I-Chololithiasis i-pathology etholakala njalo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Isifo se-Gallstone sithinta ikakhulukazi abesifazane, emadodeni kubonakala izikhathi ezincane izikhathi ezingu-10-10. Uma lesi sifo sitholakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungakwazi ukukhipha izithako ngezindlela ezizimele. Ezimweni eziphambili, ukwelashwa kuphela okuzosiza kuzosiza.
Amatshe angaphakathi kwe-gallbladder - izimbangela
Imvelo yokwakheka kwezingcweti engakacacisiwe, izimbangela kuphela ezandisa ingozi yokuba khona kwazo ziyaziwa. Kutholakale ukuthi i-cholelithiasis iyinto engavamile ngokwedlulele ezinganeni, ukukhula kwayo kwanda kuze kufinyelele eminyakeni ekhulile futhi ekhulile. I-Chololithiasis inamathuba angaphezu kuka-5-10 okuqhubekayo kwabesifazane, ikakhulukazi emva kokuzalwa kuka 2-3 noma ngaphezulu.
Ezinye izimbangela ezikhukhumeza ezivusa ama-gallstones:
- ukuqhubekela phambili ekugcwaleni;
- ukudla ukudla okunamaprotheni wesilwane namafutha;
- ukungabikho kokuzalwa okungenasifo kanye nokukhubazeka okuphazamisa ukudliwa kwe-bile;
- i-pathologies, ehambisana nokubola okusebenzayo kwamaseli abomvu egazi;
- indlela yokuphila yokuhlala;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo zesibindi kanye ne-gallbladder;
- ukungabi khona kokudla;
- izimo ezizenzakalelayo;
- ukungalingani kwe-hormonal;
- ukusebenza emaphethelweni emathunjini;
- i- cholesterol ephezulu emzimbeni kanye nabanye.
Izinhlobo zamatshe ku-gallbladder
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezakhiwo eziqinile, i-sludge ye-biliary yenziwa kuqala. Kuyinto encane, njenge-putty, bile. Esimweni esivamile, i-liquid, iqukethe amanzi angama-95%. Of the sludge biliary kancane kancane wakhiwa in isilonda isisindo. Zinezakhiwo ezihlukene, isimo nesayizi (kusukela okusanhlamvu kwesihlabathi kuya emaqanda inkukhu), kuye ngokuthi kubumbene amakhemikhali. Izinhlobo zamatshe ebileni:
- i-cholesterol;
- isibalo;
- i-pigmented;
- kuxutshwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngesakhiwo:
- i-fibrous;
- i-crystalline;
- i-amorphous;
- layered.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-gallstones ngesimo:
- izici (ezihlanganisiwe);
- i-spherical;
- umgqomo omile;
- i-helical;
- ovoid nabanye.
Amatshe e-cholesterol
Lolu hlobo lwesikhwama luvame kakhulu kunabanye, cishe ngamacala angu-80%. Amatshe anjalo nge-bile ahlanganisa kakhulu i-cholesterol. Ukwengeza, i-pigment kanye ne-calcium usawoti (okungaphezulu kuka-10-15%) ingafakwa ekubunjweni kwawo. I-cholesterol ayifuni emanzini nezinye iziphuzo eziphilayo, ngakho-ke ihamba ngokuhambisana nezinhlayiya ze-colloidal - micelles. Uma izinqubo zokuxilonga umzimba ziphazamiseka, lezi zinhlanganisela ziyaqeda ukuthi yiziphi izigulane ezifakwe enkanyeni yenyongo. Ekuqaleni bayizilinganiso ezincane, njengezinhlamvu zesihlabathi, kepha kancane kancane zikhula, zivame ukuhlangana.
Amatshe acwebileyo
Lolu hlobo lwesikhwama lwakhiwa ngokumelene nesizinda senqubo yokuvuvukala. Amatshe acwebezelayo e-gallbladder - umphumela wokuthunyelwa kwamanoni e-calcium ezungeze ukuqoqwa kwamagciwane, izinhlamvu ezincane ze-cholesterol noma amaseli e-epithelial. I-agent causative evame kakhulu yokuvuvukala yi-E. coli. Ngezinye izikhathi amatshe enqama ku-gallbladder akhiwa ngenxa ye-hypercalcemia, ngokuqhubeka kwe-hyperparathyroidism. Lona uhlobo oluyinqaba kakhulu lomncintiswano.
Amatshe aqoshiwe
Isizathu sokubukeka kwalokhu okungafaniyo kwe-deposit yizinhlobo ezahlukene ze-anemia ye-hemolytic. Lesi sifo senza ukuhlukumeza kokucubungula i-bilirubin, okuholela ekubunjweni kwamatshe aqoshiwe ku-gallbladder. Ngokuvamile ziphinde zenzeke, ngaphezu kwamanye ama-concrements (i-cholesterol noma i-calcareous). Ezimweni ezinjalo, amatshe ku-gallbladder akhiwa ngenxa yezinqubo ezithathelwanayo. Ukuvutha kungabangela i-cholelithiasis ngokwayo, izilonda zamagciwane noma amagciwane.
Ama-stones ahlanganisiwe
Uhlobo lwezitshalo ezichazwe lukhahle futhi lukhulu ngobukhulu. Amatshe axubekile amaningi kule gallbladder angumphumela wokubeka ama-salcium usawoti ku-cholesterol ne-bilirubin. Ukuba khona kwalezi zakhiwo kubonisa inkinga ende yokukhubazeka. Ukwelashwa okunamandla kwamatshe ahlanganisiwe akuvamile ukuphumelela. Ngokuvamile ukwelashwa kuhilela ukukhipha isakhi esithintekile kanye ne-calculi.
Amatshe agcwele i-gallbladder - izimpawu
Cishe ngo-60-80% weziguli ezine-cholelithiasis azizwa zikhona izibonakaliso ze-pathology phakathi neminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ezinkathini zokuqala cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola amatshe ebileni - izimpawu zingekho noma zivele zingavamile futhi zidlula ngokushesha. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-stasis yamatshe, izinzwa ezingathandeki ezivusa kuphela lapho kuhamba emadayeni.
Ngezinye izikhathi amatshe e-gallbladder azenza bazizwa ngalezi zibonakaliso zemitholampilo ezilandelayo:
- ukunambitheka okubabayo emlonyeni;
- isicasuli;
- flatulence ;
- ukuhlanza nge-bile ;
- ukwephulwa kwe-defecation;
- icterus yesikhumba namehlo;
- ukubethelwa ngomoya;
- i-malaise;
- ukwanda kancane ekushiseni komzimba;
- izinhlanzi ezikhanyisiwe;
- ukuhlaselwa ukugwaza noma ukuhlunguphazwa esifundeni sesibindi;
- ukuwohloka kwesifiso.
Izigaba ze-cholelithiasis
Ubukhulu bezibonakaliso buxhomeke esikhathini sokuqhubeka kwe-pathology nokuqina kwayo. Izigaba ze-cholelithiasis:
- I-pre-stone. I-bile ikhula, i-biliary sludge yakhiwa. Kungase ibe neziqu ze-calcium usawoti kanye ne-bilirubin, i-cholesterol inqamuka.
- I-Asymptomatic. Amatshe okuqala akhiwa emadayeni we-bile kanye nesinye. Zimbalwa futhi zincane, ngakho azikho izimpawu zokugula.
- Ukuqhubeka phambili. Iziphetho zinkulu futhi ziningi, umuntu uvame ukuhlaselwa yi-colic. Kulesi sigaba, usengasusa amatshe enyathi ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezingavamile.
- Kunzima. I-Chololithiasis yesiteji esithuthukile, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuphela kuyadingeka. Iziphetho zigcwalisa cishe yonke indawo yangaphakathi yelungu.
Isifo seGallstone - ukuxilongwa
Indlela eyinhloko yokuthola lesi sifo ukwenza i-ultrasound. Uma kwenziwa udokotela onolwazi, asikho isidingo semisebenzi eyengeziwe. Kwezinye izimo, kunqunywe izindlela ezisizayo, ezivumela ukuxilonga izingqinamba ku-gallbladder:
- i-tomography ehlanganisiwe;
- ukubuyisela kabusha i-pancreatocholangiorentgenography;
- i-resonance ye-nuclear yenukliya.
Amatshe emgodbladder - yini okufanele ayenze?
Kunezinketho ezimbili kuphela zokwelapha ze-cholelithiasis. Ukukhethwa kwendlela kuncike ekutheni isakhiwo, inombolo nobuningi bamatshe, obunamatshe e-gallbladder - izimpawu, ukwelashwa kufana nesiteji se-pathology. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwezibonakaliso ezimpawu zalesi sifo, ingasuswa ngezindlela ezizenzekelayo. Lapho kukhona izinkinga, ukungenelela okuhlinzekwayo kuhlinzekwa ngokushesha.
Amatshe e-gallbladder - ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa
Uma kungekho isithombe somtholampilo, ukwelashwa okulondoloziwe kukhethwe ngabanye. Kuyasiza ukuyeka ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kuvimbele uketshezi oluyinkimbinkimbi ye-cholecystitis - ukwelashwa kunikeza:
- ukuhambisana nokudla;
- ukudla okunembile;
- isisindo sokujwayelekile;
- umsebenzi womzimba.
Ngokufanayo, umuntu kufanele athathe izidakamizwa ezichitha amatshe ku-gallbladder:
- I-Ursosan ;
- Henofalk;
- I-Ursofalk;
- I-Genohol;
- I-Ursohol;
- UHenosan;
- I-Ursofalk ne-analogues.
Ngesikhathi sokuqothuka (colic), imithi yokwelapha efanelekile inqunywe:
- Nalamba, kuze kuphele ukuhlanza.
- Ukusebenzisa i-ice noma ukucindezela okubandayo ku-hypochondrium efanele.
- Ukuphumula ubuhlungu nge spasmolytics (Cha-Shpa, Platifillin, Papaverin) kanye nama-analgesics (Maxigan, Ibuprofen, Nimesil).
- Ukwamukelwa kwama-antibiotics. Bakhethwa kuphela udokotela uma kukhona isifo.
- I-Detoxification - I-Enterosgel, i-Atoxil.
- Ukusheshisa kokukhipha uketshezi oluvela emzimbeni ngosizo lwe-diuretics (Ureit, Lasix nabanye).
Uma ubukhulu bamatshe e-gallbladder abudluli u-2 cm ububanzi, futhi izingcosana zincane, ukushuswa kwe-wave thotripsy kunconywa. Lena indlela yokudiliza izakhiwo eziqinile kusuka ngaphandle, isetshenziselwa kuphela ukungabi khona kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala. Ukuze kusetshenziselwe ukuxhaphazwa, ukuthengiswa kwesigungu esithintekile kufanele kube ngaphansi kwezinga elijwayelekile, okungenani u-75%.
Amatshe angaphakathi kwe-gallbladder - ukusebenza
Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuthiwa yi-cholecystectomy. Yenziwa ngendlela ye-laparoscopic nge-traumaticzation encane kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokuvuselela (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-3). Lokhu akukona ukususwa kwamatshe avela nge-bile, kodwa ukukhipha kwesisu kusuka emlonyeni wesibeletho kanye nezisombululo. Ukusebenza komsebenzi onjalo kufinyelela kuma-99%, inqubo iphumelela ngisho nasezikhungweni eziphakeme ze-cholelithiasis.
I-cholecystolithotomy noma ukususwa kwamatshe avela ku-gallbladder ngokwehlukana, nokulondoloza isitho, akumukeleki. Imizamo yokusebenzisa lolu khetho lokungenelela kokuhlinzwa lwaphela ema-60. Ukusebenza okunjalo kuyingozi futhi kuyadabukisa, nemiphumela emibi. Kamuva, kubuyele futhi, futhi umuntu usazokwenza i-cholecystectomy.
Ukudla ngamatshe ku-gallbladder
Kunoma yisiphi isigaba se-cholelithiasis, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa yikudla. Uma kungekho colic futhi amatshe amancane in the gallbladder atholakala, ukwelashwa kudinga ukuhambisana ne Pevzner Diet # 5. Thatha izikhathi 4-6 ngosuku, ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngesisu esingenalutho kunconywa ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile. Ngesikhathi se-colic, ukuzila ukudla okwesikhashana kunqunywe ngokushintshwa kancane kancane ekudleni okungu-5a. Ukudla okufanayo kuyenziwa lapho i-cholecystitis ebalalayo iqhubeka nokuvuvukala. Ukudla okunomsoco kufanele kube impilo yonke, ngaphandle kokuzikhethela.