Umsebenzi wokuzala womndeni ubonakala ekwenzeni ukukhiqiza inzalo enempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kuchaziwe yi-World Health Organization, impilo yokuzala yabesilisa nabesifazane iyinhlangano yokuphila ngokobulili ejwayelekile yokubeka ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithandwayo ngocansi, ukukhulelwa kokukhulelwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komama nengane. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, isici esiyinhloko esichaza umsebenzi wokuzala womndeni namuhla yisilinganiso sokuzala, inani lokukhipha isisu kanye nemibhangqwana engenamandla.
Ezinye izinkomba zezempilo zokuzala:
- usayizi wesilinganiso;
- inani labesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokubeletha;
- inani lezingane kanye nentsha;
- ukufa;
- ukwanda kwemvelo kwabantu.
Izinto ezonakalisa impilo yabantu bokuzala
Umsebenzi wokuzala wabesilisa nabesifazane uthonywa umkhathi, izinga lomoya, amanzi nokungcola komhlaba, umsindo, uthuli, amagagasi kagesi kanye nomswakama. Ukuzivocavoca kubonisa ukuthi ezindaweni ezinkulu nezindawo zezimboni impilo yezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, kanye namandla okuba nomama okukhulelwa futhi azalwe ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningana kunalezi zifunda lapho izinga lokungcoliswa kwezulu elingekho phezulu (amadolobha amancane, amadolobhana kanye nemizana). Ukwephulwa kwempilo yokuzala kubonakala futhi ngenxa yezenzo zemikhiqizo yezimonyo namakhemikhali asekhaya.
Ingozi eyinhloko empilweni yokuzala iyiphuzo kanye ne-nicotine, ithonya lalo ekukhuliseni livame ukucatshangelwa. Ochwepheshe bathi amathuba okuvela kwezingane ezingaphansi kwemindeni lapho bobabili abalingani baphatheka khona utshwala, cishe ulingana no-100%. Emacaleni angu-30%, imibhangqwana enjalo ayinamandla.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zempilo yokuzala
Ukuvikelwa kwempilo yokuzala kuhlanganisa izinto ezithile, izindlela kanye nezinhlelo ezixazulula izinkinga zemisebenzi yokuzala futhi zihloswe ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yomndeni wonke noma umuntu oyedwa. Esinye sezimpikiswano ezisemqoka ezizofika manje ekuvikeleni umsebenzi wokuzala womndeni ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Phakathi kokuyinhloko: i-HIV / ingculaza, isifo sofuba, i-gonorrhea, i-chlamydia ne-mycoplasmosis.
Inkinga ebaluleke ngokulinganayo yokuvikela impilo yokuzala iyakhipha isisu, kufaka phakathi ubugebengu futhi inengozi, emva kwalokho, njengoba umthetho, amazinga okukhulelwa okuphindaphindiwe ashesha ngokuya e-zero. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu lokukhipha isisu livela kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-18-25. Idatha enjalo idumaza kakhulu, ngoba yiloluhlu lwabesifazane ababeka ithemba lokukhulisa izinga lokuzalwa. Imithombo yezokwelapha ibika ukuthi u-60% wokukhipha isisu kutholakala ezinkingeni, okungu-28% kuzo izifo zobulili, 7% - ukuphuma kwegazi okwesikhathi eside, umonakalo we-3% - ezithombeni zomzimba.
Ukuhlela Komndeni kanye Nempilo Yokuzala
Imisebenzi yokuzala emphakathini yenziwa ngumndeni. Yinkinga yomndeni osanda kusebenza kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi izinga lokuzalwa liye lawa ngokushesha ngonyaka, okungaholela ekunciphiseni kwabantu.
Ukuvikelwa kwempilo yokuzala nokuhlela umndeni manje kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umbuso. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomqondo wokuvikelwa kwempilo yokuzala, kuhlelwe ukuthatha izinyathelo eziningi, phakathi kwazo:
- ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esingokomthetho sosizo lokuzala;
- izinyathelo zokuvimbela;
- ukusungulwa kwezindlela ezintsha zokuxilongwa nokuphathwa;
- ukusekelwa ngokwezimali kwemindeni njengesibonelo esiyinhloko somsebenzi wokuzala kwabantu.