I-edema ye-pulmonary - imbangela

I-edema ye-pulmonary isimo esibi kakhulu sokugula lapho okuqukethwe oketshezi emathunjini emaphaphu kudlula izinga elivamile ngenxa yokwanda kwemehluko phakathi kwezingcindezi ze-hydrostatic ne-colloid osmotic ema-capillaries emaphaphu. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukuhlukumeza okubukhali kokushintshaniswa kwegesi, ushintsho ekubunjweni kwegesi kwegazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoxia nokucindezelwa okukhulu kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi.

Izimpawu nezinhlobo ze-edema ye-pulmona

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-edema yamapulmoni yizi:

• i-cyanosis;
• ukuphefumula ;
• ukwandisa ukuhlushwa;
• ukukhwehlela nokukhululwa kwe-sputum e-frothy bloody;
• isondo esinamandla.

Kuye ngezinqubo zokuqala, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-edema ye-pulmona:

1. I-Hydrostatic - ivela ematendeni okwenza ukwanda komfutho we-hydrostatic emithanjeni yegazi yemaphaphu nokukhululwa kwegazi oketshezi lwegazi emathangeni amaphaphu ngesiliva esikhulu kunawo wonke amathuba okukhipha izitsha ze-lymphatic.
2. I-Membranogenic - kwenzeka ezimweni lapho ezinye izifo ze-syndromes ezindala zidala ukwanda kwe-capmeries yamaphaphu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngezimbangela, i-edema engeyona i-cardiogenic pulmonary ehlukile, kanye ne-edema ye-cardiogenic yamaphammoni ehambisana nesifo senhliziyo.

Izimbangela ze-edema ye-hydrostatic pulmonary kubantu

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ezibangela i-edema ye-pulmonary ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi ye-intracapillary yilezi:

1. Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo - ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yenhliziyo, ukunyuka okukhulu komthamo wokujikeleza kwegazi, ukwehla kokuvumelanisa kwe-ventricle engakwesobunxele, ukuqina kwe-valve mitral, njll.
2. Ukwephulwa kwemishini ye-pulmonary-venous ngenxa yokunciphisa imithanjeni, ebangelwa i-spasm ye-neurogenic etiology.
3. Ukuvinjelwa komthambo we-pulmonary noma amagatsha awo, okungabangelwa ukungena kwamagciwane egazi emithanjeni yegazi (ngokuvamile lezi zingama-blood clots ezakha emithanjeni yesikhumba noma emaphethelweni aphansi), ama-bubbles emoyeni, amaconsi amafutha (okukhishwe egazini kusuka emnothweni wamathambo, ngokwesibonelo, e-fractures) , kanye ne-septic emboli.
4. Ukwakhiwa komzila wokuphefumula - ngenxa yezifo ze-trachea, i-bronchi, amaphaphu, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwemimoya yomoya ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle.
5. Ukuphazanyiswa kwemisipha ye-lymph ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwezikebhe zethempeli ngenxa yamathumbu amaphaphu, umoya noma igesi ukuqoqwa emgodini wesikhala.

Izimbangela ze-membrane-induced pulmonary edema

Izimbangela ezinkulu ze-membrane i-edema yilezi:

1. Isifo esibuhlungu sokuphefumula syndrome - umonakalo wokuvuvukala wamapayipi ngenxa yomonakalo oqondile noma ongaqondile emaphashini, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokulimala kwesifuba, isisu, i-pancreatitis (ngenxa yesifo se-hemodynamic).
2. Isifo sokuphefumula - ngenxa yokuphonsa okuqukethwe kwesisu emoyeni, amanzi angena ekuguleni, njll.
3. I-intoxication syndrome - i-edema ye-pulmonary ngenxa yokuchayeka izinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwe ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic ezifweni ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo, kanye nokungaphumeleli komuthi.
4. I-inhalation syndrome - ukufaka ubuthi ngamagesi anobuthi (chlorine, phosgene, njll), ama-mercury, umusi, njll.

Ukwelashwa kwe-edema ye-pulmona

Amasu okuphatha i-edema yamapulmoni anqunywa yizimbangela ezibangele. Nokho, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba isiguli sithunyelwe esikhungweni sezokwelapha, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo. Iziguli zithathwa ezinyunithi ezikhethekile zokunakekela, ezihlomele imishini yokuxilonga. Izinyathelo zokwelapha zenziwa ngaphansi kokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwemingcele ye-hemodynamic kanye nezici zokuphefumula kwangaphandle. Imithi ebalulekile isungulwa ngokufinyelela okuphakathi kwe-venous, lapho i-catheter ifakwa khona emthonjeni we-subclavia.