Isifo sofuba yisifo esijwayelekile esithathelwanayo emhlabeni jikelele, okungaholela ekufeni. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, i-phthisiatrician - okuyikho, kufanele inikeze incazelo ecacile yalolu lwazi lwezokwelapha. Ungumchwepheshe we-diagnosis, ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba.
I-phthisiatrician - ngubani kanye nokuphilisa?
I-Phthisiology ihlanganyela ocwaningweni, ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapha izifo zesifo sofuba. Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi lesi sifo asiphazamisi uhlelo lokuphefumula kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izitho zangaphakathi, kubalulekile ukukhomba isifo sofuba ngesikhathi esifanele futhi siphonsa wonke amandla ekulwa nesifo. Uma sicabangela ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lodokotela ongu-phthisiatrician, khona-ke sidinga ukugxila ezingxenyeni ezithintekile, eziphathwa yilochwepheshe.
Uphi ukwelashwa kwe-TB?
Umbuzo, udokotela we-phthisiatrician - obani nokuthi ukwelashwa yiziphi izitho ezibhekene nazo, kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuningiliziwe. Isifo sofuba asiphazamisi kuphela amaphaphu, kodwa futhi nezinye izitho nezinhlelo, eziphathwayo futhi zitheleleke ngudokotela. Kungaba:
- amaphaphu;
- amalunga namathambo;
- isikhumba;
- izinso zezinso kanye nezidakamizwa;
- uhlelo lwe-urogenital;
- izitho zombono;
- i-lymphonoduses;
- i-ambullary membrane;
- isisu.
Iphi i-phthisiologists esebenza kuphi?
Ngokususelwa esibhedlela isifo se-TB esibhedlela, indawo yomsebenzi wolochwepheshe onjalo ezimweni eziningi yikhungo somphakathi sezempilo noma esizimele. Indawo yomsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we phthisiology kungaba:
- i-polyclinic;
- isibhedlela sepulani lezinhlaka eziningi;
- isifo sofuba;
- ihhovisi emtholampilo wangasese;
- izikhungo zocwaningo.
Kufanele ngithinte nini udokotela we-TB?
Kunezimbonakaliso eziningana lapho kunconywa khona ukuba uthintane nodokotela ukuthola noma ukukhipha ubukhona besifo sofuba ngesikhathi esifanele. I-phthisiatrician - ukuthi ngubani futhi lapho kudingeka khona ukuya ekwamukeleni kwakhe-kubalulekile ukwazi ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu. Izivivinyo, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa yi-phthisiatrist: i-mantoux ne-dyskintest. Izazi ezihlangenwe nakho zibiza lezi zimpawu, zikhomba ukuthi yini, kunconywa ukuba uxoxe ngokushesha nodokotela:
- ukukhwehlela okungavumi kwamasonto amathathu;
- qinisekisa ukulahlekelwa isisindo;
- Ukunciphisa ukudla okunomsoco ngokuphawulekayo;
- ukuhlolwa kwe-sputum, i-mucus kanye, ikakhulukazi, igazi;
- ukwanda kokushisa;
- ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukungabi namandla;
- ubusuku obusuku;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni.
I-phthisiatrician ithatha kanjani inqubo?
Into yokuqala noma yimuphi udokotela oqalayo yi-anamnesis. Okusho ukuthi ukwamukelwa komuntu oqhakambisa iziqu kuqala ngokuqoqwa kolwazi mayelana nezifo zangaphambilini, ubudala, indlela yokuphila, umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe kanye nomlando wezokwelapha, uma ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngaphambilini. Uma uthola i-aphoyintimenti ne-phthisiatrician, udinga ukulungele ukuthi izivivinyo, i-X ray, ukuhlaziya, njll, cishe ziyobekwa.
Yini i-phthisiatrist ehlola ngesikhathi sokwamukela?
Ngaphandle kokwesaba kwesifo sofuba, akuyona into engavamile ukuba izikhungo ezihlukahlukene zifune udokotela ukuba abike ukungabi khona kwesifo sofuba futhi ukuvakashela kudokotela kuyimpoqo. Into yokuqala nokuyinhloko ukuthi i-phthisiatrician ihlolisisa ekwamukelweni yimibuzo yezivivinyo (igazi, indwangu, umchamo) obekushiwo ngaphambili. Khona-ke ama-X ray kanye / noma i-fluorography. Uma isakhi senziwe, isazi siyihlola ukuze senze kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwesimiso se-lymph nodes, okungase kubonise ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka emzimbeni.
Udokotela we-TB unquma kanjani isifo sofuba?
Izindlela zanamuhla zokuthola isifo sofuba zingabonisa lesi sifo ekuqaleni. I-phthisiatrician ingene ekuxilongweni (ngubani, esikukhulume ngenhla). Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukutheleleka kutholakala kanjani, izindlela zokuxilonga isifo sofuba kufanele zicatshangelwe, okubhekwa ukuthi ziyasebenza kakhulu.
- I-Mantoux . Lokhu kuhlolwe kwe-tuberculin okuhloswe ukuthi kutholakale isifo sofuba ngokuhlola ukusabela kwesikhumba ngemuva kwethonya elincane noma elingaphansi kwe-intradermal.
- I-Diaskintest . Lesi sidakamizwa sikwazi ukuthola isifo sofuba ekuqaleni kwezigaba. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhlolwa lapho ama-antigens ajojelwa khona ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukunquma impendulo yomzimba (interferon). Uma kwenzeka izilwane zijwayele le-allergen, impendulo yezivivinyo izoba yinto enhle.
- Fluorography. Le ndlela yokuthola isifo sofuba isithandwa kakhulu - wonke ochwepheshe be-phthisiatric angabona ukutholakala kwempilo.
- Isithombe se-X-ray. Le ndlela ifana ne-fluorography, kodwa isithombe esingcono, esitholakala ngenxa yokunyuka komzimba ngesikhathi sokucabanga.
- I-computer ye-tomography. Le ndlela ihilela ukuthola idatha enembile ngaphandle kokutholakala komthwalo wemisebe. Lena indlela entsha eyisisekelo yokucwaninga hhayi kuphela emkhakheni we phthisiology. Uma uqhuba i-CT ye-spiral kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imiphumela yocwaningo ngesithombe sokuziphendulela.
- Ukukhula kwe-Microbiological. Le ndlela isisiza ukuthola izifo ezifuywayo zesifo sofuba emzimbeni ngokuhlola izinto eziphilayo (sputum, mucus, content bronchus).
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatic. Lena uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezisiza ukunquma ukuthi kukhona ukutholakala kwezifo ezifuywayo zesifo sofuba, ngokuhlola isibindi.
- Inoculation umchamo. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kuhloswe ekuboneni i-microbacteria yesifo sofuba emcinini. Kunqunywe ukungabikho kwezifo ezifana ne-cystitis, i-pyelonephritis, i-prostatitis, njll.
Ukuvimbela isifo sofuba
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela isifo sofuba - iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele linganakwa. Lesi sifo sithuthuka, nakuba kunezindlela eziningi zokuxilongwa, lapho ungakwazi ukubona khona ukugula ezigabeni zokuqala. Izingane zithinteka kakhulu lesi sifo, ngakho-ke ebuntwaneni, izinyathelo zokuvimbela zinendlela ehlelekile.
- Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuzivikela sisesezibhedlela. Uma phakathi nesonto lokuqala lomntwana akekho izinkinga zempilo, khona-ke ugonywa nge-BCG.
- Izivivinyo zeMantoux zenziwa minyaka yonke izingane, futhi kufanele zibikwe ukuthi akulimazi.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zibalulekile ngokufanayo kubantu abadala. Udokotela uyisifo se-phthisiatrician, isifo sofuba okungesiyo kuphela isifo okufanele siphathwe, kodwa futhi nesifo esidinga izinyathelo eziphezulu zokuvimbela.
Okudingayo ukunaka ukunciphisa ubungozi bokuthola isifo sofuba:
- Ikhwalithi yokudla. Kumele kube nokuqondisisa nokulinganisela.
- Izimo zokusebenza ezithandekayo.
- Ukwenqaba ukuphuza utshwala, ukubhema, izidakamizwa.
- Ikhwalithi yezimo zokuphila.
- Ukwenza ukuphila okusebenzayo, ukudlala ezemidlalo.
- Ukuqaphela ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu.
- Izinyathelo ezihlose ukuqinisa ukuzivikela.
- Ukuthuthukiswa komzimba ngokuvakashela izindawo zokubhuka, ama-sanatoriums kanye nezibonelelo.