Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi i-cholesterol, ngoba kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, kunakekelwa kakhulu. Kwamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo, eU.SA, ngisho nesikhathi esithile kwakunezinkinga ngenxa yalesi sici "esiyingozi". Abantu bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi yimbangela yazo zonke izifo zabo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyi-fraction kuphela yeqiniso.
Iyini i-cholesterol egazini?
Ukucacisa lokhu kuzosiza incazelo yegama elisetshenzisiwe. Kusukela olimini lwesiGreki lasendulo ukuya kwisiRashiya "χολή" - "bile" no "στερεός" - "kanzima". Ngamanye amazwi, utshwala lwe-lipophilic. Indima ye-cholesterol emzimbeni womuntu inkulu:
- Ubamba iqhaza ekwakheni i-bile, ngaphandle kokuphi ukudla okungagciniwe.
- Iyingxenye yamabhungane eseli.
- Ihlanganyela ekuqalisweni kwe-cortisone - ihomoni edingekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi efanele.
- Amaseli ezokuthutha ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene, ahlanganisa izidakamizwa eziyingozi futhi azisuse emzimbeni.
- I-cholesterol ibandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone ezocansi .
Lezi zinto eziphilayo, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamafutha, zingenawo emanzini. I-80% ye-cholesterol ikhiqizwa ngumzimba futhi kuphela u-20% uvela ekudleni okudliwayo. Egazini, lesi sakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi sikhona njengama-lipoproteins. Kunamaqembu amaningana ama-proteine okuthutha:
- isisindo esikhulu semisipha (LPVL);
- isisindo somzimba esincane (LDL);
- isisindo somzimba esincane kakhulu (VLDL);
- ama-chylomicrons.
Iyini i-cholesterol ye-LDL?
Kubantu abavamile kuthiwa "kubi." I-70% ye-cholesterol equkethwe e-plasma yegazi ibhekisela ku-LDL. Lokhu kuxhumana kubaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga le-lipoprotein elincane lidlula umgomo, lokhu sekuvele kuyingozi. Ngenxa yalokhu ukungalingani, uhlelo lwe-cardiovascular lungase luhlupheke. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi inani elincane le-cholesterol kulabo abazimisele ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zifo.
Ama-lipoprotein alaleli qembu ahlukile ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezinjalo zamaprotheni-fat is 18-26 nm. Ngenxa yalokhu bangakwazi ukungena ngokukhululekile ohlelweni lwegazi. Lapho egazini ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali anjalo kungaphezu kwendabuko, bavame ukuqoqa ekugcineni kwe-capillaries, imithanjeni kanye nemithambo yegazi, okwakhiwa ama-plaques angama-cholesteric. Ukuze kuhlolwe ingozi yokukhula kwesifo sofuba kanye nezinye izifo ezinzima zenhliziyo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okhethekile kwenziwa.
Iyini i-cholesterol ye-HDL?
Kwabaningi kuyaziwa ngokuthi "kuhle". Lezi zinhlayiya zibhekwa njengento encane kakhulu. Ububanzi abudluli u-11 nm. Ekubunjweni kwawo, isabelo sezingonyama singaphakathi kwiprotheni ingxenye, kanti okuqukethwe kwamanoni akubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi i-cholesterol ephakeme kakhulu, ngoba le nhlanganisela idlala indima ebalulekile empilweni. Ama-lipoproteins anjalo ahlanza izitsha zamafutha ezigcwala phezulu. Lezi zinhlayiyana zikhanya kakhulu. Bathatha "udoti" we-lipid bese bewuthatha ama-hepatocytes. Lapha, "u-sor" uguqulwa waba amafutha acids, bese kuthiwa udonswe ngendlela yokugaya.
Iyini i-cholesterol?
Le nkomba ibonisa izinhlayiya "ezinhle" nezimbi ". Ukuhlushwa kokubili kwezinto kufanele kube okuvamile. Kokubili inani eliphansi ne-index eliphezulu liyingozi. Ukungalingani okunjalo kungabangela imiphumela embi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi isiguli siqonde ukuthi yikuphi i-cholesterol ehlolwayo. Udokotela uzomsiza ukuthi abhekane nalomsebenzi onzima.
Ukwazi kanjani izinga le-cholesterol egazini?
Ukunquma ukuhlushwa kwezinto ezinjalo emzimbeni, i-lipidogram inqunywe. Igazi le-Venous lisetshenziselwa lolu cwaningo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa, udokotela uzochazela isiguli hhayi kuphela ukuthi yikuphi i-cholesterol, kodwa nokuthi kungokwejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bafunda futhi baqhathanise izinkomba ze-LDL ne-HDL. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuba ahlole ingozi yezinguquko ze-atherosclerotic emzimbeni.
Ngaphambi kokunquma izinga le-cholesterol egazini, isiguli siyokwaziswa ukuthi silungiselele ukuhlaziywa. Kufanele enze izinguquko ezinjalo:
- Ukuhlaziywa kunikezwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho, ngakho-ke isidlo sasekuseni sizohlehliswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emva kokudla kokugcina kufanele kuthathe okungenani amahora angu-10.
- Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ukudla okunamafutha kufanele kukhishwe ekudleni.
- Umphumela wathonywa yimithi ethathwe (ikakhulukazi ama-NSAID, i-omega-3, amavithamini). Uma isiguli sigqila njalo izidakamizwa ezinjalo, kufanele zizise udokotela ngakho. Udokotela uyazi ukuthi yikuphi i-cholesterol nokuthi yimuphi umphumela wale mithi ezingeni lakhe, ngakho abanye babo bangacelwa ukuba bayeke okwesikhashana.
- Half ihora ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, awukwazi ukubhema.
- Ngaphambi kokungena ehhovisi, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona isampula legazi, kufanele ubekezelele ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-cholesterol kubantu
Le nhlanganisela ephilayo ibalwa nge-millimoles ngelitha legazi. Izindinganiso ezincane nezisemqoka zenziwe i-HDL ne-LDL. Kulesi sikhathi, kukhona i-cholesterol egazini lomuntu onempilo. Amazinga ahlukahluka. Ubukhulu babo buxhomeke ezintweni ezinjalo:
- ubulili;
- ubudala.
I-cholesterol yabesifazane
Kuyo yonke impilo, ukusebenza kwalesi sakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kuyashintsha. Ngakho-ke, izinga le-cholesterol emantombazaneni oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu lizobe liphansi kunelo wesifazane oneminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi esencane imetabolism ye-metabolic iyashesha, ngakho-ke i-LDL ayitholi emithanjeni yegazi. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kukhona ushintsho emlandweni we-hormonal emzimbeni womama ozayo. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni kokuqukethwe kwe-lipoproteins egazini labesifazane.
I-cholesterol emadodeni
Ukubona ngokucacile ukuthi ngaphakathi kwemingcele evumelekile yinkomba yalesi sakhi esiyinkimbinkimbi kummeleli wesondo oqinile, akunakwenzeka. Thola imiphumela enokwethenjelwa ngokusebenzisa i-biochemical blood test. Izinga le-cholesterol lamadoda lihluka ngokuya ngobudala. Omdala lo muntu, ephakeme ngamanani akhe aphezulu avunyelwe amapoprotein.
I-cholesterol ezinganeni
Amazinga aphakanyisiwe we-lipoproteins ayitholakali kuphela lapho esekhulile. Izingane nazo zijwayele lokhu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi abazali bazi ukuthi izinga le-cholesterol liseyingane nokuthi ngabe inani langempela lenkomba liphakathi kwemikhawulo evumelekile. Udokotela uzobasiza ukuba baqonde lo mbuzo. Uzochaza ukuthi yikuphi i-cholesterol futhi ahlaziye imiphumela. Uma kunesidingo, udokotela uzobe eyala ukuthi ingane ilashwe.
I-cholesterol ephakeme
Uma i-HDL ingaphezu kokuvamile, lokhu kuningi kakhulu kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile, ngoba ayikho ukuhlushwa okuphezulu okuyi-organic compound. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-lipoprotein aphezulu kakhulu egazini, anciphisa ingozi ye-pathologies ye-cardiovascular. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lokhu ukungalingani kungabonisa ukwephulwa kwe-metabolism yamafutha. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu uma:
- i-hepatitis engapheli ;
- ukuphuza utshwala;
- ukuphuza ngokweqile;
- i-dyslipidemia yefa;
- Izinguquko ezishintshayo ezenzeka esibindi.
Ukwanda kweLDL kuyingozi enkulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela batusa ngokuqinile ukuthi uthathe i-lipidogram njalo ngonyaka kunoma ubani oye wafinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu, futhi abantu abakhuluphele. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu i-cholesterol ye-LDL ephezulu:
- Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo senhliziyo .
- Kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okudlulela kungase kwenzeke.
- Iveza izinguquko ze-atherosclerotic ezinsikeni zenhliziyo.
- Lokhu kubangela ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo yegazi, okungabangela ukuguliswa kwesifo, i-aneurysm noma i-thrombosis.
- Yimbangela ye- stroke noma isifo senhliziyo .
Izimbangela ze-High Blood Cholesterol
Ukwanda kwe-lipoproteins ephansi kungase kubangelwe izici ezihlukahlukene. Izimbangela zokunyuka kwe-cholesterol zivame ukwanda:
- Ukudla okungenakulinganisela - ukudla okuthosiwe okuthosiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo eqeda ukuphela, ukudla okuqukethe amafutha amaningi (i-baking, ukhilimu, izinyosi ezinzima njalonjalo).
- Ubuhle - isibonelo, i-hypercholesterolemia ingadluliselwa kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni.
- Ukuphila ngokwemvelo - ngokwesayensi kufakazelwa ukuthi ukuxolisa kwenza kube ne-HDL nokwanda kweLDL.
- Ukwamukelwa kwezidakamizwa ezithile - ukunciphisa i-cholesterol "enhle" kungenza i-corticosteroids, ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kanye nezinye izidakamizwa.
- Ukukhuluphala - kuphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zenhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kungabangela izifo ezinjalo:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-anorexia;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza komzimba;
- izinqubo eziqhubekayo nama-gallstones;
- I-Cushing's syndrome ;
- umfutho wegazi ophezulu nokunye okunye.
I-cholesterol ephezulu - yini okufanele uyenze?
Ukuze kulungiswe izinga lamapoprotein, imithi yamaqembu anjalo ingabekwa:
- statins (Zokor, Krestor, Lipitor nabanye);
- i-nicotinic acid;
- abahlali be-sequestan (i-Cholestan, i-Holestipol);
- i-fibrate (i-Clofibrate, i-Fenofibrate);
- izithako zokudla ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-omega-3.
Ukwehla kwe-cholesterol nokuzivocavoca okulinganiselayo. Kumele kukhethwe ngabanye. Kwezinye iziguli, ukhetho olungcono luzoba ngumzuzu wamahhafu. Abanye bayakwazi ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngomsebenzi ongokomzimba onjalo, izinga lokushaywa kwamaphutha alinyuli ngaphezu kwama-80%. Ukuzivocavoca okuwusizo nokuphefumula. Kuyasiza ukugcwalisa umzimba nge-oksijeni futhi kuvuselele izinqubo zokuxuba umzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla ku-LDL kunikeza isisindo esivamile. Ngisho nalabo abangaphelele, ukunakwa kufanele kubhalelwe ukudla kwabo: kufanele kube nokulinganisela. Udinga izingxenye ezincane futhi kaningi. Imenyu ibalulekile ukucebisa ngemikhiqizo enjalo:
- iklabishi;
- i-garlic;
- i-soybean;
- ama-apula;
- amantongomane;
- i-avocado;
- okusanhlamvu nemifino;
- izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle, ezicebile ama-omega-3 fatty acids;
- ushokoledi omnyama;
- imifino ebomvu nezithelo.
Abameli bemithi ehlukile bayayazi ukuthi yikuphi i-cholesterol ephakeme, ngakho batusa ekulwa nayo ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezinjalo zokwelapha:
- i-dioscreek iCaucasia;
- izimpande zelayisensi;
- i-hawthorn;
- i-blue blueness;
- lipu;
- dandelion njalonjalo.
I-cholesterol ephansi
Ukusongela akukona ukukhuphuka nje kuphela, kodwa kunciphisa ama-indices of lipoproteins. Lokhu kuyingozi kangakanani i-cholesterol ye-HDL ye-HDL:
- Kuyashukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kokucindezeleka noma ukuphazamisa ukwesaba okukhulu.
- Ugcwele ukukhulelwa kwesisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Kubangelwa ukwephulwa kwegazi emithonjeni yobuchopho.
- Kungabangela ukungabi nabantwana okubangelwa ukungabikho kwamahomoni ocansi.
- Ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hypoxia emntwaneni kanye ne-hypovitaminosis noma ama-rickets emntwaneni.
I-cholesterol ephansi egazini - imbangela
Uma inkomba ye-HDL iphansi kunejwayelekile, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umzimba unemibandela efana ne-pathological:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-cirrhosis yesibindi;
- izinqubo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wezinso;
- izifo ezingokwemvelo zesibindi;
- hypothyroidism.
Kukhona ne-LDL ye-cholesterol eyancishisiwe. Akuyona ingozi engaphezu kwesikhombisi esikhulekile. I-cholesterol ephansi egazini igcinwa ngezifo ezinjalo:
- i-anemia engapheliyo;
- i-arthritis nezinye izifo ezihlangene;
- i-sepsis;
- i-myeloma;
- i-Reynaud syndrome .
Cholesterol ephansi - yini okufanele uyenze?
Uma i-dyslipidemia ibangelwa i-pathologies yangaphakathi, isibonakaliso sizobuyela esimweni esivamile ngemuva kokuba isiguli sigcwalise ukwelashwa okubekiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehlisa i-cholesterol egazini kungenziwa ukwandiswa ngokulungisa indlela yokuphila. Ukunakwa kufanele kuhokhwe ezicini ezinjalo:
- Lahla imikhuba emibi. Ukuxoshwa kwe-nicotine nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala kwandisa inkomba ye-HDL ngo-15%.
- Nciphisa isisindo - nayo yonke i-kilogram eyengeziwe, ukucindezela ezitsheni kanye nenhliziyo yakho kwanda, okubangela ukukhula kwe-LDL.
- Ukwandisa umsebenzi womzimba - ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukudansa, i-yoga iyamukeleka.
Uma izinga eliphansi le-cholesterol, liphakamise lizosiza ekudleni kokwelapha. Ukudla kufanele kuhambisane nemigomo elandelayo:
- Ukudla kumele kube nocebile ku-fiber - izithelo nemifino.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi ikhalori yansuku zonke ihlanganisa izindleko zamandla zomzimba.
- Inani lamafutha adliwe akufanele lidlule ama-25% azo zonke i-calories ezitholiwe ngosuku.
- Nsuku zonke kufanele udle i-bran.
- Ukudla kufanele kube yi-fractional (ngo-5-6 reception).