Lapho uneminyaka engama-2.5-3, umbono wengane kufanele uhlelwe ngokugcwele. Uma ingane igula nge-strabismus (strabismus), kubalulekile ukuvakashela ngokushesha i-ophthalmologist bese uqala ukwelashwa okuphelele. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, izinkinga ezingenakuguquka zingenzeka, futhi ubuciko obubonakalayo buyophuthuma ngokushesha.
Izinhlobo ze-strabismus
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesimo sokukhwabanisa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- indiza yomfundi ukuphambukela esimweni esivamile;
- ukubandakanya kwamehlo;
- ukuzinza kwesifo;
- ukuhlupheka;
- isizathu esiyinhloko;
- ukuveza kwangaphandle.
Ngokuphambuka komfundi kusuka e-axis efanele, i-strabismus ezinganeni ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu alandelayo:
- ukuhlukana;
- i-convergent;
- okuqondile;
- kuxutshwe.
Ngokuhambisana nokubandakanyeka kwe-eye pathology kuhlukaniswe phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili:
- i-monolateral;
- ukushintsha.
Ngokuya kwezimpawu zokubonakaliswa, i-Strabismus inamafomu amabili:
- ukuqhubeka;
- ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izigatshana zesifo ngokusho kwezinga lokuphambana kwamehlo kusuka emgodeni wendawo:
- ubuncane (kufika ku-degrees 5);
- ukukhanya (6-10 degrees);
- isilinganiso (11-20 degrees);
- high (21-36 degrees);
- Kunzima (okungaphezu kwama-36 degrees).
Kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi imvelaphi ye-strabismus ebantwaneni - izimbangela nokuphathwa kwe-strabismus zihlobene kakhulu. Uma i-pathology ikhubazekile, ibangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iso elilodwa kuphela elikhambayo, liyi-static noma lilinganiselwe kakhulu ekuhambeni. Kunzima ukubhekana nalolu hlobo lwe-strabismus. Uhlobo olunobungane lwesifo lubonakala ngokuphambuka kusuka ku-axis kwesokudla kokubili amehlo ngokuhlukile. Loluhlobo lwe-strabismus luhlukaniswa ngamagqamuzana ngokuya nesikhathi esiphikisana ngaso emntwaneni:
- indawo yokuhlala - cishe iminyaka engama-3;
- ukuhlala kancane - iminyaka engu-1-2;
- okungezona indawo yokuhlala - noma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ngamazwi angaphandle ahlukanisa izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-strabismus:
- amanga (okucabangelayo) - ukungabi khona kwezimo eziphuthumayo ze-oculomotor;
- i-latentry - i-asymmetry yabafundi inqunywa kuphela lapho iso livaliwe;
- iqiniso - inkinga ebonakalayo ebonakalayo.
I-strabismus ye-Divergent ezinganeni
Uhlobo oluchazwe lwe-strabismus noma i-exotrophy lubonakala ngokuphambuka komfundi ukuya ethempelini. Ukuhlukanisa i-strabismus enobungane ezinganeni ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlanganiswa namanye ama-pathologies okubukwayo, ikakhulukazi okuseduze. Nge-exotrophy ekhubazekile umfundi akahambanga nhlobo, noma uhamba kancane kakhulu ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa kwemisipha nokuqhutshwa kwemizwa.
I-strabismus eguquguqukayo ezinganeni
Ifomu lokucatshangelwa kwe-pathology (isotropia) yi-displacement yomfundi ebhuloho lempumu. Ukuguqulwa kwe-strabismus enobungane ezinganeni kuyatholakala futhi ngokuhambisana nezifo ezibangelwa ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibukwayo, ikakhulukazi ukubhekwa phambili. Endabeni ye-stabismus ekhubazekile, umfundi uhlale eseduze nebhuloho lekhaleni futhi cishe akahambisani.
I-strabismus efana nezingane
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezimbili zalokhu okuhlukile kwesifo:
- hypertropy - iso lihamba phezulu;
- I-hypotrophy - umfundi "wehla" phansi.
Kukhona izinhlobo ezixutshwe ze-strabismus ezinganeni, lapho izinhlobo ezihlukene ezichazwe ngenhla zihlangene. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-strobism ehlanganisiwe zivame ukutholakala:
- i-exotrophy ne-hypotropy;
- isotropia ene-hypertropy.
I-strabismus yokucabanga enganeni
Ukusungula iqiniso le-strabismus nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxilongwa okusolakala ukuthi kungenziwa ophthalmologist kuphela ngosizo lwezivivinyo ezikhethekile. I-strabismus yamanga ezinganeni ivame ukusolakala esemncane. Umbono we-asymmetry wabafundi uvela eziqakathekeni zesakhiwo se-skull ezinganeni. Ekhoneni leso, basenaso isikhumba esikhulu, futhi impumu ikhulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amathambo ne-cartilage avuselelwa futhi umbono womntwana ugxile.
Noma kunjalo kukhona i-strabismus efihliwe ezinganeni. Kubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwemisipha ebonakalayo. Ubungqayizivele bendlela ephakanyisiwe ye-strabismus ngumsebenzi ojwayelekile wangaphandle wabantwana, lapho ingane ibheka ngamehlo womabili. Ukungaguquguquki kokunyakaza kwabo kubonakala kuphela uma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Uma iso elilodwa livaliwe, umfundi wesibili uphambukela e-axis. Ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kunzima ukukhomba ngokuzimela, ngakho-ke abazali kufanele bathathe njalo izingane zabo ukuhlolwa okuvamile kumuntu ophthalmologist.
Strabismus - izimbangela
Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela inkinga ebuzwayo esemncane. Ukuthuthukisa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi yini eyabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo. Izimbangela ze-strabismus ezinganeni zihlukaniswe ngezihlobo ezilandelayo (ezichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi):
- ukuzalwa kwesisu (i-hereditary) - ukungqubuzana kusekhona kusukela ebuntwaneni;
- athole - lesi sifo sizoqala ngemuva konyaka owodwa.
I-strabismus ekhulile ebantwaneni
Izinsana zihlolwe yi-ophthalmologist, ukubonisana okuyisisekelo kwenziwa ngenyanga 1. Uchwepheshe uyazi ukuthi anganquma kanjani ukuhlukunyezwa kwengane kumntwana ngisho nangesikhathi esencane kangaka, ngakho-ke, odokotela akufanele baphuthelwe izimpendulo. I-Strabismus ingaba khona kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, kodwa kunzima ukuyihlolisisa yedwa. Izimbangela ze-strabismus ezinganeni:
- i-Louis-Bar syndrome;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kokubeletha;
- ukukhubazeka kokukhulelwa;
- I-Brown's syndrome;
- hypoxia yesisu ;
- ukungasebenzi komsebenzi wesimiso nesisulu;
- ukungena kwezintambo kanye nezinye.
I-strabismus etholakalayo ezinganeni
Uma ekuzalweni kombono wezingane kwakuhlelekile, kodwa kamuva kubonakala sengathi kunobunzima, kudingekile ukuthola izici ezivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwazo. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwabo, kulula ukulungisa inhlanzi ebantwini - izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo zixhomeke ngokuqondile komunye nomunye. Ukuhlukunyezwa okutholakala kungase kuvele ngokumelene nesimo sezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- i-dystrophy ye-retinal ;
- ukubuka okufushane ;
- i-cataract;
- ukubhekwa phambili;
- ukulimala kokuphela kwezinzwa;
- ukulimala kwemishini;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukucindezeleka okukhulu;
- i-neurosis ;
- izilonda ze-cortex ye-cerebral noma i-pituitary gland;
- ukwesaba ;
- izicubu;
- isifo se-thyroid kanye nabanye.
Abanye abazali baqaphela into enjalo njenge-strabismus engazelelwe emntwaneni. Ukuhlukumeza akukaze kubonakale kungenangqondo. Kukhona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sifo sathuthuka kancane, noma i-angle yokuphambuka komfundi kusuka e-axis evamile yayisemncane kakhulu. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okulungile, kubalulekile ukuthi uhambisane nayo yonke inqubo yokuxilonga futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unquma ukubonakala okubonakalayo.
Indlela yokuphulukisa isifo senkinga emntwaneni?
Ukumisa isimo somfundi kudingekile ukuthola uhlobo lwe-strabismus, degree kanye nezimbangela. Ukwelashwa kwe-strabismus ezinganeni kuthuthukiswa ngabanye yi-ophthalmologist. Kuye ngohlobo lwesifo, ukwelashwa kungafaka:
- sigqoke amathuluzi akhethekile;
- umphumela wemithi;
- ukwenza ama-gymnastics for the eyes;
- ukwelashwa kwe-hardware;
- ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Kungenzeka yini ukulungisa i-strabismus enganeni?
Abanye abazali bakholelwa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubuyisela ingane ngokujwayelekile. I-ophthalmologists isabela ngokuqondile embuzweni wokuthi ngabe i-strabismus iyaphathwa ezinganeni. Izindlela zokwelashwa zanamuhla zinikeza imiphumela eqinisekisiwe futhi enomsoco. Ngisho nokungahambi kahle kwezinqubo zokwelashwa eziqaphayo, kungenzeka ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi olungisa i-strabismus ezinganeni kunoma yikuphi, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zokuphefumula nokukhubazeka, okungafani nezimbangela zayo.
Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezichazwe kude futhi kuhamba kancane. Kumele ukhethe i-ophthalmologist ngemuva kokuxilongwa ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungani kwakukhona i-strabismus ezinganeni - izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kuhlobene kakhulu. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lubandakanya izigaba ezilandelayo:
- Pleoptic. Lesi sigaba siyadingeka ukuze "ukulingana" kancane kancane kokubonakala okubonakalayo emehlweni womabili. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukugxila kwamaconsi akhethekile anqunywe yi-ophthalmologist, egqoke ama-lens noma izibuko zezokwelapha.
- I-Occlusive. Inhloso yalesi sigaba ukudlulisa umthwalo wokubukwa ovela enhlokweni enempilo kuya kwesiguli ukuze "uvule" futhi uwenze ukuthi usebenze kahle. Usebenzisa ukugqoka okujwayelekile, okumele ingane igqoke njalo noma isikhathi esithile. Ivala iso eliphilile kuphela.
- I-Orthoptic. Ngemuva kokujwayelekile kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kuyadingeka ukuba "ufundise" amehlo ukuze athumele kahle ubuchopho, ukuhlanganisa izithombe ezitholakala ku-2 retinas zibe isithombe esisodwa esifanele. Ama-eyepieces akhethekile nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha obuqhubekayo basetshenziswa.
- I-diplomatic. Isigaba sokugcina sokwelapha, ukunikeza ukucaca nokusheshisa kokugxila, ukuqiniswa kokugcina kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuzivocavoca nge-strabismus ezinganeni
Ukuzivocavoca kukhethwe kuphela yi-ophthalmologist ngemuva kokuxilongwa nokuhlolwa okuphelele. Ukuzitholela ukwelashwa kwabantwana ekhaya ngokusebenzisa ukuvivinya umzimba kungaqeda kabi, kubangela ukuwohloka nokungahambi kahle kwenqubo yokwelapha. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-gymnastics ziyingozi ukwenza ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-strabismus, ngakho-ke le ndlela yokwelashwa inganconywa udokotela kuphela.
Ukwelashwa kwekhwalithi ye-strabismus ezinganeni
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwephesha obuphambili kufakwe cishe kuzo zonke izimo zokwelashwa ezizimele. Lena enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuphatha i-strabismus ezinganeni ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Izifundo ezisebenzisa amadivaysi ekhompiyutha zibeka ngokuphumelelayo ukuzivocavoca okungekho emsebenzini ekhaya. Imiphumela emihle izuzwa ngokushesha kakhulu.
Lezo zindlela zokwelapha zibhekwa njengendlela ephephile kakhulu, indlela yokuqeda ukukhwabanisa ezinganeni - izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hardware kunqunywe udokotela, ngakho-ke ingozi yokwenza amaphutha ayifakiwe. Amakilasi anezinsimbi aklanyelwe ngqo ezincane, asetshenziswa ngendlela edlalayo. Emitholampilo ye-ophthalmological yanamuhla imishini elandelayo isetshenziswa:
- Ivuselelwe kabusha;
- I-Synoptophore;
- Ambliocor;
- Forbis;
- Musculotrener nezinye izinto zokusebenza.
Ukusebenza nge-strabismus ezinganeni
Uma kungekho usizo lwezokwelapha oluye lwasiza, ukungenelela kokuhlinzekwa kunqunywe. Ngokwezibalo, lena yindlela ewukuphela kokulungisa isifo senkinga emntwaneni, okudingekayo okungenani ama-85% wezingane ezihlushwa yi-strabismus. Ukuhlinzeka ngokweqile kwegazi kuqhubeka njalo, imisebenzi yezinsuku zanamuhla ayinabuhlungu, iyingxenye encane futhi iphakamisa isikhathi esifushane sokuvuselela. Ngaphambi kokukhetha inketho ngenqubo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kungani le-strabismus yenzeka ezinganeni - izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kuxhumene kakhulu.
Zonke izinhlobo zokungenelela okuhlinzekwayo zihlanganisa ukuguqula umsebenzi wemisipha ebonakalayo. Ukuhlukunyezwa kungahlose ukuqinisa noma ukwehlisa ukulandelana kwabo, ukulungisa isiqondiso sokunyakaza. Ngemuva kwezinqubo zokuhlinzeka, isimo seziso sijwayelekile, futhi ukwelashwa okulindelekile okuhloswe ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko obubonakalayo kwenziwa.