Izimbali eziningi zefilosofi zithintana kakhulu nezinkolo zasendulo nezinkolo zamasiko. Ngalezo zinsuku i-polytheism yayiyinto evamile, futhi emkhakheni ngamunye kwakukhona unkulunkulu othize. Enye yezinhlamvu ezidumile zamasiko asendulo kungunkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar.
Ubani u-Ishtar?
UbuNkulunkulu besifazane obumbene bama-Akkadian mythology kunezizwe kwamanye amazwe, isibonelo, eGibhithe kuthiwa yi-Astarte, futhi eGreece ngenye yezinto ezifaniswayo ze-Aphrodite. Uma unesithakazelo, u-Ishtar unkulunkulukazi walokho, okungukuthi, yiphi isigaba ayiphendulayo, khona-ke ubhekwa njengomuntu othandekayo wothando. Kuzo zonke iziqu zayo, ukubonakaliswa kwesimo sesifazane kanye nobulili . Kuhlotshaniswa nakho konke okuhlobene nokulala, kufaka phakathi ukuguquka. U-Ishtar ungunkulunkulukazi onamandla futhi idemoni lokuqina. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa yi-patroness of isifebe nama-courtesans.
U-Ishtar wayephi?
Ngokusho kolwazi lomlando, ekhulwini lesi-7 BC ensimini ye-Iran yanamuhla kwakukhona amazwe amaningana, futhi wabiza le ndawo yaseMesopotamiya. Unkulunkulukazi wothando nokuzala u-Ishtar wayenethonya elikhulu kubantu, ngakho-ke inkolo yakhe yasakazeka ezindaweni ezihlukene, kodwa indawo eyinhloko yokukhulekela kwayo yimbuso wase-Akkadian. Izinganekwane azibonisi ukuthi unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar uqobo uhlalaphi, kodwa kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi wehla waya ephasini futhi wakhuphukela ezulwini.
Umyeni ka-Ishtar
Umka-unkulunkulukazi wothando uyamhlonipha uBhali, onguNkulunkulu wezakhi zaseSiriya. Wayengunkulunkulu wokuzala, ilanga nempi. Ezikhathini zasendulo, igama elithi "uBali" laliyi-epithet yokuqoka onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene namagoya aseSemites lasendulo. Indoda kazinkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar yavusa ukwesaba kubantu futhi yamxosha, yanikelwa imihlatshelo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Izazi-mlando eziningi zibhekisela kuBali unkulunkulu wokuqala wokulondoloza umhlaba wonke. Umlingani u-Ishtar wayenegama elilodwa - uBhali kanye namakhosi amaningi nabafundisi bezenkolo, bambheka njengesidemoni esibi esihogweni.
Izingane I-Ishtar
Ayikho ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nenzalo yonkulunkulukazi wothando, kodwa kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi wayenendodana. Eqinisweni, u-Ishtar wayenabathandi abaningi, hhayi kuphela phakathi konkulunkulu nabantu, kodwa nezilwane. Wayehlukaniswa nokuthanda kwakhe okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuphefumula. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ngenxa yalokhu, lobuNkulunkulu bakhethwa yizongqingili kanye nezifebe njengendoda. Unkulunkulukazi wothando u- Ishtar wabhubhisa abathandekayo bakhe ngesifiso esaba yizikhonkwane ezinzima. Mhlawumbe, ngenxa yalokhu, wayengenayo izingane.
Ingqikithi yenkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar
Esikhathini esidumile esithi "iTale of Gulgamesh" utshelwe ukuthi unkulunkulukazi wabhubhisa uTammuzi wakhe othandekayo, owayengunkulunkulu wokuzala. Isenzo sakhe sabangela ukungqubuzana nezinye iziqephu. Umlando ka-Ishtar usho ukuthi ukuze ahlasele icala lakhe, wehlela endaweni ebumnyama yabafileyo, ebuswa udadewabo. Unkulunkulukazi kumele adlule emasangweni ayisikhombisa, futhi umkhawulo ngamunye kumele abuyele emuva - ubucwebe bakhe, okwamncisha amandla namandla. Ngenxa yalokho, wangena embusweni ophansi wangena enqunu futhi engenakuzivikela.
Udade ozondayo uyathumela izifo ezingu-60 kuye futhi uvale esigodlweni, ukuze ahlupheke lapho. Ngalesi sikhathi akusikho kuphela unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar ohluphekayo, kodwa bonke abantu emhlabeni, njengokwemvelo kuqala, futhi izinyoni, izinyoni nabantu abakwazi ukukhiqiza. Unkulunkulu ophakeme Aye uqonda inhlekelele yalesi simo, u-oda wokuvuselela unkulunkulukazi wothando. Njengesihlengo, ushiya uTammu wakhe othandekayo endaweni emnyama.
Unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar uyisimboli
Esinye sezibonakaliso ezibalulekile zalesi sinkulunkulu yimbuthano, iboshwe ngebhebhoni, ngaphakathi kwayo inkanyezi enezinkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili. Kulesi sibalo, umbuthano ubonisa isibhakabhaka, futhi inkanyezi imelela ilanga. Uphawu lwezintombikazi u-Ishtar yizulu elicacile, elihlanganisa unkulunkulukazi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zalo mdwebo osetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukene, isibonelo, kukhona inkanyezi ka-Ishtar, eyayisetshenziselwa ukushicilelwa uphawu lwababusi eBabiloni, ezinye izithombe zitholakala emifanekisweni yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nemidwebo ehlukahlukene.
Ukukhulekela kuka-Ishtar
Umkhuba owaziwa, ongenziwa ukuveza unkulunkulukazi wothando inhlonipho yakhe bese uphendukela kuye ukuze uthole usizo. Ukusebenzisa kuvunyelwe kuphela esimeni lapho kungasebenzi khona isikhathi eside ukuxazulula inkinga ebalulekile. Qaphela ukuthi izingxenye eziyinhloko zethonya u-Ishtar - ukuphila komuntu siqu, kodwa futhi kusiza ezindabeni ezibonakalayo nasezingxabaneni ezihlukahlukene. Umkhuba uqukethe izigaba eziningana:
- Kubalulekile ukuqala usuku emini futhi kuhle uma ilanga likhanya phezu kwe-altare ekwakhiwe. Uma ngabe umcimbi ugcinwa endlini, kuyadingeka ukuvula iwindi.
- Yakha i-altare, okufanele ibe yilapho ephansi, futhi ihlanganiswe ngendwangu emhlophe. Okuhle kunakho konke, uma kwenziwa nge-silika. Emaceleni nasemaphakathi, faka amakhandlela amhlophe.
- Ngiseduze nekhandlela, ekhoneni elingakwesokunxele eliseduze, faka i-crystal goblet egcwele ubisi. Emva kwakhe wabeka umcengezi ngamakhemikhali anjalo: 1 ingxenye ye-sage nomhlonyane, nezingxenye ezimbili ze-calendula. Izimila zidinga ukushiswa futhi zikhishwe amalangabi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuze ziphephe. Ekhoneni eliseduze eliseduze, faka isithombe sejuba elimhlophe.
- Yima emadolweni akho, bese-ke, ngezwi elidabukisayo, umthandazo ka-Ishtar kufanele ufundwe. Ngemuva komugqa ngamunye, kubalulekile ukwenza umnsalo, ukuze ikhanda lithinte phansi.
- Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, akukho micabango emibi, futhi unkulunkulukazi u-Ishtar wahlangana, khona-ke kuyoba nomkhuhlane. Thatha i-goblet nobisi, utshele isakhiwo futhi uphuze konke.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, phendukela kunkulunkulukazi ngamazwi akho bese umcela usizo ekuxazululeni inkinga ekhona. Qinisekisa ukumthembisa ukuthi uzondla amajuba futhi azomdumisa njalo emicabangweni yakhe. Yisho okuhle, khipha amakhandlela notshani. Ifasitela kufanele ihlale ivulekile kuze kube yilapho yonke intuthu ishiyiwe.
- Uma ngabe oxhumene naye engafakiwe kusukela okokuqala, akudingeki ukuba uphelelwe ithemba, futhi usakwazi ukuzama futhi, ngosuku olulandelayo kuphela. Kuvinjelwe ukwenza lo mkhuba izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngosuku.