I-multiple sclerosis - iyini, futhi ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Umsebenzi ovamile wobuchopho nomgogodla unikezwa izintambo zomzimba. Ukulimala kwekhanda labo kubizwa ngokuthi ukubola, lesi sifo asihlangene nokukhunjulwa kwememori nokungabikho kwengqondo ekugugeni. I-pathology ithinta abantu abasha abaneminyaka engama-15 kuya ku-40-45.

I-multiple sclerosis - iyini?

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kaningi kwesifo esibuzwayo ngombono ongalungile, iziguli eziningi azizinaki izimpawu zakhe zokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadideki ushintsho olubi emisebenzini yobuchopho kanye ne-multiple sclerosis - yikuphi lokhu: isifo esingenasifo esiyingqayizivele, lapho ukubhujiswa kwezicubu zesisindo kanye nokushintshwa kwalo ngokukhipha (ukuxhumana) kwenzeka.

Isifo esifanayo i-encephalomyelitis. Ngokomfanekiso wesitholampilo kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukiswa, cishe kufana nesifo se-sclerosis, kodwa lezi zifo kufanele zihlukaniswe esigabeni sokuxilongwa. Ukusakazwa kwe-encephalomyelitis yisifo esizimele esizimele esivela ukuvuvukala nokulimala ezindaweni ezithile zezintambo zezinzwa. Ayikho inkambo engapheli futhi ilinganiselwe kokukodwa okukhulu.

I-multiple sclerosis - izimbangela

Ososayensi abakakaze bazi ukuthi kungani kuchazwa isifo. Kwaqalwa ukuthi ama-sclerosis amaningi avame ukutholakala kubantu bohlanga lwaseCaucasus abaneminyaka engaba ngu-30, kanti abesifazane basengozini kakhulu. Ukusabalala kwe-pathology kwanda ukusuka eningizimu yezwe kuya enyakatho yezwe. Kukhona imibono eminingana echaza ukubola kwesibalo - izizathu zithi zilandelayo:

• imisebe, kuhlanganise nemisebe yelanga;
• ukutheleleka;
• izakhi zofuzo;
• ubuthi;
• ukucindezeleka;
• ukulimala;
• izici zokudla;
• izici ze-geo-ecological yendawo;
• izinga le- uric acid noshukela nabanye.

Izimpawu eziningi ze-Sclerosis

Isithombe sesitholampilo sixhomeke esikhathini sokuqhubeka kwesifo, indawo kanye nobukhulu besifo sezinyosi. Ezikhathini zokuqala cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ukubola kwesibindi - izimpawu zingekho noma zinyamalale ngokushesha. Imisebenzi yezicubu ze-nerve ezilimele ziqala ukwenza imicu enempilo. Izimpawu zingatholakala kuphela uma ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla bephazamiseka kakhulu, ngo-40-50%.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-multiple sclerosis

Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwalesi sifo kufana nokwaziswa kwendawo ye-neurons eyonakele. I-multiple sclerosis iqhubeka ngabanye, isiguli esisodwa asibonanga zonke izimpawu ngesikhathi esifanayo. Izimpawu ze-pathology:

• ubuthakathaka emisipha;
• ukugubha, ukuphazamiseka kwezitho;
• i-hypotension ;
• ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayo;
• isiyezi;
• ukukhathala;
• ukuchithwa okungaphelele kwesikhumba;
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
• ukwephula ukunyakaza kweso (diplopia, nystagmus nabanye);
• bezama ukuhamba;
• i-neuritis ye-nerve trigeminal ;
• ukuthuthumela nabanye.

Izimpawu zokuqala ze-multiple sclerosis zingathinta isimo somzwelo:

• ukunganakwa ;
• ukucasula;
• ukufutheka, ukudabuka;
• iziqephu zokucindezeleka;
• ngokukhululeka;
• ukuhlenga;
• ubuhlakani.

Izigaba ze-multiple sclerosis

I-degree ye-lesion ye-fibre ye-nerve iyalinganiselwa nge-2 nd scale:

1. FSS - isimo sezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuya ngobukhulu bomonakalo wezindawo ezihlukene zokuqhuba ubuchopho, izikolo ezivela ku-0 kuya ku-6 zikhonjiswa. Isilinganiso sisetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa.
2. I-EDSS - ukuhlolwa okungeziwe kokukhubazeka. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa nangesikhathi sokubona okunamandla. Isiteleka sokukhubazeka kulinganiselwa kumaphuzu avela ku-0 kuya ku-10.

Esikhathini sokuqala sokuqhubekela phambili (phakathi kwesilinganiso ngasinye), isifo esicatshangelwayo kanye ne-encephalomyelitis esasakazwa ngokujulile iyaqhubeka ngokufanayo. Kamuva, kunezibonakaliso eziphawulekayo, isifo se-sclerosis kuphela:

• ukuzwela okukhulu kwesifo;
• ukuzwa okungaqondakali (ukuvutha, ukushaya, ubuhlungu);
• ukungabi nokulawula phezu kwamalungu;
• ukudumazeka kwezandla;
• i-spasms;
• ukungaqiniseki kwemisebenzi;
• ikhanda elikhulu;
• ukuphazamiseka kwesitokisi nokuvuthwa;
• ukukhubazeka kwamakhono engqondo;
• ukulala okungenalutho;
• ukucindezeleka;
• isinciphiso sesifiso socansi;
• ushintsho ekucaceni kwenkulumo;
• ubunzima bokugwinya;
• ukuzwa okuncane nabanye.

I-Multiple Sclerosis - Ukuxilongwa

Izivivinyo ezikhethekile ze-laboratory noma izifundo ze-hardware ukukhomba lesi sifo azikho okwamanje. Ukuxilongwa "kwe-multiple sclerosis" kusungulwa ngesisekelo sezimpawu ezihambisana nenye yezimiso zabo ze-MacDonald:

1. Izimpawu zokulimala kumfutho wezinzwa okungenani ama-foci amabili. Ukukhwabanisa kakade kakade noma kwenzeke kaningi.
2. Izimpawu ezihlosiwe zokufaka izicubu zezinzwa ngokugxila okukodwa. Ukukhwabanisa kwakubhekwe izikhathi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
3. Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ye-sclerosis ezinqamukeni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.
4. Izimpawu ezicacile zokulimala kwe-neurons ekugxilweni oku-1. Ukukhukhumeza kwaba kanye (isifo se-clinically isolated).
5. Ukuqhubeka kancane kwezimpawu kufana ne-multiple sclerosis.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa okusolakala ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukana kwazo nezinye izifo, ngezinye izikhathi izindlela ezengeziwe zisetshenziswa:

• imaging resonance magnetic;
• ukuhlaziywa komswakama we-cerebrospinal;
• ukuzimisela komsebenzi we-bioelectric wengqondo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-multiple sclerosis

Indlela yokuthola ukwelashwa ithuthukiswa kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenkambo nobunzima bezimpawu. Impendulo yombuzo wukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelapha ukubola kwesifo ngokuphelele, okungalungile. Kuyinto yokugula okungapheli okuqhubekayo. Ukwelashwa kusiza ukunciphisa imvamisa yokuphindaphinda kwesifo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila komuntu, ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo.

Multiple Sclerosis - izidakamizwa

Kuze kutholakale izimbangela eziqondile kanye nezifo eziphilayo, akukho mithi ekhethekile. Wonke ama-pharmacy agents akhethiwe ngokuqinile futhi kudingeka ukuba ayeke izimpawu zomonakalo we-nerve fiber. Ikhambi eliyisisekelo le-multiple sclerosis yi-immunosuppressant. Njengoba izidakamizwa ezivimbela umsebenzi wesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba, ama-hormone e-corticosteroid asetshenziswa:

• I-Methylprednisolone;
• Dexamethasone;
• I-Tetracosactide;
• I-Prednisolone ne-analogues.

Ngezinye izikhathi inkambo yokwelapha iveza i-cytostatics:

• I-Methotrexate;
• Azathioprin;
• I-Cyclophosphamide;
• I-Kladribin nabanye.

Ukunciphisa ukuqhubekela phambili nokuguqulwa okuhle esikhathini esikulesi sifo, imithi engu-6 kuphela evivinywa ngempilo ibhalisiwe emhlabeni:

• Rebif;
• I-Avonex;
• I-Betaferon;
• Mitoxantrone;
• I-Copaxon;
• I-Tisabry.

Ososayensi bahlale befuna izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha izifo eziningi. Imiphumela emihle ezikhathini zamuva zibonise izidakamizwa ezinjalo:

• I-Naltrexone;
• Alemtuzumab;
• I-Campas.

Kusukela ngo-2005, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo emathambo kuye kwaqalwa njengendlela kuphela ephumelelayo yokwelapha izifo eziningi ze-sclerosis. Lokhu kungenelela okuhlinzekwa okudinga ukuhambisana kokuqukethwe komhlinzeki wezinto eziphilayo kanye nomzimba wesiguli. I-chemotherapy eqondile yangaphambili ehlose ukubhubhisa umnkantsha wayo.

Esikhathini sokwelashwa okuphawulekayo kwalesi sifo, amaqembu ahlukene asebenzi bezamakhemikhali asetshenziswa. Amagama, isilinganiso kanye nemvamisa yokuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ukhethwe ngudokotela kuphela ngokuhambisana nobukhona nobuqili bezimpawu, okubangela ukusabalalisa ukuqhuma kwe-sclerosis. I-self-management therapy iyingozi ezinkingeni nemiphumela emibi ngokuthatha imithi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-multiple sclerosis ngamakhambi omuntu

Eminye imithi, ayikho indlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha lesi sifo. Ukupheka kwemvelo kunganciphisa kalula izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise okwesikhashana inhlalakahle. Ngaphambi kokwelapha i-multiple sclerosis ngezindlela zomuntu, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela, amanye amakhambi amakhemikhali awahambisani nemithi ethile.

Iqoqo lemifino yokubuyisela

Izithako:

• amaqabunga nezimbali ze-hawthorn (ngokulinganayo) - 50 g;
• I-Ruta - 15 g;
• izimpande ze-valerian - 10 g;
• amanzi - 200 ml.

Ukulungiselela, uhlelo lokusebenza

1. Gaya futhi uhlanganise izitshalo.
2. Thela i-tbsp engu-1. i-spoon ingxube nengilazi yamanzi abandayo.
3. Bambelela amahora amathathu.
4. Bilisa amaminithi angu-5.
5. Cool, hlela isixazululo.
6. Hlukanisa imithi ibe izingxenye ezilinganayo ezilinganayo.
7. Baphuza ekuseni, ntambama nakusihlwa.

Multiple Sclerosis - Imiphumela

Izinkinga zezifo ezichazweyo ziqinisa izimpawu ezikhona kanye nokuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe. Imiphumela ye-multiple sclerosis:

• umkhawulo wokuhamba, kuhlanganise ne-paresis nokukhubazeka;
• ukuphazamiseka kokuvuthwa nokuhlukunyezwa;
• ukukhubazeka okubukwayo, kuze kube sekuphusheni;
• ukugqoka okusheshayo komgogodla kanye namalungu;
• ukuvuvukala njalo kunoma yiziphi izinhlelo zomzimba;
• ukuwohloka komsebenzi wengqondo;
• ukucindezeleka okukhulu nabanye.

Bangaki abahlala nge-multiple sclerosis?

Isibikezelo sokugula okucatshangelwayo siyakwamukeleka, ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo sitholakala ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-50. Ngokumelene nesizinda sokwelashwa okulungile futhi okuvamile, iziguli ezine-sclerosis eziningi zisinda ekugugeni okujulile ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu kobuchopho nomgogodla. Ezimweni ezingavamile (ngaphansi kuka-10%), lesi sifo siphuthuka ngokushesha, okwenza ukwehluleka kwemisebenzi yezimbalwa nezinhlelo eziningana. Lokhu kubangela umphumela obulalayo phakathi kweminyaka eyi-8-10.