehlanzekile, amanzi, kungcono ukukwenza kuze kube yilapho izimbali zalo zikhula). Khona-ke inqwaba ewumphumela ivulekile futhi ifakwe emhlabathini, isetshenziswe kahle ngamalungiselelo EM ("Baikal", "Shining", "Ukuvuselela", njll), ehlanganiswe nefilimu emnyama noma iphepha lokuphahla.
Uma ufaka uphawu lwesinaphi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukudilika kwezinsalela zalesi sitshalo kudlula kuphela uma kunomswakama okwanele emhlabathini, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kuyodingeka ngesikhathi sokusalela.
Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa isinaphi endaweni yakho njengomanyolo, uzoba nenhlabathi enhle ekwindla: ekhululekile, enempilo futhi ehlanganiswe nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.