I-neuroblastoma ingenye yezicubu ezivame kakhulu zesimiso sezinzwa ezinganeni, ezithinta ingxenye yayo enozwela. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-tumor kuqala esikhathini se-intrauterine, lapho amangqamuzana amabi ayefuduka eqenjini elizwelayo, izigulane eziyingozi kanye nezinye izindawo.
Ukuchazwa kwe-neuroblastoma kwenziwa ngesisekelo semininingwane efana nalokhu: iminyaka yengane, isiteji lapho kutholakala khona ukuxilongwa, kanye nezici ze-hertological zamaseli abulalayo. Yonke le datha ihlobene nezici zobungozi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izingane ezinezinkinga eziphansi futhi ezilinganiselayo zivame ukuphulukiswa, kodwa iziguli ezinengozi enkulu, naphezu kokwelashwa, zinethuba eliphansi kakhulu lokusinda. Imininingwane eminingi mayelana nezimbangela, izimpawu kanye nokuphathwa kwe-neuroblastoma ezinganeni ezifundwe esihlokweni sethu.
I-Neuroblastoma - Izimbangela
Naphezu kocwaningo olude futhi olunzulu, ososayensi abazange bathole imbangela ethile yokuthuthukiswa kwe-neuroblastoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakungeke kwenzeke ngisho nokukhomba izici ezingathinta ukubukeka kwayo.
Yiqiniso, kukhona ukuqagela, kodwa namanje, abukho ubufakazi. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye enkulu, i-neuroblastoma ivela ezinganeni emndenini owake waba namacala okuhlukunyezwa. Kodwa ngonyaka, emhlabeni, kunamaphesenti angu-1-2% lapho abazali noma izihlobo eziseduze ezike zabhekana nalesi sifo.
Manje, i-genome yeziguli ezinefomu lomndeni we-neuroblastoma iyaphenywa ukuze kubalwe isakhi (noma izakhi eziningana zegciwane), ukuguqulwa okungenzeka, okuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo.
I-neuroblastoma ezinganeni - izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-neuroblastoma ezinganeni zixhomeke endaweni yokuqala ye-tumor kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-metastases. Izimpawu "ze-Classic" ze-neuroblastoma ezinganeni ziyizi: ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza , ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukudla, ukukhathala kanye nobuhlungu besifuba. Isifo sofuba esingajwayelekile, futhi isifo sohudo esingavamile asivamile.
Njengoba iziguli ezingaphezu kuka-50% zifika kudokotela ngezigaba ezedlule zalesi sifo, izimpawu zesifo kulezi zimo zinikezwa ukunqotshwa kwezitho lapho i-tumor ihlangana khona. Lokhu kufaka ubuhlungu besithambo, ukukhulelwa okungaqondakali nokuphikisanayo, ukucasula nokulimaza eduze kwamehlo.
Uma lesi sifo sisesifubeni, singabangela i-Claude-Bernard-Horner syndrome. I-triad classic ye Horner yilezi: ukushiywa okukodwa kwe-ijwabu leso, ukunciphisa umfundi kanye nesimo esijulile se-eyeball (amehlo enempilo enempilo). Ku-pathology yokubeletha kukhona i-heterochromia - umbala ohlukile we-iris (isibonelo, elinye ilanga eliluhlaza, nelinye elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
Futhi, abazali bezingane ezigulayo bangaxhumana nodokotela ngendaba ehluke ngokuphelele - isibonelo, kungase kube ukwehlukana. Sekuvele kusetshenziselwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuthi isizathu esiye sabangela ukwehlukana kwamathambo, yi-metastasis.
I-neuroblastoma - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma yendawo, okungukuthi, isisu esinezimingcele ezicacile futhi akukho metastases kuhlinzekwa. Ngemuva kokususwa kwemfundo, kulindeleke ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphelele kwengane.
Kodwa ezimweni lapho i-tumor ikwazi ukunikeza izidakamizwa, ngaphezu kokususwa kokusebenza kokugxila kokuqala kwe-neuroblastoma,
I-neuroblastoma - ibuyela kabusha
Ngeshwa, njenganoma imuphi umdlavuza, i-neuroblastoma ingakwazi ukubuyisela emuva.
Isibikezelo esimweni esinjalo sihluke kakhulu:
- Ukuphindaphinda kwesilinganiso sendawo (ukubukeka kwesisu esisha) kunesifiso esihle, ngoba singasuswa ngokuhlinzwa;
- ezigulini ezinezinhlobo eziphindaphindiwe zokuphindaphindiwe, ukubikezelwa kokuphila akubi, njengoba kunzima ukuphatha.