Naphezu kokuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu avunyelwe ezibhedlela njalo ngonyaka ngokutholakala kobuhlungu be-mushroom. Isifiso sokuzuza ezitheni ezivela ezintweni ezibonakalayo eziqoqiwe ngokwazo ziwunqoba ukusimama kokuzivikela futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuholela emiphumeleni edabukisayo.
Yimaphi amakhowe angabuthiwa?
Amakhowe athandwa ngabaningi. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lolu thando lunemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu ngesimo sobuthakathaka obukhulu. Abantu abangobucabango bacabanga ukuthi ubuthi lungaba amakhowe anobuthi kuphela. Kodwa empeleni, ingozi ingenziwa futhi izithelo ezidliwayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi emilenzeni nasezikhungweni zakha indawo enhle yokuphila nokukhiqizwa kwama-bacterium. Ukwelashwa okushisayo kubulala ama-microorganisms e-pathogenic. Kodwa ngokupheka okungalungile - uma ama-pickle agcinwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, noma efakwe emanzini angenalutho anelisiwe, isibonelo - ukufaka ushevu ngamakhowe amakhowe kungenzeka.
Kungaba yini ubuthi ngamakhowe amhlophe ? Yebo, amacala anjalo ayenzeka, nakuba lezi zithelo zibhekwa njengezilimaza kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi amakhowe - ngisho adle - athole ubuthi obufana nesiponji. Ngakho-ke, bangakwazi ukungabi nabalinganiselwe kwisitoreji esingalungile. Ikhathaza kokubili amakhowe aluhlaza, omisiwe, namakhowe okufakwe emanzini. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokupheka kungcono ukutadisha yonke imithetho eyisisekelo yokucubungula nokugcina ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe anobuthi kusuka ezidliwayo?
Indlela elula yokuzivikela nokuvimbela ubuthi ngamakhowe ukuthi yiziphi izithelo ezinobuthi futhi ezingekho. Ubumbana kakhulu futhi ngokushesha ukhumbule konke ngeke kusebenze. Kodwa emva kwezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokuqeqesha, uzobheka ngokukodwa ukuthi "kuhle" futhi "kubi."
Nansi indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe anobuthi avela ezidliwayo futhi ngokufanayo:
- Iningi lefungi elidliwayo li-tubular.
- Izithelo ezinobungozi ezinobungozi obunzima obuhlaza. Kubalulekile ukuba unakekele uma ubona i-caps pinkish. Lawa ikakhulukazi amakhowe angamanga. Ukuze uhlole, phule. Uma i-fungus imanga ngempela, i-scrap izophenduka. Ungathembi nemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, izigqoko ezibonakalayo ziyisignali ye-alamu.
- Awukwazi ukuthembela kumnandi, kodwa abaqoqi be-mushroom abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathi i-prey enobuhlungu iyaphunga kabi, noma ayikho nhlobo.
- Ufuna ukuvimbela ubuthi ngamakhowe amhlophe - uwabeke konke ebhodweni lamanzi bese uphonsa isibani kuwo. Uma lesi siphendu siphenduka ngezindaba eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izindaba ezingathandeki: ukuvuna kuyodingeka kukhishwe ngaphandle.
- Abaqoqi be-mushroom abangenalwazi badlula izithelo ezimbi. Kodwa empeleni, izinambuzane nezilwane cishe ziyokhokhiswa kuphela ngamakhowe adle. Kukhona okuhlukile, kodwa akuvamile.
Izinhlobo zamakhowe ezinobuthi
Ukwazi izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zengozi kuzosiza ekuvimbeleni uketshezi lwe-fungal. Kuneziningi zazo - kukholelwa ukuthi ezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3000 zamakhowe ezidliwayo kukhona cishe 400 - kodwa akudingeki ukhumbule konke. Kubalulekile ukwazi kuphela labo okutholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala. Phakathi kwazo yizibonelo ezinjalo:
- I-Pale toadstool yi-mushroom enobuthi kakhulu. Ngisho nengxenye encane yayo yanele ukudala umonakalo ongenakuqhathaniswa empilweni. Ubuthi buhlasela isibindi nezinso, futhi into embi kakhulu ukuthi izimpawu zokudakwa ziphuzile kakhulu. Isici esihlukile se-toadstool ukuqina ngesimo se-testicle ngaphansi komlenze.
- Amanita. Futhi hhayi kuphela obomvu ngamachashazi amhlophe. Ingqikithi kunezinhlobo ezingu-600 zama-fly agarics ahlukene. Futhi eziningana zazo ziyakudla ngempela. Kodwa nokho akufanelekile ingozi - kungcono kakhulu ukuhamba nge-fly agaric ngomgwaqo weshumi futhi kungcono nje ukuthathe isithombe.
- Ukushisa ngamakhowe kaSathane kwenzeka ngisho nangemva kokupheka isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akufanele athembe ukubukeka kwawo okukhangayo - izithelo zezinhlamvu zifinyelela ku-30 cm, futhi umlenze ungaba ngu-10 cm ububanzi - bukhohlisa kakhulu.
- Ama-fossil akhule emahlathini e-coniferous nasezintabeni. Futhi banesici esihlukile - iphunga elibi elibukhali. Ama-fibers ane-cone-shaped, afinyelele ku-5 cm ububanzi. Inyama imhlophe futhi ayishintshi umbala.
- Ukushisa amakhowe ngezingulube akusiyingozi kangaka, kodwa kusengozini - ngenxa yokudakwa, inani lamalungu obomvu linciphisa. Ingulube ibheka njengekhanda elikhulu lomnqumo emlenzeni ophansi.
- Isifungi se-bile sivame ukudideka nama-pimples. Kodwa ngokungafani nalezi zinsuku zokugcina, zinama-pores ama-pinkish, futhi emlenzeni kukhona umnsundu omnyama.
Izimpawu zobuthi ngamakhowe
Lo mkhiqizo owingozi kakhulu ongashaya ngisho nangemva kokushisa noma olunye ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, uma izibonakaliso zobuthi ezinomsoco nama-mushroom zivele ngokushesha ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo, zidinga ukuphuthuma ngokuphuthumayo. Vumela ukwesaba kangcono akuqinisekisiwe, kunokuba kuzodingeka ubhekane nemiphumela engathandeki yokudakwa.
Ukufaka ubuthi ngamakhowe, zingaki izimpawu ezivela?
Njengomthetho, izimpawu zokuqala zoketshezi ngamakhowe ziqala ukuvela emahoreni ama-1.5 kuya kwangu-2 emva kokuzidla ekudleni. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukusabela kuza ngosuku noma ezimbili. Indlela okubonakala ngayo ubuthi be-fungal ngokwayo kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Isisindo sokuphendula sithinteka ngenani lezithelo ezidliwe nokubonakala kwazo, isisindo, ubudala kanye nempilo yesisulu. Ngisho nesistimu ye-immune eqinile ayikwazi ukubhekana nesenzo sezinyosi. Ngakho-ke ngokushesha noma kamuva, kodwa izibonakaliso zokudakwa zizovela.
Izibonakaliso zokuqala zoketshezi ngamakhowe
Kungenakwenzeka ukungazinaki. Nakhu ukuthi ubuthi obunobuthi bamakhowe:
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza okukhulu;
- isifo sohudo kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-15 ngosuku;
- ubuhlungu besisu;
- ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kuya kuma-38-39 degrees;
- Iziphetho ezingenhla nezansi ziba nzima;
- ukuvuvukala kwesisu kanye namathumbu;
- ukukhubazeka kwe-pulse;
- ukubonakala kwezingcingo kanye nokucubungula;
- isifo sengqondo esibonakalayo;
- i-anuria;
- ukujuluka okukhulu nokwehla;
- izinkinga ngokuphefumula;
- ukulala nokubuthakathaka;
- i-jaundice .
Uketshezi ngamakhowe okufakwe emathinini kanye ne-botulism kufana, kodwa ngezingqinamba ezincane. Izimpawu ezisemqoka yizi:
- isicanuca ngokuhlanza;
- isifo sohudo;
- ikhanda elibi;
- Umbono okhubazekile (emehlweni aqala ukuphinda kabili, yonke into ehambayo);
- i-mucosa yomlomo isomile;
- kunezinsika;
- ubunzima bokuphefumula.
Yini okufanele uyenze lapho ubuthiwe ngamakhowe?
Ukuzivocavoca ngokudakwa akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, uma kunobuthi obugcwele ngamakhowe anobuthi, into yokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu okudingeka yenziwe ukubiza ochwepheshe noma ukuzama ukuletha isisulu ngokwakhe kumbuthano owemukelayo wesiteshi sezokwelapha esiseduze. Uma ungagcina amasampula womkhiqizo, yenzeni. Ngakho-ke ochwepheshe bazokwazi ukuthola ukuthi ubuthi obangelwa yini ubuthi, futhi kunalokho bathathe ukwelashwa okufanelekayo.
Usizo lokuqala lokudla ubuthi ngamakhowe
Into eyinhloko okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi isisulu asikwazi ukulimazwa. Asikho isidingo sokungcwaba ngokushesha i-Inthanethi ngokufuna iseluleko esiwusizo. Usizo oluphuthumayo oludinga uketshezi ngamakhowe ukugeza isisu. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukususa izitox ezisele emzimbeni. Usizo lokuqala lwe-poisoning ngamakhowe anobuthi luqala ukuphuza okuningi. Isiguli singanika itiye, amanzi noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate, bese senza ukuhlanza ngokucindezela impande yolimi. Inqubo kumele iqhutshwe kuze kube yilapho okusele kokudla kushiya isisu.
Ukufaka ubuthi ngamakhowe - yini okufanele uyenze ekhaya?
Ngaphezu kokuphuza ngokweqile, abathintekayo banganikezwa i-laxative namathebulethi womlilo osebenziwe. Uma kwenzeka uketshezi lwe-fungal, ukwelashwa ekhaya kutholakala ukuhlanzwa okuphumelelayo kwesisu namathumbu. Ngoba amalahle - usizo olungcono kakhulu. Kuyinto sorbent esebenzayo. Thatha kufanele ibe yi-1 piece kilogram ngayinye yesisindo somzimba. Kodwa uma isiguli sinezimpawu zokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi - ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi, ukulahleka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka - izindlela ezingenhla zingalimaza.
Uketshezi lwemushroom - ukwelashwa esibhedlela
Into yokuqala abakwenzayo esibhedlela ukufaka injini yenkomba bese bayisebenzisela ukugeza isisu . Ngokuvamile, ngenkinga ye-fungal poisoning, ukwelashwa kuhilela ukuthatha i-laxative usawoti, imithi yokwelapha kanye ne-diuresis esheshayo. Ngosuku lokuqala, i-hemosorption yenziwa futhi izinhlungu zisuswa egazini. Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ama-hallucination, isiguli sinikezwa i-antipote Atropine.
Ukudla nge-fungi - imiphumela
I-poisoning eyingozi kunazo zonke nge-grebe. Iphetha ngomphumela obulalayo kuma-50-90% amacala. Uma isiguli sidla izithelo ezingaba ngu-3, ukufa kuvele ngamacala angu-100%. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, imiphumela ye-fungal poisoning ingase ingabi kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukwelashwa kuqala ngesikhathi, lowo muntu uvuselelwe ngokugcwele. Uma usizo lunganikezwa, bese kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-5-8, ukufa kwenzeka ngamathuba angu-50%.
Ukuvimbela ubuthi ngamakhowe
Indlela elula yokuthenga amakhowe ezindaweni ezifakazelwe. Kodwa uma isifiso sokuqoqa izithelo singakwazi ukunqotshwa, nansi amanye amathiphu okuthi ungawutholi kanjani ubuthi ngamakhowe:
- Ungaqoqi izithelo ezingajwayelekile.
- Zama ukugwema amakhowe amadala.
- Uma ulungiselela, ungakhohlwa ukucubungula ngokucophelela bese ubilisa izigqoko ngemilenze. Okokuqala uthele ama-decoctions ambalwa.
- Hlanza futhi ulungiselele amakhowe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqwa.
- Awudingi ukuqoqa noma yini eduze kwemigwaqo nezindawo zezimboni.
- Ungathathi amakhowe ngezikhwama zeplastiki. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amabhasikidi.
- Uma ukudla kwamakhowe okusemathinini kunomkhumbi, kuphephile ukuwulahleka.