I-Thymus gland (i-thymus) ibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezisemqoka zesistimu yomzimba futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingumgogodla we-secretion wangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, i-thymus iyinhlobo yokushintsha phakathi kwe-endocrine (i-hormonal) nesistimu yomzimba (yokuvikelwa) yomzimba.
Imisebenzi ye-Thymus
I-thymus gland yenza imisebenzi emithathu emikhulu yokugcina impilo yomuntu: i-endocrine, i-immunoregulatory ne-lymphopotic (ukukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocytes). Esikhathini se-thymus, ukuvuthwa kwama-T amangqamuzana omzimba wethu omzimba kwenzeka. Ngomqondo olula, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-thymus ukubhujiswa kwamaseli omzimba omzimba ahlasela ama-cell ahlasela umzimba wawo. Lokhu kukhethwa nokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana aphikisayo kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqala kokuvuthwa kwama cell T. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thymus gland ihlunga igazi ne-lymph ukugeleza kuyo. Noma yikuphi ukuhlukumeza ekusebenzeni kwe-thymus gland kuholela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezizimele kanye nezimo eziphilayo, kanye nokwehluleka okukhulu kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Indawo ye-thymus gland
I-thymus gland itholakala engxenyeni engenhla ye-thorax yomuntu. I-thymus ikhiwa ngeviki lesithupha lokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus. Ubukhulu be-thymus gland ezinganeni buphakeme kakhulu kunabantu abadala. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila komuntu, i-thymus iyabangela ukukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocytes (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi). Ukukhula kwe-thymus gland kuqhubeka iminyaka engaba ngu-15, futhi ngemva kwalokho, i-thymus iqala ukubuyela emuva. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kufika isikhathi seminyaka engu-involution - izicubu ezinomzimba we-thymus zithathelwa amafutha futhi axhumano. Lokhu kwenzeka kakade esebudala. Yingakho, lapho bekhulile, abantu bavuleleke ezifweni ezingokwemvelo nezizimele, kaningi kakhulu.
Izimpawu eziphazamisayo
Ukwanda okwenziwe ngobukhulu be-thymus gland kuyisiginali sokuthi ukwephulwa kwenzeka ekusebenzeni kwayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside odokotela bephikisana ngokuthi ukukhuphuka okuncane ngobukhulu be-thymus kubhekwa njenge-pathology. Kuze kube manje, lapho kungekho khona izimpawu ezicacile zalesi sifo, izinguquko ezincane ngobukhulu be-thymus gland - ezibonakala kuphela kwi-ultrasound - zibhekwa njengesijwayelekile.
Uma usana olusha noma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 isanda kakhulu i-thymus gland, khona-ke ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Usayizi owandisiwe we-thymus kubantwana ubizwa ngokuthi i-thymomegaly. Isisekelo sezinto eziphilayo zalesi sifo asikacaci ngokucacile. Izingane ezinezimpawu ze-thymomegaly zibhekwa njengeqembu elihlukile lezinhlekelele. Lezi zingane zivame ukwedlula izifo ezithathelwanayo, ezibangelwa yi-viral nezizimele ezihlukile kunezinye. I-timomegaly ingaba yindlala noma izuzwe, futhi ihlanganisa izifo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuhluleka kwe-thymus gland. Ukuze wenze ucwaningo oluqondile, ukuhlolwa kwe-X kanye ne-ultrasound ye-thymus kuyadingeka.
Ukuvimbela izifo ze-thymus gland ezinganeni, ukudla okunempilo, okunevithamini, nokudla okulinganiselayo kanye nomoya omusha kuyadingeka. Ithonya elihle kakhulu emidlalweni yengane yengaphandle yangaphandle emgwaqweni. Ngokwemvelo, imisebenzi ephakeme kufanele ishintshwe ngokuphumula okugcwele.
Ukuphatha izifo ze-thymus kubantu abadala, izindlela ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa izingane. Njengoba kunikezwe izici zomzimba womuntu, udokotela ubeka ukwelashwa okubandakanya kokubili imithi kanye nokulungiselela amakhemikhali. Ukwelashwa okunomthwalo wempilo kanye nokuphila okunempilo kuzosiza wonke umuntu ukuba asuse izifo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.