Abantu-albinos babe nokubonakala okugqamile, kodwa lokhu akuyona into yabo eyinhloko. Ukuntuleka kwe- melanin kwenza umzimba ube yingozi kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi kuholela ezinkingeni eziningana. Awukwazi ukuqeda inkinga, ungathatha kuphela izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa isimo sakho.
Ubani ama-albinos?
Kukholelwa ukuthi abameleli bendabuko babantu kufanele baveze izintambo, isikhumba esiluhlaza namaso abomvu. Eqinisweni, ubu-albino emadodeni abubonakalisa futhi abukho ngokuphelele, aba yizifiso ezingaphandle. Umthwali we-this anomaly akakwazi ukuhlala engazi, ngoba ngokuvamile kuvame ukulimaza empilweni kanye nesidingo sokukhokha ngokwengeziwe isimo sesikhumba.
Emazweni anezinga eliphansi lemfundo, kunezinkolelo-ze eziningi ezihlobene nalesi simo. Abahlengikazi baseTanzania babona ama-albin njengosongo kwabanye, okuholela ekuxosheni noma ekumemezelweni kokuzingela. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, laba bantu babalwe amandla okuphulukisa, ngakho bazama ukuthola isampula esimhlophe noma ingxenye ethile yokudala umculi noma ukudla.
Ingabe i-albinism izuzwa njengefa?
Ngeke kwenzeke, ayikwazi ukusakazeka ngamaconsi amancane, ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukuxhumana nomzimba. Abantu base-albino bayayithola kubazali babo noma ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezenzeke ngezidingo ezingaziwa. Ukuhluka okuvame ukwenziwa njalo, lapho isakhi sobulili sivela okhokho. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba womntwana uyeka ukukhulula i-enzyme edingekayo.
I-albinism izuze kanjani ifa?
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, bonke sebevele bahlelelwe umbala othize wesikhumba, izinwele namahlo. Isibopho salokhu sithathwa yizakhi zofuzo eziningana, noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa ngisho nanye okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuhlanganiswa kwe-pigment. I-Albin izuzwe njengefa kubantu njengendlela ehlukumezayo noma ephezulu. Esimweni sokuqala, ukuthola umphumela onjalo, inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo eziphikisayo kuyadingeka, esimweni sesibili, ukubonakaliswa kuzozinza esizukulwaneni ngasinye. Ngakho-ke, izingane ze-albino azibonakali kumbhangqwana, lapho omunye wabazali enza njengengxenye yecode ikhodi ephukile.
Izimbangela ze-albinism
I-Melanin inesibopho sokubala umbala, okuncane, umbala ulula. Ukuntuleka noma ukungahlali ngokuphelele kwe-pigment kuchazwa yi-albinism yesifo, okungaba nokubonakaliswa okuhlukile kokukhanya. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin kufana ne-tyrosinase, i-enzyme, okuqukethwe kwayo okuhloswe ngokofuzo. Uma ukuhlushwa kwayo noma umsebenzi wakho omncane, i-melanin ngeke ivele.
I-albinism - izimpawu
Kunamazinga ahlukene obukhulu besifo. Kuxhomeke kubo, yiziphi izimpawu zobu-albino ezivela ohlwini ezizobe zikhona kumuntu.
- ukwehlisa noma ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwesikhumba, izinwele nezipikili;
- ukwephula ukuthuthumela;
- ukukhazimula , ukulibaziseka noma ukukhula kokweqile kwezinwele ezindaweni ezingenamkhawulo;
- izitsha ezimakwe kahle e-iris;
- ukusabela okubuhlungu ekukhanyeni.
Izinhlobo zobu-albinism
- Okuphelele. Lena yindlela evelele kakhulu, kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-10-20 kuba ngumnikazi oyedwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi kunamaphesenti ama-1.5% wezakhi zofuzo ezinemibala evamile. Ubuningi be-albinism kubantu, uphawu olubi kakhulu, lubonakala ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Ibonakala ngokudumala okuphelele kanye nesikhumba esomile, amehlo ane-tinge ebomvu, ukuphazanyiswa okubukwayo nokuphendula okuqinile ekukhanyeni. Isikhumba sishisa ngokushesha elangeni, izindebe zivutha. Abantu-albinos bajwayele ukungabi nabantwana , ukutheleleka okuvamile, ngezinye izikhathi amaphutha okuthuthukiswa nokungaziphathi kahle kwengqondo kubonakala.
- Akuphelele. I-albinism inguquko ezuzwa ifa elibalulekile. Umsebenzi wakhe we-tyrosinase unciphisa, kepha imisebenzi yayo ayivinjelwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, umbala wesikhumba, izipikili nezinwele kuphela buthakathaka, amehlo ngokuvamile avame ukubhekana nobuhlungu ekukhanyeni.
- Okuyingxenye. Kuthunyelwe ngefa ngendlela efanayo nangaphambili. Kubonakala ukuguqulwa kwamatshe ezindaweni ezithile zesikhumba nezinwele zezinwele, ezindaweni ezibekwe eceleni kunezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Kubonakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, ukuthuthukiswa ngeminyaka ayitholi, akukho nhlobo empilweni.
Indlela yokuphatha ubu-albinism?
Ukugcwaliseka kokuntuleka kwe-pigment akunakwenzeka, isingeniso saso ngaphandle singasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo wukuthi i-albinism iyaphathwa yini, yinto engalungile kuphela. Kodwa kukhona ithuba lokulungisa izinkinga ezihamba nazo. Ngokuvamile kukhona ukukhubazeka okubukwayo, ukuwalungisa asebenzise:
- izibuko kanye nama-lens;
- Ukusebenza (nge- strabismus akuvamile ukunikeza umphumela oyifunayo).
I-albinism - Izincomo Zomtholampilo
Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka kukwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa, emva kwalokho umchwepheshe anganikeza izincomo kuphela. Kodwa u-albinism kubantu awusophelele, ke izindlela ezikhethekile zidinga ukuhlolwa okunembile kwalesi simo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA. Usiza ukutadisha izinwele zezinwele bese ubonisa ukuthi kukhona i-tyrosinase.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ophthalmologist. Ukuhlolwa kwe-fundus, iris nencazelo ye-nystagmus.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Izifo ze-thrombocytes, kubantu abaningi, i-albinos, uhlelo lwegazi lwe-coagulation alufani nokujwayelekile.
Ngemva kokucwaninga okudingekayo udokotela wenza uhlu lwezinyathelo ezizosiza ekuthuthukiseni isimo. Ngaphandle kokwelapha izinkinga ngombono, ungenza lokhu okulandelayo.
- Amalazi angenayo lapho efika emgwaqweni noma egqoke unomphela.
- I-Cream enezinga eliphakeme lokuvikelwa emisebeni ye-UV yezindawo ezivulekile zomzimba.
- Izembatho namahhashi, okuvela elanga. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nesakhiwo semvelo ukugwema ukucasuka isikhumba esibucayi.
- Ngohlobo oluthile, i-beta-carotene inconywa ukuthuthukisa umbala wesikhumba.
I-albinism - imiphumela
Ukungabi khona kwe-tyrosinase, ngaphezu kokusabela kwamehlo okukhanya ekukhanyeni nokuzwela okukhulu emisebeni ye-UV, kungaholela ku:
- ukunciphisa okukhulu kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
- i-astigmatism;
- i-strabismus;
- ukucaca kwe-iris;
- ukunyakaza okungabonakali kwama-eyesballs.
Ukuma kweso kutholakala kuphela kumadoda, abesifazane - kuphela abathwali. Amehlo e-albino, ngisho nhlobo uhlobo lwesifo, alubomvu. Babonakala njengalezi kuphela ezithombeni ngenxa ye-flash eveza izitsha zegazi ezimakwe kahle. Ingxenye yangaphambili ye-iris iqukethe ama-collagen fibers, anemibala ye-ingress nokuhlakazeka kombala. Emuntwini onempilo, umbala wamehlo uxhomeke kubuningi bendawo futhi ukuhlushwa kwe-melanin, i-albinism iqeda iphuzu lesibili, ngakho-ke ngalesi sifo, amehlo:
- i-blue;
- i-blue;
- grey;
- grey emnyama.
Zingaki albinos eziphilayo?
Ukungabi khona kwe-pigment akuthinti kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila, kunganciphisa izifo ezithintekayo. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kunikezwe kubanikazi befomu eliphelele, kodwa abakwazi ukuzwa ukukhathazeka okuphawulekayo uma izincomo zesidakamizwa zigcinwa. Iminyaka emingaki i-albinos ebonakalayo ngokubonakaliswa okuyingxenye, futhi, ayikwazi ukubikezelwa, ngoba kungenzeka ingaboni izici zayo. Ngakho-ke, phambi kwalokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, umuntu akufanele akhathazeke, akuyona into ebulalayo.