I-sesame ikhula kanjani?

Isitshalo sesame, noma, njengoba sesabizwa, i-sesame, ingenye yezikhathi ezindala kakhulu ezaziwa yindoda. I-Sesame ikhulunywe kumqulu we-Ebers, oqukethe incazelo yamakhambi nemithi yokwelapha. Ngokusho kososayensi, le papyrus ibuyele emuva ekhulwini le-16 BC. Izakhiwo eziwusizo zembewu ye-sesame zaphawulwa emisebenzini yabo yezokwelapha ngu-Avicenna omkhulu. Imbewu ye-sesame, eyongezwe emikhiqizo yebhaka , i- halva , i-saladi inikeza ukudla i-flavour ekhethekile nokunambitha, futhi iyazuza umzimba. Futhi ekuphekeni, amafutha wesamame asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela inyama, okusanhlamvu kanye nezitsha zemifino. Naphezu kokusakazeka okuphezulu, bambalwa abazi ukuthi sesame ikhula kanjani.

Iyini i-sesame?

I-Sesame - isitshalo se-herbaceous esiphakeme kakhulu (kufika kumamitha amathathu), esiqhakaza izimbali ezimhlophe, ezibomvu noma ze-lilac, ezikhula ngokuqondile ezonweni zamaqabunga. Okuthakazelisayo yiqiniso lokuthi imbali iphela ngenxa yosuku olulodwa, ne-self-pollination yesitshalo, futhi kamuva ukwakheka kwe-capsule-pod enezinhlamvu ezincane ezimhlophe, eziphuzi, ezimnyama noma ezibomvu.

Ikuphi i-sesame ekhula khona?

I-Sesame yisitshalo esithisa ukushisa, esivamile ezindaweni ezishisayo zendawo ezishisayo nezomhlaba, kodwa okwamanje izinhlobo zayo ezikhulayo azikho. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isiko sikhule ePakistan, eNdiya, e-Arabia, eNyakatho Afrika. Kamuva, abalimi baseCentral Asia, eCaucasus naseNingizimu-East Asia bahlakulela isemame. ERussia, ukulima okuningi kwezitshalo kwenziwa ezindaweni zasemaphandleni eNdawo yaseKrasnodar. Ukunciphisa kungakhula endaweni ehambisana nendawo yezulu, kodwa ochwepheshe bezolimo baxwayisa ukuthi kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ufisa, ungahlakulela isilimu esiwusizo ezweni lakho. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ebangeni eliphakathi ubukhulu besitshalo aludluli 60 - 80 cm, kanti izithelo ezithwala izitshalo ziphansi.

Indlela yokutshala imbewu ye-sesame?

Seeding kwenziwa lapho lokushisa izingxenye ezingenhla zenhlabathi kufinyelela +16 ... amazinga angama-+18. Okuhle kakhulu ukuhluma kwesesame kungukushisa kwama-25 ... + 30 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa lithelela ku-zero, amahlumela esitshalo afa, ngakho-ke uma iqhwa lisongela, izitshalo kufanele zihlanganiswe ne-polyethylene. Lapho isimo sezulu sipholile, izimila ziyayeka, futhi lapho sekuqala izinsuku ezishisayo, i-sesame ikhula ngokushesha. Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokulima isemame yizwe elivundile elinamanzi amaningi, inhlabathi enhle kakhulu.

Isiqephu esikhethwe ukuba sesame sikhule kufanele silungiselele: susa wonke ukhula, ukhulule inhlabathi futhi ugeze. Ukufaka umquba, 25 g we-potassium chloride ne-ammonium nitrate, i-100 g ye-superphosphate isetshenziswa nge-1 m². Masinyane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele ibe nomhlabathi othulini kahle. Imbewu itshalwe ngokujula kwe-2 - 3 cm, ukugcina phakathi kwemigqa ibanga elingama 0.5 - 0.7 m. Ku-1 m², 0.5 - 1 g ye-inoculum iyadingeka. Lapho imbewu ye-sesame iqala ukuhluma, kubalulekile ukwenza umquba, ukuze ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela lingekho ngaphansi kuka-6 cm.

Esikhathini esizayo, ukugcinwa njalo kwezitshalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, ukuphulukisa nokususa. Lapho izitshalo ze-sesame ziqiniswa, khona-ke isitshalo asisabi ukwesaba komswakama. Ngenxa yokuthi iziqu ezinamandla nezishiyagalolwazi ezinkulu zishiya imimoya, ukutshala imbewu ye-sesame kusetshenziselwa ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo ezincane ezingamelana nesomiso, ukutshala isivuno emigqeni eminingi.

Ukuvuna imbewu ye-sesame

Ekuqaleni kwekwindla amaqabunga e-sesame aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi bese ewa, futhi i-capsule enezinhlamvu iyomisa futhi iphenduke imnyama. Lesi isignali ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna. Vula ama-pod kufanele kube nenembile kakhulu, ngoba uma ubathinta, ibhokisi livula futhi imbewu ichithe. Kusukela ku-1mmitha ungakwazi ukuqoqa kuze kube ngu-200 g wezinhlamvu ze-same.