Izithombe zokudala, imibono yobuciko, imiqondo yesayensi ngenqubo yomsebenzi wokudala womuntu, wandisa ngokuphefumlelwa, uguqule umsebenzi. Njengamanje lapho imibono ikhona eqinisweni futhi ithola ifomu elibonakalayo ngesimo sesayensi noma umsebenzi wobuciko, kuvela i-copyright.
Kuyini i-copyright?
Umsebenzi owadalwa ngumlobi yindawo yakhe. Futhi lapho inkulumo iphathelene nelungelo lobunikazi, umthetho uqala ukusebenza. I-copyright - lezi yizimiso zomphakathi ezilawula ubuhlobo nokulawula ukuziphatha kwamaqembu alinganayo emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kwempahla yengqondo. Umdali wanoma yimuphi umsebenzi kuyisifundo, futhi umphumela womsebenzi wakhe wengqondo kuyinto ye-copyright.
Izici ze-copyright:
- Uma umsebenzi wokudala ukuqaliswa komyalelo noma isabelo kumqashi, ikhasimende noma umqashi uba ngumnikazi we-copyright.
- Uma iziteshi zomsakazo neziteshi ze-TV zithenga amalungelo okukhethekile okusebenzisa izinto ezilalelwayo noma zevidiyo, zinelungelo lokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezikhangiso zabo kwezinye iziteshi. Noma owenzayo, ngendlela yakhe, ahluke umsebenzi owaziwayo womculo, uthola amakhophi alungelo lobulungiswa. Lokhu kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amalungelo ahlobene".
I-copyright ku-Intanethi
Akunandaba ukuthi umkhiqizo wokudala ubhalwe ephepheni noma emithonjeni ye-elekthronikhi. Kunoma yikuphi, kuncike ku-copyright. Ngakho-ke, yonke imibhalo, umsindo, isithombe namavidiyo akhiqizwa kwi-inthanethi, impela imisebenzi yokudala futhi ivikelwe ngumthetho. Eqinisweni, ukuphulwa kwe-copyright kwi-intanethi kuyinto evamile kakhulu, evamile futhi kunzima ukufakazela iqiniso.
Izinto ze-copyright
Imibono nemicabango yaba izinto ze-copyright, lapho zingabonwa, zizwe noma zizizwa. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho bethola ifomu lomgomo:
- ukubhala (ukulandelela, izinkondlo, umbiko, ngisho nokuxhumana komuntu siqu);
- isiteji (imikhiqizo emangalisayo, i-choreographic);
- umculo (ngaphandle nangaphandle kombhalo, uhlela amalungiselelo nokucubungula lapha);
- ividiyo, umsindo noma izithombe;
- eqoshiwe noma eqoshiwe;
- izakhiwo (njengoba sezivele zikhona ekwakhiweni, futhi zikhona ngendlela yokudweba);
- electronic (yolwazi, izinhlelo zekhompyutha).
Zonke izinto zingaphansi kwe-copyright ekhethekile, eqinisekisa abadali noma abanikazi bamalungelo ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yokudala nokuthola imali ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kwezohwebo. Ngakho-ke, ilungelo elikhethekile lilungelo lomhlaba, lapho inzuzo ebonakalayo yale ndaba ixhomeke ngqo.
Izinhlobo zama-copyright
Umbono wokuqinisekisa i-copyright:
- ukuqinisekiswa kokubhaliwe nokuphepha komsebenzi kusuka ezimangalisweni ezingenangqondo;
- ukuhlonza abantu abagunyaziwe kanye nemibandela yokushicilelwa komsebenzi;
- ukunikeza abalobi nabanelungelo lokuphatha impahla kanye namalungelo abo;
- ukuvikelwa ngokomthetho kulawa malungelo.
Njengoba kushiwo kakade, umthetho we-copyright wempahla unelungelo lokuthola imali:
- Umkhiqizo wokudala usesendlini yomuntu siqu womlobi. Angakwazi ukuyiqaphela yedwa futhi enze inzuzo.
- Umdali unelungelo lokudlulisela amalungelo emsebenzini kumuntu wesithathu ngokusetshenziswa kwezohwebo. Kulesi simo, ukhokha umvuzo.
Amalungelo omuntu awunayo i-term, ayinayo futhi ayinakho, futhi ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kunoma ubani futhi ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo:
- Umbhali uqinisekisiwe ilungelo lokugcina indalo yakhe imfihlo, noma ukuyishicilela.
- Umbhali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi angahoxisa umsebenzi odluliselwe kubanikazi bamalungelo, ukwenqaba ukusabalalisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, unesibopho sokumboza izindleko nokukhokhela ukulahlekelwa.
- Umbhali unelungelo lokusayina lo msebenzi ngegama lakhe, ukushicilela ngokungaziwa, noma ukusebenzisa i-pseudonym.
- Ilungelo lokubhala lihlala lingashintshi. Igama lomdali livikelwe ngumthetho. Ukushicilelwa komsebenzi ngesibonakaliso somunye umuntu njengoba umbhali avunyelwe.
- Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokudala ungenakuvikelwa. (Awukwazi ukufaka imibono emibhalweni, engeza inkulumo noma i-epilogue).
- Izinguquko ezingavinjelwe kanye nobuqili, ukwehlukanisa idumela negama lomlobi.
Ungathola kanjani ama-copyright?
Ukubhaliswa kwe-copyright ku-Russian Federation akudingeki. Kodwa-ke, uma kunquma ukubhala phansi, umthetho uqondiswa ubufakazi bokubhala phansi bokubaluleka, ngokwemigomo "owokuqala ukubhalisa umsebenzi, lowo nomlobi". Kubalulekile kubantu bokudala ukwazi ukuklama ama-copyrights (ukulandelana kwezenzo):
- Ukudlulisela ku-Russian Author's Society noma ku-notary ngesicelo sokuthola i-patent nganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokudala.
- Dlulisela kumakhophi wegunya lokuphendula lo mkhiqizo, izithombe zakhe noma izifakazo zevidiyo.
- Ukunikeza amadokhumenti womlobi, kwezinye izimo, ulwazi mayelana nama-alias asetshenzisiwe.
- Ukukhokhwa komsebenzi kahulumeni noma izinsizakalo zombhalisi.
- Ukuthola imibhalo eqinisekisa ubunikazi.
Isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-copyright
Ukuhambisana ne-copyright kuqinisekiswe yi-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwabo siphinde sithathwe ngumthetho:
- Amalungelo omuntu ahlobene nobuntu bomlobi, ngakho-ke isenzo sabo sinciphile ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
- Okuphambene nokubhala nokungaviki kahle komsebenzi. Lezi zinqubo azibophe ngokomthetho.
- Umthelela wamalungelo omhlaba emva kokufa komlobi kunwetshwa iminyaka engu-70. Khona-ke umsebenzi uba impahla yomphakathi. Imikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo komphakathi isusiwe.
Ungenzi kanjani ukwephulwa kwamalungelo okukopisha?
Ngokufika kwe-intanethi, ukuphulwa kwe-copyright kwahamba ezinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- ukukopisha nokusabalalisa;
- ukubekezela.
Ukuze ugweme "i-piracy ebonakalayo," kufanele:
- Thenga imikhiqizo elayisensi;
- sebenzisa imithombo yamahhala enikezwa iziteshi zolwazi;
- sebenzisa izinsiza eziye zaba umphakathi;
- usebenzisa umbhalo we-quote, khombisa ukubhekisela komsebenzi nomlobi.
Ungakuvikela kanjani amalungelo okukopishwa?
Ukuvikelwa kwe-copyright kuneziqondiso ezimbili:
- Olunye uhlangothi iziqinisekiso zombuso ngokusebenzisa umthetho.
- Enye ikhono lomlobi lokufakazela ubukhulu ekudaleni umsebenzi.
Izindlela zokuvikelwa kwe-copyright:
- Icala leziphathimandla zokwahlulela ngokuqaphela ukubhala, ukubhujiswa kwamanga, isinxephezelo sokulimala kwempahla nokuziphatha.
- Lungisa usuku lokudalwa komsebenzi ku-notary.
- Ukumisa (ukugcina) imidiya ngolwazi ngomsebenzi noma umsebenzi ngokwawo ehhovisi lika-notary noma ku-RAO.
- Ukudwetshwa ngu-notary umgomo wokuhlola ikhasi le-intanethi, ngokoqobo "lokho engikubonayo, bese ngibhala".