Ukwakhiwa kwegazi lomuntu kungachazwa ngokwemvelo kanje: i-plasma (ingxenye yetshezi), i-leukocytes (imizimba emhlophe ephethwe ukuzivikela), amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (imizimba ebomvu ethwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni), amaplatele, ngenxa yokuthi igazi liboshwe kwilonda.
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngama-red red cells. Zihlanganisa i-hemoglobin, "ehambisa" i-oxygen kuzo zonke izicubu nezitho. Uma izinga lama-erythrocyte noma i- hemoglobin egazini liyehla, likhuluma nge-anemia noma i-anemia. Ngamafomu omnene yalesi simo, ukudla okhethekile nensimbi noma izinto ezinamavithamini eziqukethe. E-hemoglobin ephansi kakhulu, ukumpontshelwa igazi yindlela kuphela yokusindisa isiguli.
Ukuhambisana kwamaqembu egazi ngokumpontshelwa igazi
Ekwemithi, ukumpontshelwa igazi kubizwa ngegazi lokumpontshelwa igazi. Igazi lomnikeli (umuntu onempilo) nomamukeli (isifo se-anemia) kumele bahambisane ngokulandela imigomo emibili eyinhloko:
- iqembu;
- Rh factor.
Emashumini eminyaka edlule kwakucatshangwa ukuthi igazi leqembu lokuqala elinama-Rh factor alifanelekile kubo bonke abanye abantu, kodwa kamuva kwenzeka ukuthi kutholakale umonakalo we-erythrocyte agglutination. Kwavela ukuthi igazi neqembu elifanayo ne-Rh factor lingavumelani ngenxa yezingxabano okuthiwa. ama-antigens. Uma wenza ukumpontshelwa igazi nge- anemia , amangqamuzana egazi abomvu abamba ndawonye futhi isiguli sizofa. Ukuvimbela lokhu, kuhlolwa okungaphezu kweyodwa ngaphambi kokumpompela igazi.
Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi igazi lisetshenzisiwe kakade ngendlela yalo ehlanzekile, futhi kuye ngokuthi izibonakaliso zokumpompela igazi, ukugonywa kwezingxenye zalo namalungiselelo (i-plasma, amaprotheni, njll) kwenziwa. Nge-anemia, ubukhulu be-erythrocyte buboniswa - buzobizwa ngokuthi yigazi.
Amasampuli egazi
Ngakho-ke, ayikho iqembu legazi legazi lonke lokumpontshelwa igazi, ngakho-ke:
- iqembu legazi lesiguli nge-anemia lihlolwe esibhedlela kabili, bese kuqhathaniswa nomuntu oyinikelayo (ebhaliwe ephakheji);
- iqembu legazi le-donor liphinde libuyiselwe ebhokisatri, lithatha isampula ephaketheni;
- ukuhambisana kwegazi lomguli kanye nomhlinzeki uhlolwe ebhokisatri.
Uma konke kufana, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa ngegazi. Isiguli esine-anemia sifakwe nge-25 ml we-erythrocytic mass pulmonary, linda imizuzu emithathu. Phinda izikhathi eziningana ezifanayo ngesikhashana seminithi emithathu. Uma ngemuva kwe-75 ml yegazi lomnikelo ojojelwe isiguli sizwa sivamile, ubukhulu bufanelekile. Ukumpontshelwa okuqhubekayo kudlulayo (40 - 60 amaconsi ngomzuzu). Udokotela kumele aqondise le nqubo. Ephakheni ne-mass donor erythrocyte, ngemuva kokuphelelwa igazi, cishe 15 ml kufanele ihlale. Izinsuku ezimbili zigcinwa esiqandisini: uma emva kokumpontshelwa kwegazi kunezinkinga, lokhu kuzosiza ekusunguleni imbangela.